A LADM-based temporal cadastral information system for modelling of easement rights – A case study of Turkey

Type people to land relations are dynamic and, as a consequence, the nature of land title and cadastral data is of a dynamic nature. Land title and cadastral data are core components for a lot of property applications (e.g. taxation, valuation, mortgage). Those applications require up to date, complete and reliable data–including temporal data as in use in application forms and transactions. In this paper, the modelling of Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR) is discussed with a focus on the modelling of easement rights in a case study in Turkey. Functional requirements with respect to the characteristics of easement rights are investigated based upon interviews with professional experts in the public and private sector. Then a prototype model was built based on a simple implementation of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) RRR classes and by conforming to the national cadastral data management standards related to land registration systems. This new proposed model includes temporal cadastral attributes related to easements. This is materialised in the ‘Administrative Package’ and illustrated in the Turkey LADM country profile. We show that the LADM can be used to describe for the time dimension of cadastral information in Turkey, but that there are semantic differences, similarities and mismatches of classes and attributes between the LADM and the cadastral information system in Turkey. Proposed LADM-based model for the time dimension of cadastral information will be of immense advantage to land administrators, the governments and land users in Turkey

A Comparative Study of Cadastre 2014 and the Zimbabwean Cadastral System

The global trend in land information management over the last two decades has been to migrate from paper to computer based information systems. Notable concepts in this regard are: Cadastre 2014, Core Cadastral Domain Model, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) and subsequent related works. In Zimbabwe, although some concepts in these guidelines manifest in most recent policy documents such as the Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio-Economic Transformation (ZimAsset), there has been no deliberate effort to implement them in a holistic and structured manner. This has resulted in fragmented solutions that have failed to meet the requirements of modern land information systems. A case study approach was adopted to gather information from stakeholders working within the Department of the Surveyor General, Deeds Registry, Local Planning Authorities and also including private practitioners involved in the cadastral system. In order to document and describe the existing cadastral framework in the country, an investigation through review of the relevant scholarly articles, policy documents and government reports was carried out, followed by interviews and questionnaires targeted at the major stakeholders. The underlying concepts of the cadastral framework in terms of its operation and workflows were investigated and compared with the Cadastre 2014 conceptual framework. Results indicated that no significant strides have been made in Zimbabwe towards implementing the six statements of Cadastre 2014 and other related best practice standards. This paper is useful as background for any research that will be done on the Zimbabwean cadastre. However, currently there is some momentum towards realisation of new tenure arrangements, review of land survey records and the capturing of cadastral information in a digital environment. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of cadastral systems in the Zimbabwean context and in the world at large

All-terrain experts: Land surveyors, remote mapping and land alienation in Mendoza, Argentina

In jüngster Zeit rückte die Bedeutung von Expert_innenwissen für Landpolitik vermehrt ins Blickfeld der akademischen Debatte. Bislang wird hierbei jedoch die Rolle von Expert_innenwissen bei der Transformation von Kontrolle über, Zugang zu und Besitz von Land oftmals übersehen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, die Besonderheiten und die Bedeutung gegenwärtiger Kartographierung von Land hinsichtlich dessen Kommodifizierung durch Unternehmen und staatliche Akteur_innen herauszuarbeiten. Ich analysiere, wie remote mapping practices die Transformation von Landregimen beeinflussen. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet wie und inwieweit Landvermesser_innen und deren Kartierungspraktiken für die Katasterämter die Kommodifizierung von Land erleichtern und legitimieren und gleichzeitig de jure und de facto zur Veräußerung von Land von Kleinbäuerinnen und Kleinbauern beitragen.There has been recent growing interest in the role of expert knowledge around land politics. One area that has often been overlooked is how land-related expert knowledge has fostered the transformation of the regime of land control, access and ownership. This paper aims to capture the distinctiveness of contemporary mapping politics in relation to the commodification of land by corporate and state actors. I analyse how remote mapping practices influence the transformation of land regimes. The main research question is how and to what extent land surveyors and their cadastral mapping practices facilitate and legitimate market-led land commodification, and at the same time contribute to de jure and de facto peasant land alienation

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN LADM-BASED EXTERNAL DATA MODEL FOR LAND REGISTRY AND CADASTRE TRANSACTIONS IN TURKEY: A CASE STUDY OF TREASURY REAL PROPERTIES

The processes starting with the identification and registration of treasury properties have an essential place in the cadastral systems. Spatial data modelling studies were conducted in 2002 to establish a common standard structure on the fundamental similarities of land management systems. These studies were stated as a beginning named Core Cadastral Domain Model (CCDM), since 2006, it has been started to be made under the name of LADM. This model was accepted in 2012 as a standard model in the field of land administration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In this study, an external model class is proposed for LADM’s transactions related to Treasury’s real estates properties which are related National Property Automation Project (MEOP). In order to determine the deficiency of this current external model, databases containing records related to spatial data and property rights were examined, and the deficiencies related to transactions on treasury properties were determined. The created external class is associated with the LADM’s LA_Party, LA_RRR, LA_SpatialUnit and LA_BAUnit master classes. Herewith the standardization of the external data model is ensured. If the external model is implemented by the responsible standardization of the archiving processes will be more comfortable and faster to registe

Psycho-social factors influencing forest conservation intentions on the agricultural frontier

