633,195 research outputs found
Identification of Linearized RMS-Voltage Dip Patterns Based on Clustering in Renewable Plants
[EN] Generation units connected to the grid are currently required to meet low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements. In most developed countries, these requirements also apply to renewable sources, mainly wind power plants and photovoltaic installations connected to the grid. This study proposes an alternative characterisation solution to classify and visualise a large number of collected events in light of current limits and requirements. The authors' approach is based on linearised root-mean-square-(RMS)-voltage trajectories, taking into account LRVT requirements, and a clustering process to identify the most likely pattern trajectories. The proposed solution gives extensive information on an event's severity by providing a simple but complete visualisation of the linearised RMS-voltage patterns. In addition, these patterns are compared to current LVRT requirements to determine similarities or discrepancies. A large number of collected events can then be automatically classified and visualised for comparative purposes. Real disturbances collected from renewable sources in Spain are used to assess the proposed solution. Extensive results and discussions are also included in this study.The authors thank the financial support from the 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' (Spain) and the European Union - ENE2016-78214-C2-2-R, Fulbright/Spanish Ministry of Education Visiting Scholar - PRX14/00694. This work was also supported by the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGarcĂa-SĂĄnchez, TM.; GĂłmez-LĂĄzaro, E.; Muljadi, E.; Kessler, M.; Muñoz-Benavente, I.; Molina-GarcĂa, A. (2018). Identification of Linearized RMS-Voltage Dip Patterns Based on Clustering in Renewable Plants. IET Generation Transmission & Distribution. 12(6):1256-1262. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0474S12561262126Craciun B. Kerekes T. Sera D.et al.: âOverview of recent grid codes for PV power integrationâ.13th Int. Conf. on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM) 2012 May2012 pp.959â965âWorld Energy Outlook 2012â. Technical Report International Egency Agency (IEA) 2012. Available atwww.iea.orgBehrens C.E.: âEnergy policy: 113th congress issuesâ.Congressional Research Service 2013Lopes, J. A. P., Hatziargyriou, N., Mutale, J., Djapic, P., & Jenkins, N. (2007). Integrating distributed generation into electric power systems: A review of drivers, challenges and opportunities. Electric Power Systems Research, 77(9), 1189-1203. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2006.08.016Glassmire, J., Komor, P., & Lilienthal, P. (2012). Electricity demand savings from distributed solar photovoltaics. Energy Policy, 51, 323-331. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.08.022Carvalho, D., Wemans, J., Lima, J., & Malico, I. (2011). Photovoltaic energy mini-generation: Future perspectives for Portugal. 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The potential impacts of grid-connected distributed generation and how to address them: A review of technical and non-technical factors. Energy Policy, 39(10), 6280-6290. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.07.027Sangroniz N. Mora J.A. Teixeira M.D.: âReview of international grid codes for wind generationâ 2009âGlobal Market Outlook for Photovoltaics Until 2016â. Technical Report European Photovoltaic Industry Association 2012. Available atwww.epia.orgKim S. Bollen M.: âTowards the development of a set of grid code requirements for wind farms: transient reactive power requirementsâ. Technical Report Available as Elforsk Report 13â:â04. Part 3 Report of Vindforsk Project Vâ369 Vindforsk III January2013Tsili, M., & Papathanassiou, S. (2009). A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms. IET Renewable Power Generation, 3(3), 308. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0070Hossain, J., & Mahmud, A. (Eds.). (2014). Renewable Energy Integration. Green Energy and Technology. doi:10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9Sourkounis C. Tourou P.: âGrid code requirements for wind power integration in Europeâ.Conf. Papers in Energy 2013 pp.1â9Voltage Ride-Through Capability Verification of Wind Turbines With Fully-Rated Converters Using Reachability Analysis. (2014). IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(2), 392-405. doi:10.1109/tec.2013.2295168Mohseni, M., & Islam, S. M. (2012). Review of international grid codes for wind power integration: Diversity, technology and a case for global standard. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 3876-3890. