The Role of Export-Driven New Ventures in Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis

We investigate the relationship between a country’s prevalence of new ventures and its rate of economic growth, while distinguishing between export-oriented new ventures and domestic new ventures. It is generally acknowledged that new venture creation as well as export activity may both be important strategies for achieving national economic growth. However, to our knowledge no attempt has been made to empirically investigate the role of export-driven new ventures in economic growth. We focus on the national level and use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for a sample of 36 countries. Our results suggest that a country’s prevalence of export-driven new ventures is significantly positively related to economic growth, whereas the prevalence of new ventures that focus exclusively on domestic market sales shows no significant relation to national growth.

The international entrepreneurial firms' social networks

ABSTRACT This paper investigates theoretically the importance and impact of the international entrepreneurial firms? (IEFs) social networks on selected firms? strategies. We focus specifically on some core attributes of IEFs and the impact of social networks on such strategies as the choice of the foreign markets to operate and the foreign entry modes. The social networks are a major driver of the internationalization from inception and help in overcoming a variety of physical and social resource limitations as well as transactional hazards. We conclude that it is likely that both some fundamental characteristics of the IEFs and those of the foreign markets entered account for these firms reliance on their social networks.entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurial firms, social networks, internationalization

The moderating effects of innovativeness on new product development ability

Apesar do número de publicações específicas sobre Orientação para Aprendizagem e para Mercado, não há consenso sobre a relação entre estes construtos e Inovação (IN). Neste sentido, este estudo investiga o impacto da Orientação para Aprendizagem e para Mercado na Habilidade de Desenvolvimento de Novos Produtos (HDNP) em contextos de alta e baixa orientação para Inovação. A população alvo foi um grupo de empresas brasileiras com mais de 30 empregados. Os dados foram analisados através de uma análise de regressão hierárquica. Os resultados indicam um impacto significativo e negativo da interação Orientação para Mercado x Capacidade de Inovação na HDNP. Já a interação Orientação para Aprendizado x Capacidade de Inovação apresentou um efeito significativo e positivo sobre HDNP. Portanto, em ambientes de negócios com alto nível Inovação, a Orientação para Aprendizagem excede a importância da Orientação para Mercado no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Quando o nível de Inovação das empresas é baixa, porém, a HDNP tende a tirar proveito da Orientação para Mercado, em vez de Orientação para Aprendizagem.Apesar do número de publicações específicas sobre Orientação para Aprendizagem e para Mercado, não há consenso sobre a relação entre estes construtos e Inovação (IN). Neste sentido, este estudo investiga o impacto da Orientação para Aprendizagem e para Mercado na Habilidade de Desenvolvimento de Novos Produtos (HDNP) em contextos de alta e baixa orientação para Inovação. A população alvo foi um grupo de empresas brasileiras com mais de 30 empregados. Os dados foram analisados através de uma análise de regressão hierárquica. Os resultados indicam um impacto significativo e negativo da interação Orientação para Mercado x Capacidade de Inovação na HDNP. Já a interação Orientação para Aprendizado x Capacidade de Inovação apresentou um efeito significativo e positivo sobre HDNP. Portanto, em ambientes de negócios com alto nível Inovação, a Orientação para Aprendizagem excede a importância da Orientação para Mercado no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Quando o nível de Inovação das empresas é baixa, porém, a HDNP tende a tirar proveito da Orientação para Mercado, em vez de Orientação para Aprendizagem

The impact of information technology resources on SMEs' innovation performance

This work aims to develop a research framework to examine the impact of information technology resources on the innovation performance of Saudi small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs innovation capability influences growth and technological progress (Bruque & Moyano, 2007). However, many developing countries exhibit moderate or even low innovation performance. For instance, Saudi Arabia is ranked 54th by the Global Innovation Index (GII 2011). Innovation systems studies focus on the alignment between the interactions of innovation actors with their constantly changing environment toward better innovation performance (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000). The dynamic capabilities of organisations have been highlighted as a crucial characteristic that helps to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage (Teece et al., 1997). The indirect impact IT resources on innovation performance represents an attractive research area (Benitez-Amado et al., 2010). Therefore, we argue that a closer look at Saudi SMEs information technology resources and their impact on the firm dynamic capabilities and innovation performance would make a significant contribution to existing knowledge. Areas such as the organisation strategies of developing countries, innovation management, dynamic capabilities, open innovation and strategic information systems are few examples of areas that might benefit from this work

International Entrepreneurship: An Introduction, Framework and Research Agenda

This paper provides an introduction into the field of international entrepreneurship. A definition of international entrepreneurship and associated key concepts is given and the research domain of international entrepreneurship is described. A substantial part of the international entrepreneurship literature concentrates on the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and new ventures. Based on an analysis of the existing literature the current paper provides a framework for the study of antecedents and outcomes of SME and new venture internationalization and presents a number of avenues for future research.

