Incentive based Residential Demand Aggregation

From the beginning of the twenty-first century, the electrical power industry has moved from traditional power systems toward smart grids. However, with the increasing amount of renewable energy resources integrated into the grid, there is a significant challenge in power system operation due to the intermittency and variability of the renewables. Therefore, the utilization of flexible and controllable demand-side resources to maintain power system efficiency and stability has become a fundamental goal of smart grid initiatives. Meanwhile, due to the development of communication and sensing technologies, intelligent demand-side management with automatic controls enables residential loads to participate in demand response programs. Therefore, the aggregate control of residential appliances is anticipated to be feasible technique in the near future, which will bring considerable benefits to both residential consumers and load-serving entities. Hence, this dissertation proposes a comprehensive optimal framework for incentive based residential demand aggregation. The contents of this dissertation include: 1) a hardware design of smart home energy management system, 2) a new model to assess the responsive residential demand to financial incentives, and 3) an online algorithm for scheduling residential appliances. The proposed framework is expected to generate optimal control strategies over residential appliances enrolled in incentive based DR programs in real time. To residential consumers, this framework will 1) provide easy-to-use smart energy management solution, 2) distribute financial rewards by their quantified contribution in DR events, and 3) maintain residents’ comfort-level expectations based on their energy usage preferences. To LSEs, this framework can 1) aggregate residential demand to enhance system reliability, stability and efficiency, and 2) minimize the total reward costs for executing incentive based DR programs. Since this framework benefits both load serving entities and residents, it can stimulate the potential capability of residential appliances enrolled in incentive based DR programs. Eventually, with the growing number of DR participants, this framework has the potential to be one of the most vital parts in providing effective demand-side ancillary services for the entire power system

Design and Implementation of Wireless Smart Home Energy Management System Using Rule-Based Controller

Most residential units still rely on conventional energy supplied by utilities despite the continuous growth of renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind energy systems in power distribution networks. Utilities often use time-of-use energy pricing, which increases the interest of energy consumers, such as those in commercial and residential buildings, in reducing their energy usage. Thus, this work demonstrates the design and implementation of a home energy management (HEM) system that can automatically control home appliances to reduce daily energy and electricity bill. The system consists of multiple smart sockets that can read the power consumption of an attached appliance and actuate its on/off commands. It also consists of several other supporting instruments that provide information to the main controller. The smart sockets and supporting instruments in the system wirelessly provide the necessary data to a central controller. Then, the system analyzes the data gathered from these devices to generate control commands that operate the devices attached to the smart sockets. Control actions rely on a developed online rule-based HEM scheme. The rules of the algorithm are designed such that the lifestyle of the user is preserved while the energy consumption and daily energy cost of the controlled appliances are reduced. Experimental results show that the central controller can effectively receive data and control multiple devices from up to 18 m away without loss of data on the basis of a scheduled user program code. Moreover, online adaptation of the HEM scheme confirms significant reductions in the total daily energy consumption and daily electricity bill of 23.5 kWh and $2.898, respectively. Therefore, the proposed HEM system can be remarkably useful for home owners with high daily energy consumption

Enforcement in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems

The spectrum access rights granted by the Federal government to spectrum users come with the expectation of protection from harmful interference. As a consequence of the growth of wireless demand and services of all types, technical progress enabling smart agile radio networks, and on-going spectrum management reform, there is both a need and opportunity to use and share spectrum more intensively and dynamically. A key element of any framework for managing harmful interference is the mechanism for enforcement of those rights. Since the rights to use spectrum and to protection from harmful interference vary by band (licensed/unlicensed, legacy/newly reformed) and type of use/users (primary/secondary, overlay/underlay), it is reasonable to expect that the enforcement mechanisms may need to vary as well.\ud \ud In this paper, we present a taxonomy for evaluating alternative mechanisms for enforcing interference protection for spectrum usage rights, with special attention to the potential changes that may be expected from wider deployment of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) systems. Our exploration of how the design of the enforcement regime interacts with and influences the incentives of radio operators under different rights regimes and market scenarios is intended to assist in refining thinking about appropriate access rights regimes and how best to incentivize investment and growth in more efficient and valuable uses of the radio frequency spectrum

The Critical Role of Public Charging Infrastructure

Editors: Peter Fox-Penner, PhD, Z. Justin Ren, PhD, David O. JermainA decade after the launch of the contemporary global electric vehicle (EV) market, most cities face a major challenge preparing for rising EV demand. Some cities, and the leaders who shape them, are meeting and even leading demand for EV infrastructure. This book aggregates deep, groundbreaking research in the areas of urban EV deployment for city managers, private developers, urban planners, and utilities who want to understand and lead change