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.039âRoyal Decree 1565/2010 by which regulates and modifies certain aspects of the activity of production of electric energy in special regime. (In spanish)â. Technical Report November2010Sourkounis C. Tourou P.: âGrid code requirements for wind power integration in Europeâ.Conf. Papers in Science 2013JimĂ©nez, F., GĂłmez-LĂĄzaro, E., Fuentes, J. A., Molina-GarcĂa, A., & Vigueras-RodrĂguez, A. (2011). Validation of a double fed induction generator wind turbine model and wind farm verification following the Spanish grid code. Wind Energy, 15(4), 645-659. doi:10.1002/we.498Montoro D.: âRecommendations for unified technical regulations for gridâconnected PV systemsâ. Technical Report SUNRISE project â European Photovoltaic Industry Association the European Construction Industry Federation the European Association of Electrical Contractors International Union of Architects 2009. Available athttp://www.pvsunrise.eu/Merino, J., Mendoza-Araya, P., & Veganzones, C. (2014). State of the Art and Future Trends in Grid Codes Applicable to Isolated Electrical Systems. Energies, 7(12), 7936-7954. doi:10.3390/en7127936deAlmeida P. Barbosa P. Duque C.et al.: âGrid connection considerations for the integration of PV and wind sourcesâ.IEEE 16th Int. Conf. on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP) May2014 pp.6â9âNetwork code requirements for grid connection applicable to all generatorsâ. Technical Report European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity ENTSOâE October2013. Available athttps://www.entsoe.eu/Kagan N. Ferrari E. Matsuo N.et al.: âInfluence of rms variation measurement protocols on electrical system performance indices for voltage sags and swellsâ.Proc. Ninth Int. Conf. on Harmonics and Quality of Power 2000 2000 vol.3 pp.790â795Bollen, M. H. J. (2003). Algorithms for characterizing measured three-phase unbalanced voltage dips. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 18(3), 937-944. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2003.813879Bollen M.H.: âComparing voltage dip survey resultsâ.Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting 2002 2002 vol.2 pp.1130â1134MorenoâMuñoz A. de laRosa J.: âVoltage sag in highly automated factoriesâ.Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting IAS'08 2008 pp.1â6Gomez-Lazaro, E., Fuentes, J. A., Molina-Garcia, A., & Canas-Carreton, M. (2009). Characterization and Visualization of Voltage Dips in Wind Power Installations. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24(4), 2071-2078. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2027513Gunther, E. W., & Mebta, H. (1995). A survey of distribution system power quality-preliminary results. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 10(1), 322-329. doi:10.1109/61.368382Belloni F. Chiappa C. Chiumeo R.et al.: âVoltage dip measurements along MV lines vs primary substations measurementsâ.Int. Conf. on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'12) March2012 pp.28â30Garcia-Sanchez, T., Gomez-Lazaro, E., Muljadi, E., Kessler, M., & Molina-Garcia, A. (2016). Statistical and Clustering Analysis for Disturbances: A Case Study of Voltage Dips in Wind Farms. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 31(6), 2530-2537. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2016.2522946Barrera Nunez V. Melendez Frigola J. 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Towards a Theory of Software Development Expertise
Software development includes diverse tasks such as implementing new
features, analyzing requirements, and fixing bugs. Being an expert in those
tasks requires a certain set of skills, knowledge, and experience. Several
studies investigated individual aspects of software development expertise, but
what is missing is a comprehensive theory. We present a first conceptual theory
of software development expertise that is grounded in data from a mixed-methods
survey with 335 software developers and in literature on expertise and expert
performance. Our theory currently focuses on programming, but already provides
valuable insights for researchers, developers, and employers. The theory
describes important properties of software development expertise and which
factors foster or hinder its formation, including how developers' performance
may decline over time. Moreover, our quantitative results show that developers'
expertise self-assessments are context-dependent and that experience is not
necessarily related to expertise.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 26th ACM Joint European Software Engineering
Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE
2018), ACM, 201
Non-Technical Individual Skills are Weakly Connected to the Maturity of Agile Practices
Context: Existing knowledge in agile software development suggests that
individual competency (e.g. skills) is a critical success factor for agile
projects. While assuming that technical skills are important for every kind of
software development project, many researchers suggest that non-technical
individual skills are especially important in agile software development.
