Some Theoritical Considerations of English Language Teaching Curriculum Development

Teaching language in classroom at all levels in ELT curriculum sets up the main goal to learn and to teach language as to achieve discourse competence oral or written. Discourse means texts whether transactional or inter-personal written or oral. This means that students can do many types of action using language in a specific context such as in classroom, but this does not mean that they are not being taught other things out side of the classroom environment around them. The supporting competencies (linguistic, socio-culture) can include many themes and topics as presented in each subcomponents in competency. There are four steps of language learning can be applied and planned by teachers before teaching. Building knowledge of the field: guiding students to understand/elicit the main principles of the materials. Example, writing simple transactional conversation text. Modeling of the text: teachers give model of what they are doing. Teachers present an example of the transactional conversation text. Joint construction: collaborate with students while they are doing the simple conversational transactional text. Independent construction: let them do the simple conversational transactional text independently

WACANA PERCAKAPAN INTERAKSI KELAS BAHASA INDONESIA KEILMUAN PADA JURUSAN ILMU HUKUM

This study aims to describe the structure, strategy, and the interactional functions of conversation that took place during the teaching and learning process of Indonesian for Academic Purposes at the Department of Legal Study, Universitas Wisnuwardhana Malang. This is a mono-site qualitative descriptive study. The findings showed that the classroom conversations contain three types of conversational structures (transaction, turn-taking, and move), three types of conversational strategies (initiation, negotiation, and elicitation), and four conversational functions (declaring, asking, giving commands, and expressing feelings). The use of negotiation strategy in expressing an apology and gratitude is a new phenomenon in a formal conversation

A Comparison of the Kodaly Methodology and Feierabend\u27s Conversational Solfege

This paper compares and contrasts Zoltan Kodaly\u27 s music methodology with John Feierabend\u27s Conversational Solfege. Both systems for teaching music are founded upon similar philosophies and goals and emphasize singing in the classroom. Solfege, rhythmic syllables, and movement are incorporated in both methodologies. The order in which these solfege syllables and rhythmic meters are introduced to students differs between the two methods. The reasons behind this difference are discussed in detail. Folk music, the primary musical material utilized by both methodologies, is also examined. All concepts in either the Kodaly method or Conversational Solfege progress through specific stages to ensure sequential instruction and the students* understanding. The Kodaly method utilizes three main steps: preparation, presentation, and practice. Conversational Solfege uses a twelve step process similar to the three stages found in the Kodaly method. Throughout instruction, different musical concepts may be presented at various stages in both of these philosophies. The final portion of this paper provides a year long flow chart and lesson plans for two months that address students in grade one. These plans synthesize the ideas discussed in the paper. They also select ideas from both the Kodaly method and Conversational Solfege that the author feels would be most useful in her classroom

Applying self-organised learning to develop critical thinkers for learning organisation: a conversational action research report.

The information explosion characteristic of a knowledge-based economy is fuelled by rapid technological changes. As technology continues to permeate our lives, there will be fresh demands upon the conduct of learning and teaching to ensure that learners are equipped with new economy skills and dispositions for creating significant and relevant meaning out of the large chunks of transmitted data. In the spirit of building learning organisations, this paper proposes that a two-pronged strategy of promoting self-organised learning (SoL) amongst educators and students be adopted. As an enabling framework based on social constructivism, the model of SoL, originally developed by Harri-Augstein & Thomas, is described and applied to an educational setting. For educators engaged in action research, SoL is suited as an approach for managing and reflecting upon change. The use of two such thinking tools, the Personal Learning Contract and the Purpose-Strategy-Outcome-Review (PSOR) reflective learning scaffolds are considered. For students who are now expected to learn independently in situations requiring problem-solving skills, much akin to real life contexts, this article also considers the application of Learning Plans as a conversational tool for personal project management. The authors conclude that SoL promotes skilful critical thinking through a systems thinking process of continuous reflective learning. It is proposed that these are essential qualities for citizens working in a technological age. Case study samples of the thinking tools used in this action research project are included as appendices and evaluated in this article

