Method for Reading Sensors and Controlling Actuators Using Audio Interfaces of Mobile Devices

This article presents a novel closed loop control architecture based on audio channels of several types of computing devices, such as mobile phones and tablet computers, but not restricted to them. The communication is based on an audio interface that relies on the exchange of audio tones, allowing sensors to be read and actuators to be controlled. As an application example, the presented technique is used to build a low cost mobile robot, but the system can also be used in a variety of mechatronics applications and sensor networks, where smartphones are the basic building blocks

Economically sustainable public security and emergency network exploiting a broadband communications satellite

The research contributes to work in Rapid Deployment of a National Public Security and Emergency Communications Network using Communication Satellite Broadband. Although studies in Public Security Communication networks have examined the use of communications satellite as an integral part of the Communication Infrastructure, there has not been an in-depth design analysis of an optimized regional broadband-based communication satellite in relation to the envisaged service coverage area, with little or no terrestrial last-mile telecommunications infrastructure for delivery of satellite solutions, applications and services. As such, the research provides a case study of a Nigerian Public Safety Security Communications Pilot project deployed in regions of the African continent with inadequate terrestrial last mile infrastructure and thus requiring a robust regional Communications Satellite complemented with variants of terrestrial wireless technologies to bridge the digital hiatus as a short and medium term measure apart from other strategic needs. The research not only addresses the pivotal role of a secured integrated communications Public safety network for security agencies and emergency service organizations with its potential to foster efficient information symmetry amongst their operations including during emergency and crisis management in a timely manner but demonstrates a working model of how analogue spectrum meant for Push-to-Talk (PTT) services can be re-farmed and digitalized as a “dedicated” broadband-based public communications system. The network’s sustainability can be secured by using excess capacity for the strategic commercial telecommunication needs of the state and its citizens. Utilization of scarce spectrum has been deployed for Nigeria’s Cashless policy pilot project for financial and digital inclusion. This effectively drives the universal access goals, without exclusivity, in a continent, which still remains the least wired in the world

Wireless electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.

by Leung Sze-wing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).Abstracts in English and Chinese.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.IIABSTRACT --- p.III摘要 --- p.VCONTENTS --- p.VIChapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Prevalence of Heart Diseases --- p.1Chapter 1.3 --- Importance of ECG Monitoring --- p.2Chapter 1.4 --- Wireless Electrode --- p.2Chapter 1.5 --- Analogue-to-Digital Converters --- p.3Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.4Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5Chapter 2.1 --- Telemetry --- p.5Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Definitions of ""Telemetry “" --- p.5Chapter 2.1.2 --- Advantages of Telemetry --- p.6Chapter 2.1.3 --- History of Telemetry --- p.7Chapter 2.1.4 --- Special Considerations on Telemetry System --- p.10Chapter 2.2 --- Sigma-Delta Converter --- p.12Chapter 2.2.1 --- Conventional Digitizing Circuitry --- p.12Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Single, Dual-Slope A/D Converters" --- p.13Single-Slope A/D Converter --- p.13Dual-Slope Converter --- p.75Chapter 2.2.3 --- Successive Approximation (SAR) --- p.17Chapter 2.2.4 --- Flash Converters --- p.18Chapter 2.2.5 --- Sigma-Delta Converter --- p.18Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion --- p.20Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WIRELESS ELECTRODE --- p.21Chapter 3.1 --- """Single Electrode"" Measurement" --- p.21Chapter 3.2 --- VSE (Virtual Single Electrode) --- p.21Concentric Electrode --- p.21Chapter 3.3 --- WE (Wireless Electrode) --- p.24Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.29Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTER FOR ECG SIGNALS --- p.30Chapter 4.1 --- Motivations --- p.30Chapter 4.2 --- Baseband Application --- p.31Chapter 4.2.1 --- Simulation Results --- p.31Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.48Chapter 4.3 --- Wireless Application --- p.58Chapter 4.3.1 --- General Description --- p.58Chapter 4.3.2 --- Simulation Results --- p.59Chapter 4.3.3 --- Scenario 1 (Analogue Decoding) --- p.70Chapter 4.3.4 --- Scenario II (Digital Decoding) --- p.73Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.76Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK --- p.77Chapter 5.1 --- General Conclus ion --- p.77Chapter 5.2 --- Future Work --- p.78BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.79LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.8