Remnant forest fragments are critical to conserve biological diversity yet these are lost rapidly in areas under agricultural expansion. Conservation planning and policy require a deeper understanding of the psycho-social factors influencing landholders’ intentions towards conserving forest fragments. We surveyed 89 landholders in an agricultural frontier of the South American Gran Chaco and employed survey data to test three social psychological models: the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and two modified versions of it, one integrated to the Norm Activation Theory (TPB-NAT) and one including the effect of identity (TPB-NAT-Identity). The TPB was the most parsimonious model and explained a large variance of conservation intentions (41%). Social norms and attitudes had the largest direct influence on intentions across the three models, and identity had a significant role in shaping social norms and attitudes. Interventions aimed at building social capital within landholder networks provide the best hope for influencing pro-conservation norms.Fil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zelanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gavin, Michael C.. Colorado State University; Estados Unidos. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva ZelandaFil: Laterra, Pedro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Linklater, Wayne L.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva ZelandaFil: Milfont, Taciano L.. Victoria University of Wellington; Nueva Zeland

Data Model for the Collaboration between Land Administration Systems and Agricultural Land Parcel Identification Systems

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union (EU) has dramatically changed after 1992, and from then on forward the CAP focussed on the management of direct income subsidies instead of production-based subsidies. For this purpose, Member States (MS) are expected to establish Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), including a Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) as the spatial part of IACS. Different MS have chosen different solutions for their LPIS. Currently, some MS based their IACS/LPIS on data from their Land Administration Systems (LAS), and many others use purpose built special systems for their IACS/LPIS. The issue with different IACS/LPIS is that they do not have standardized structures; rather, each represents a unique design in each MS, both in the case of LAS or special systems. In this study, we aim at designing a core data model for those IACS/LPIS based on LAS. For this purpose, we make use of the ongoing standardization initiatives for LAS (Land Administration Domain Model: LADM) and IACS/LPIS (LPIS Core Model: LCM). The data model we propose in this study implies the collaboration between LADM and LCM and includes some extensions. Some basic issues with the collaboration model are discussed within this study: registration of farmers, land use rights and farming limitations, geometry/topology, temporal data management etc. For further explanation of the model structure, sample instance level diagrams illustrating some typical situations are included. Key words: CAP, Rural Land Administration, IACS/LPIS, LADM, LCM, Standardization.JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resource

The modelling of spatial units (parcels) in the land administration domain model (LADM)

The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under development within the Technical Committee 211 (TC211) of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and identified as ISO 19152. Within the LADM classical cadastral concepts as “parcel” and “boundary” have been extended to be able to include spatial representations of overlapping tenures or claims and also multidimensional objects (3D and 2D/3D, combined with temporal dimensions). Furthermore, a series of new representations are possible apart from topologically well structured parcels (here called spatial units). Text based, sketch based, point based, line-based, polygon based, or topological based representations of spatial units are possible. The topological spatial units are defined by a consistent topological structure(with no gaps, overlaps or intersections), which is in contrast with a set of polygons, where a consistent topological structure is not guaranteed. A line-based spatial unit is represented by a collection of lines which may be collected from different sources or surveys. A point-based spatial unit contains only the coordinates of the unit’s reference point. A text based spatial unit is not represented by coordinates, but has a spatial unit description in words, e.g. the metes and bounds system (a spatial unit description in terms of distance, direction, and landmarks). All these spatial units may have a 3D representation, and a provision is made for a mixture of 2D and 3D spatial units to co-exist. A level is a collection of spatial units with a geometric or thematic coherence. The concept of level is related to the notion of “legal independence” from ‘Cadastre 2014’. This allows for the flexible introduction of spatial data from different sources and accuracies, including utility networks, buildings and other 3D spatial units, such as mining claims, or construction works. The paper explores the LADM spatial component, which is further based on ISO standards, combined with new concepts as “boundary face string” and partially unbounded primitives. Spatial profiles and the different spatial representations are used to demonstrate the flexibility of spatial representations of this domain model; for formal and non formal land administrations systems alike. The first trial implementation of the Queensland (Australia)Digital Cadastral Database (DCDB) for 2D parcel encoding using the line-based spatial profile will be discussed in detail, together with the polygon based spatial profile for the spatial units of the Portuguese land administration

Cadastral Systems Re-engineering in Urban Zimbabwe

Land is undoubtedly the most important resource in any country as it contributes to economic  development. The cadastre is a component of the land administration system (LAS) that is crucial for  managing land. It is thus of importance for a nation to have both a functional cadastral system for  determining parcel boundaries and a functional cadastral information system, for managing the land  parcels. The cadastral survey system and cadastre in Zimbabwe are largely manual with even the  lodgement of completed surveys for examination and approval still analogue. This has an impact on the  time it takes to complete a land transaction. Land can ideally drive the economy yet part of the value is  lost due to lengthy land transaction procedures. The land administration system is supposed to consist of value adding processes in which several actors interact in a workflow which creates new or transfers parcels. This workflow is associated with transaction costs, part of which can be employed for  maintenance of the cadastral information system. This article presents business processes for the land development process in Zimbabwe but focusing on City of Gweru (CoG) and City of Mutare (CoM)  municipalities as the major organisations under study. Municipalities in Zimbabwe are governed by the Regional Town and Country Planning Act, so such a single process and workflow model can fit into the cadastral information system of all municipalities in Zimbabwe with insignificant changes. The broader scope of this study is towards the design of a conceptual schema for automating the land administration system and particularly, the cadastre component, for municipalities in Zimbabwe. This study presents the workflows for the current land development system with CoG and CoM as the current focal points. Information on current automation efforts or reforms by other major municipalities to include Bulawayo, Kadoma and Kariba is also presented. The overall theme of this paper is to discuss cadastral reform through automation of cadastral processes in municipalities