How Does Learning Lead to Innovativeness, Internationalization and Success of Entrepreneurial Ventures? – Evidence from China’s High Technology Industry

In this dissertation research project, we try to unravel the black box of learning by entrepreneurial ventures with two fundamental learning dimensions: learning extensity and learning ambidexterity. Learning extensity represents how extensively the entrepreneurial ventures engage in market learning, technology learning, social-network learning and cross-market learning. Learning ambidexterity represents the balance between exploitative and exploratory learning. Through an online survey, we give entrepreneurial ventures a comprehensive exam on their learning with quantified measurement. Concerning the determinants of learning characteristics, we explore a variety of task-related prior experience of the core entrepreneurial team. We found that education and work experience are the main influencers of exploitative learning; while technology experience increases exploratory learning. Interested in the consequences of learning, we examine the relationship between learning and outcome variables including product innovativeness, the degree of internationalization, customer reception and financial performance of the entrepreneurial venture. We found that market learning is the most important type of learning for this group of high technology entrepreneurial ventures, with significant positive influence on product innovativeness, customer reception, and financial performance. Technology learning enhances product innovativeness; social network learning improves customer reception; cross-market learning leads to the accelerated internationalization of the venture. We also found that higher degree of internationalization and better customer reception are associated with better financial performance. Our empirical results show that exploitative learning contributes to financial performance through enhanced customer reception; and exploratory learning contributes to financial performance through accelerated internationalization. Exploratory learning also increases product innovativeness of the entrepreneurial venture. But product innovativeness does not have a direct relationship with financial performance of the entrepreneurial venture

The effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance: a multigroup analysis comparing China, Mexico, and Spain

This article analyzes firm entrepreneurial orientation across different contexts. In the light of the existing literature on entrepreneurship and institutional theory, it departs from the hypothesis that the context in which firms operate determines the importance of each dimension comprised in the multidimensional concept of entrepreneurship orientation, thus moderating its effect of on firm performance. The sample for this study is composed of both small and medium-sized firms from three countries: China, Mexico, and Spain. In the means of testing our hypothesis and thus quantifying the moderating effect of context, a structural equation model PLS-SEM technique and, specifically, a multigroup analysis approach has been implemented. The results have led us to confirm an overall positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance regardless of firm context. However, the context of a firm certainly acts as a moderator by determining the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance. This effect is explained by the conditioning power of context over innovation, proactiveness, and risk-taking, the three main factors defining firm entrepreneurial orientation across contexts

Entrepreneurial orientation and the threat of imitation: the influence of upstream and downstream capabilities

This paper uncovers the complexity between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and performance. The paper explores the effect of the threat of imitation, which is a key external factor to explain competitive dynamics, and hence highlights effectiveness of EO. Also the paper accounts for the role of upstream (technical) and downstream (marketing) capabilities as they influence effectiveness of EO. Our results show that, under threat of imitation, downstream marketing capabilities facilitate taping into opportunities derived from EO, which positively affects performance. Conversely, available upstream technical capabilities do not aim at EO when imitation threats exist in the environment. Of importance is that we question the complexity between EO and performance can be better understood using a configurational approach

The Effect Of Service-Driven Market Orientation On Service Innovation: Literature Review And New Research Framework

The aim of this paper is to analyse the literature regarding the association between service-driven market orientation and innovation in service organizations as well as create conceptual framework about this relationship. Scholars have suggested that the service firms implementing service-driven market orientation can perform significantly better than traditional market-orientation and become increasingly aware of market demands better than their competitors. The service firms need to react quickly and effectively to changing customers’ demands. Bring in the service-driven market orientation model for service sector leads to critical advantages and particularly their benefits on service innovation. The recent work examined the market orientation-innovation relationship regarding the service industries. An examination regarding the market orientation in service organization is presented along with the conceptual framework and conceptual model is recommended

Effect of Learning Orientation on Innovation: A Mediating Role of Knowledge Competence

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of learning orientation on innovation, and knowledge competence as a mediator between learning orientation and innovation. The research collected data from 70 managers of manufacturing SMEs in Bali Province responded to the research questionnaires, and then the data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling with the partial least square approach. The results of this research show a significant and direct effect of learning orientation on innovation, learning orientation on knowledge competence, and knowledge competence on innovation. Furthermore, the results of the research show an indirect influence between learning orientation and innovation, which is mediated by knowledge competence. The findings of this research empirically show that learning orientation has a positive effect on knowledge competence, and knowledge competence has an important mediating effect to be managed to explain the mechanism by which learning orientation encourages innovation. Based on the research result, therefore, it can be concluded that this research offers empirical evidence about the relationship of learning orientation, knowledge competence and innovation. This research makes a theoretical contribution to the clarification that high learning orientation levels can increase innovation capacity. An important finding of this research is the role of learning orientation to increase innovation through the mediation of knowledge competence