Advanced Radio Frequency Antennas for Modern Communication and Medical Systems

The main objective of this book is to present novel radio frequency (RF) antennas for 5G, IOT, and medical applications. The book is divided into four sections that present the main topics of radio frequency antennas. The rapid growth in development of cellular wireless communication systems over the last twenty years has resulted in most of world population owning smartphones, smart watches, I-pads, and other RF communication devices. Efficient compact wideband antennas are crucial in RF communication devices. This book presents information on planar antennas, cavity antennas, Vivaldi antennas, phased arrays, MIMO antennas, beamforming phased array reconfigurable Pabry-Perot cavity antennas, and time modulated linear array

Multi-channel GPRS-based mobile telemedicine system with bluetooth and J2ME interfaces

One of the emerging issues in m-Health is how best to exploit the mobile communications technologies that are now almost globally available. This thesis describes a multi-channel m-Health system with a Bluetooth interface based on the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). The challenge here is to produce a system to transmit a patient's biomedical signals directly to a hospital using a mobile phone on a commercial GPRS network. As greater patient mobility gradually becomes a trend in remote monitoring, the integration of medical sensors with global connectivity seems to be the next step in providing telemedicine services. The system samples signals from sensors on the patient, then transmits the incoming digital data over a Bluetooth link to a GPRS mobile phone. The system is equipped with patient user interface programs for the patient to perform the data acquisition process from the sensors. There are two programs available, one being the patient interface on a laptop while the other is the patient interface on a mobile phone. The later interface program is developed based on Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) MIDlet suite application. The system is integrated with client-server application programs to allow the monitoring and management of medical data. An application server is responsible for handling the telemedicine session and controlling the client connection request from a remote patient. All the medical data transmitted during a telemedicine session are stored in a database together with the patient information and telemedicine session details for further assessment. These data are available to clinicians as and when required, by accessing the database via browser programs. The prototype system allowed real-world mobile tests to be carried out and provide valuable insights into real user experience with m-Health systems.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Wireless Network Communications Overview for Space Mission Operations

The mission of the On-Board Wireless Working Group (WWG) is to serve as a general CCSDS focus group for intra-vehicle wireless technologies. The WWG investigates and makes recommendations pursuant to standardization of applicable wireless network protocols, ensuring the interoperability of independently developed wireless communication assets. This document presents technical background information concerning uses and applicability of wireless networking technologies for space missions. Agency-relevant driving scenarios, for which wireless network communications will provide a significant return-on-investment benefiting the participating international agencies, are used to focus the scope of the enclosed technical information