Objective: In this paper, we investigate whether non-technical individual
skills can predict the use of agile practices. Method: Through creating a set
of multiple linear regression models using a total of 113 participants from
agile teams in six software development organizations from The Netherlands and
Brazil, we analyzed the predictive power of non-technical individual skills in
relation to agile practices. Results: The results show that there is
surprisingly low power in using non-technical individual skills to predict
(i.e. explain variance in) the mature use of agile practices in software
development. Conclusions: Therefore, we conclude that looking at non-technical
individual skills is not the optimal level of analysis when trying to
understand, and explain, the mature use of agile practices in the software
development context. We argue that it is more important to focus on the
non-technical skills as a team-level capacity instead of assuring that all
individuals possess such skills when understanding the use of the agile
practices.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur
Exploring Probation Supervision Compliance in the Netherlands
Security and Global Affair
Legal capacities required for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases
Law lies at the centre of successful national strategies for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. By law we mean international agreements, national and subnational legislation, regulations and other executive instruments, and decisions of courts and tribunals. However, the vital role of law in global health development is often poorly understood, and eclipsed by other disciplines such as medicine, public health and economics. This paper identifies key areas of intersection between law and noncommunicable diseases, beginning with the role of law as a tool for implementing policies for prevention and control of leading risk factors. We identify actions that the World Health Organization and its partners could take to mobilize the legal workforce, strengthen legal capacity and support effective use of law at the national level. Legal and regulatory actions must move to the centre of national noncommunicable disease action plans. This requires high-level leadership from global and national leaders, enacting evidence-based legislation and building legal capacities
Optimising the production and utilisation of forage for organic livestock (CTE0202)
On most organic farms in the UK, forages are fundamental to the application of organic farming practices, particularly where dairy cattle, beef cattle and/or sheep are the major enterprises. Methods used for the production, conservation and utilisation of these forage resources have a major influence on the productivity, efficiency and overall sustainability of organic farms. Forage management and utilisation also have a pivotal role in the maintenance of animal health and in the minimisation of environmental impacts associated with livestock farming.
Specific objectives:
1. Extrapolating from published data, to review the requirements for energy and protein across the production cycle for organic milk, beef, lamb, pig and poultry production.
2. To predict the likelihood of meeting all or a minimum proportion of these requirements from a range of organically produced forages.
3. To examine the potential to adjust management or production system to achieve a better balance of nutrient supply and demand
4. To consider likely contribution from alternative forages, and protein sources, as home-grown feeds
5. To assess likely effects on animal health and product quality
6. To develop a database model to predict the potential output and benefits for organic farmers of implementing different options and strategies for forage production and utilisation
7. To determine the environmental losses and gains at each stage of production and utilisation
8. To provide specific guidelines for use by farmers, advisers and policymakers to maximise efficiency in the production and utilisation of forages within a range of organic livestock production systems.
Overall, this body of work has indicated that a number of gaps in current knowledge exist such as: the particular suitability of diverse plants and animal genotypes for forage-based organic systems, methods for determining the nutritive value of organically produced forages, trace element nutrition of organic livestock and specific weed and pest control measures in organic crop production.
Further dissemination of the outputs from this study, drawn from the five separate work packages in which the work was conducted, will help underpin the sustainability of the organic sector
Influence of developer factors on code quality: a data study
© 2019 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Automatic source-code inspection tools help to assess,
monitor and improve code quality. Since these tools only
examine the software projectâs codebase, they overlook other
possible factors that may impact code quality and the assessment of the technical debt (TD). Our initial hypothesis is that human factors associated with the software developers, like coding expertise, communication skills, and experience in the project have some measurable impact on the code quality. In this exploratory study, we test this hypothesis on two large open source repositories, using TD as a code quality metric and the data that may be inferred from the version control systems. The preliminary results of our statistical analysis suggest that the level of participation of the developers and their experience in the project have a positive correlation with the amount of TD
that they introduce. On the contrary, communication skills have
barely any impact on TD.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
The relevance of specific csfs for stakeholders during ERP implementation: an empirical study from Oman
The success of ERP systems implementation is affected by the extent to which stakeholders have been prepared for the project activities and its outcomes. Stakeholdersâ preparation needs change as the ERP implementation lifecycle progresses and varies across stakeholder groups. Therefore a dynamic model is needed for such preparation. However such a model needs to reflect the relevance of different CSFs to different stakeholder groups at different stages of the ERP implementation life-cycle. This study examines empirical evidence from a survey conducted in Omani organisations to determine what these individual CSFs are and how they are distributed across the ERP implementation life-cycle for different stakeholder groups. The CSFs included in the survey were derived from a structured review of literature. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents representing different ERP stakeholders groups, all respondents had both experience and knowledge of ERP implementations. The survey data are analysed and the distribution of relevant CSFs across the ERP lifecycle for the different stakeholder groups are presente
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