Co-Constructing Writing Knowledge: Students’ Collaborative Talk Across Contexts

Although compositionists recognize that student talk plays an important role in learning to write, there is limited understanding of how students use conversational moves to collaboratively build knowledge about writing across contexts. This article reports on a study of focus group conversations involving first-year students in a cohort program. Our analysis identified two patterns of group conversation among students: “co-telling” and “co-constructing,” with the latter leading to more complex writing knowledge. We also used Beaufort’s domains of writing knowledge to examine how co-constructing conversations supported students in abstracting knowledge beyond a single classroom context and in negotiating local constraints. Our findings suggest that co-constructing is a valuable process that invites students to do the necessary work of remaking their knowledge for local use. Ultimately, our analysis of the role of student conversation in the construction of writing knowledge contributes to our understanding of the myriad activities that surround transfer of learning

Podcasts as a conversational pedagogy

The use of technology such as podcasts, social networking sites, wikis, and Google docs for communicating information which supports teaching and learning in tertiary institutions is well documented (Bates, 2005). These tools have been shown to enhance traditional lectures and tutorials (Salmon, 2007). Little attention, however, has been given to the use of conversational approaches when using these tools and their potential in developing alternative pedagogical approaches to teaching. This article examines the use of a conversational style podcast in an online pre-service early childhood teacher education programme. The podcasts were initially used to disseminate information and respond to the students’ needs, however, their conversational use revealed a number of unexpected outcomes. Analysis of the podcast conversations that occurred between the two lecturers, and the student feedback to these, were used to identify unexpected outcomes for students enrolled in the programme. These included the ‘humanising’ of the e-learning environment and the sense of community that emerged. This paper argues that the affordance of conversational podcasts personalises the e-learning environment, enhances students’ and lecturers’ motivation, and engenders a greater connectedness with the university context

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BANYUMASAN CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURES

To mean what you say is sometimes problematic in daily conversation, moreover in some indigenous dialects. It requires comprehensive context to achieve the core of communication. So does in Banyumasan. Banyumasan or Banyumas dialect is a variant which is found along the flow of Serayu river. The river flows from Sindoro-Sumbing Mountains (Koentjaraningrat, 1984:23). Banyumas dialect is one of some variants of Javanese language. Banyumasan has some differences compared to standard Javanese spoken in Jogjakarta, Surakarta and Semarang. Those differences are also reflected in the characteristics of conversational implicatures found in this dialect. Conversational implicaure is a proposition that is implied by the utterance of sentence in a context even though that proposition is not a part of nor an entailment of what was actually said (Grice, 1975; Gazdar, 1979). The characteristics of conversational implicatures are calculability, cancellability, non-detachability, non-conventionality, and indeterminacy. (Grice, 1975; Levinson, 1983; Thomas, 1996; dan Cruse, 2004). A dialect has different characteristics compared to other dialects of the same language and so does the characteristic o

A Review and Assessment of Technology and Materials For English Language Teaching and Learning

As an increasing number of materials and language learning resources have become available online, English language learners of any level can easily access an unlimited number of websites and applications at the swipe of a finger. For teachers and students concerned with the quality of these online tools, being directed to websites that are trustworthy and truly educational can become a daunting task. This two-part article aims to support teachers in this challenge. In Section One, titled Website Review and Assessment for Listening Instruction , the results of a review and assessment conducted to determine the quality of readily available online resources and study materials intended for English language teaching and learning are presented. In Section Two, titled Online English Language Course Assessment, a review and assessment of an online language course suitable for either self-study or for use within the context of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom will be presented

Examination of Eco-Behavioral Assessments Designed for Understanding Complex Behaviors and Environments.

Second-generation intervention research requires methods for overcoming challenges to understanding complex learning ecologies and interactions of students. Eco-behavioral assessments (EBAs) are one solution to past intervention research challenges. EBAs record the effects of ecological variables in students’ behavior and daily interactions. The utility of EBAs in second-generation research has increased substantially. Numerous EBAs now exist for use with all ages of learners and provide a valid, reliable, and cost effective method for intervention research. This paper examines 18 EBAs as well as software systems designed to support and enhance the use of EBAs. The examination serves as a comprehensive resource to better understand how EBAs can be used in answering complex questions about students’ learning and for advancing second-generation research