Intelligent patient bed and intensive care patients

Sairaaloiden tehohoitoyksiköissä työskentelevät sairaanhoitajat ja lääkärit joutuvat päivittäin tekemisiin potilasvuoteiden kanssa, joissa on runsaasti potilaiden valvontaan tarvittavia laitteita ja johtoja. Sängyssä makaavan potilaan irroittaminen johdoista ja johtojen uudelleenkiinnittäminen hidastaa hoitohenkilöstön työskentelyä lisäten sairaalassa tarvittavan henkilökunnan määrää ja sairaanhoitokustannuksia. Kaapelimäärän vähentäminen paitsi helpottaisi sairaalahenkilökunnan työskentelyä, se myös nopeuttaisi ja tehostaisi sairaalaan saapuvien, kriittisessä tilassa olevien potilaiden hoitoa ja vähentäisi myös hoitotapahtumiin liittyviä virheitä ja todennäköisesti jopa potilaskuolemia. Langaton potilasmonitorointi tarjoaa ratkaisun kaapelimäärän vähentämiseen. Tässä diplomityössä esitetään tämän hetken käyttökelpoisimmat tekniikat sairaalaympäristön langattomaan tiedonsiirtoon. Varteenotettavimman ratkaisun tarjoavat lyhyen kantaman langattomat tiedonsiirtoverkot, jotka hyödyntävät teknologioita kuten mm. Bluetooth, UWB ja ZigBee. Lisäksi esitellään lyhyesti keskipitkän kantaman WLAN-verkot ja pitkän kantaman WAP-pohjainen tiedonsiirto. Tämän lisäksi tässä työssä on valmisteltu "älykkään potilasvuoteen" prototyyppi. Se on langaton potilasvuode, joka monitoroi potilasseurannan tärkeimpiä parametreja, joita ovat mm. EKG, verenpaine, pulssin etenemisaika, lämpötila, hengityksen monitorointi, liikkeen monitorointi, hapettuminen, pulssioksimetria sekä hiilidioksidin osapaineen mittaus. Työssä käydään kukin edellä mainituista läpi lyhyen teoriakatsauksen muodossa. Työssä pohditaan myös langattoman tiedonsiirron vaikutusta nykysairaalateknologiaan; miten se näkyy tehohoitopotilaiden seurannassa tällä hetkellä, ja miten langattomuus tulee kehittymään tulevaisuuden sairaaloissa.The nurses and doctors working in the intensive care units of hospitals have to daily deal with patient beds that are connected to numerous cables and wires used to monitor patients. Detaching a patient who is lying in a bed with wires and then reattaching him slows down the work pace of the medical staff thus increasing the amount of staff and money needed to upkeep the hospital. Reducing the number of cables used not only eases the work of the hospital staff but also accelerates the treatment of patients arriving in the hospital, makes the treatment more effective and also apparently reduces the number of treatment errors and even patient mortality rates. Wireless patient monitoring offers a solution to reducing the number of cables used. This thesis presents the most useful present technologies for wireless data communication. Currently, short range wireless networks offer the most noteworthy solution to this problem. We shortly discuss the technologies enabling short range wireless networks to be built, such as Bluetooth, UWB and ZigBee. Also medium range wireless networks (WLAN) and long range wireless networks (WAP) are shortly discussed in this text. In addition, this work introduces the prototype of an "intelligent patient bed". It is a wireless patient bed that monitors the most important parameters of patient monitoring, which are, for example ECG, blood pressure, pulse transit time, temperature, respiratory monitoring, accelerometry, oxygenation, pulse oximetry and measurement of partial carbon pressure. The present report covers each of the parameters mentioned before in a form of a short theory representation. The report also discusses the effect wireless data communication has in modern hospital technology; how it can be seen in the study of intensive care patients and how the development of wireless technologies can be seen in future hospitals

Interaction of antenna systems with human body

The research investigates the influence on the human body on a communication system. To understand this, the effect of hands free kit (HFK) on energy absorption in the body was investigated when operating a smart phone at 2G. Findings on the research are given in the thesis report. Also, the influence of the way in which a phone is held on a phone s received power was investigated. The result was compared to that obtained using a hand phantom acquired from SPEAG. This was to check if the hand phantom best represents the human hand when using it in experiments. The setup for the experiment was in an anechoic chamber at Loughborough University. The mobile phone transmitted in the 2G system. In further experiments carried out on the body, two antennas were attached to the body in six different orientations to receive power from a source creating a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) system. The antennas used were monopoles mounted on a circular ground plane. These antennas were designed and constructed with the influence of the body taken into consideration. The use of diversity techniques to improve transmission to an on-body system is investigated with the antennas on the body. For each alignment, the transmission to the on-body was compared with the transmission to the corresponding off-body (free space). Experiments for this work were carried out in three environments

Health Technology Scenarios and Implications for Spectrum

Supporting Informatio

Antenna Designs for 5G/IoT and Space Applications

This book is intended to shed some light on recent advances in antenna design for these new emerging applications and identify further research areas in this exciting field of communications technologies. Considering the specificity of the operational environment, e.g., huge distance, moving support (satellite), huge temperature drift, small dimension with respect to the distance, etc, antennas, are the fundamental device allowing to maintain a constant interoperability between ground station and satellite, or different satellites. High gain, stable (in temperature, and time) performances, long lifecycle are some of the requirements that necessitates special attention with respect to standard designs. The chapters of this book discuss various aspects of the above-mentioned list presenting the view of the authors. Some of the contributors are working strictly in the field (space), so they have a very targeted view on the subjects, while others with a more academic background, proposes futuristic solutions. We hope that interested reader, will find a fertile source of information, that combined with their interest/background will allow efficiently exploiting the combination of these two perspectives