Evaluation and Improvement of Pumping Well Operating Conditions in an Oil Field Block Based on Grey Correlation Analysis

The "Oil and Gas Water Well Production Data Management System Database" provides great assistance for oilfield production, monitoring, and management. However, due to the harsh conditions of oil field wells and the lack of some test data, traditional management methods are no longer suitable for present condition. At the same time, optimization analysis for a single oil well has a high cost and low efficiency, and it is difficult to achieve the modern management goal of large-scale pumping well groups. In this paper, the grey correlation method is used to analyze the direct correlation between the influencing factors and the system efficiency, surface equipment driving efficiency, and wellbore lifting efficiency, and the improvement method against factors with strong correlation is prioritized. A multi-node evaluation index system for pumping well systems and corresponding improvement methods were constructed, and evaluation software was compiled. This technology considers the running condition of the pumping unit in one oil field block, and selects the oil wells to be improved according to the evaluation index, and puts forward the targeted improvement methods according to the common problems of the oil well. This paper provides a set of reliable technical methods for the efficient management of the oil well in the oil field block

Design optimization of oilfield subsea infrastructures with manifold placement and pipeline layout

This work presents a practical and effective optimization method to design subsea production networks, which accounts for the number of manifolds and platforms, their location, well assignment to these gathering systems, and pipeline diameter. It brings a fast solution that can be easily implemented as a tool for layout design optimization and simulation-based analysis. The proposed model comprises reservoir dynamics and multiphase flow, relying on multidimensional piecewise linearization to formulate the layout design problem as a MILP. Besides design validation, reservoir simulation serves the purpose of defining boundaries for optimization variables and parameters that characterize pressure decrease, reservoir dynamics and well production over time. Pressure drop in pipelines are modeled by piecewise-linear functions that approximate multiphase flow simulators. The resulting optimization model and approximation methodology were applied to a real oilfield with the aim of assessing their effectiveness.Este trabalho apresenta um método de otimização prático e eficaz para o projeto de redes de produção submarinas em campos de petróleo offshore, o que compreende o número de coletores, sejam manifolds ou plataformas, sua localização, atribuição de poços a esses coletores e diâmetro de dutos que interligam todos os elementos da rede. Ele traz uma solução rápida que pode ser facilmente implementada como uma ferramenta para otimização de layout e de estudos baseados em simulação. O modelo proposto compreende a dinâmica do reservatório e fluxo multifásico em dutos, baseando-se na linearização multidimensional por partes para formular o problema de otimização de layout como programação inteira linear mista. Além da validação da solução ótima obtida pelo método, a simulação de reservatórios define limites para as variáveis e parâmetros do modelo que caracterizam a perda de carga, a dinâmica do reservatório e a produção de óleo dos poços ao longo do tempo. A perda de carga nas tubulações é modelada por funções lineares por partes que aproximam resultados obtidos pelos simuladores de fluxo multifásicos. O modelo de otimização foi aplicado a um verdadeiro campo de petróleo offshore com o objetivo de avaliar sua efetividade

Dynamic risk-based analysis of petroleum reservoir production systems

Petroleum reservoirs are complex process systems defined by intrinsically uncertain data and a distinct pressure gradient. The upstream sector’s assets are with huge uncertainties and high risks. Thus, the investments in these complex geologic process systems majorly suffer severe dynamic risks due to the process’ complex dynamics, process data’s temporal and spatial variabilities, and data/model’s uncertainties. Over time, the complex dynamic risks of the reservoir production system have resulted in unforeseen severe production fluctuations, total process system failures, and/or abrupt well shut-in due to uncontrollable circumstances. Hence, the need to introduce a multipurpose dynamic risk-based smart production prognostic approach to address the outlined inherent petroleum production challenges. This thesis presents dynamic risks assessment models for dynamic risks-based analysis of petroleum reservoir production systems. Different possible production scenarios are captured with the developed adaptive hybrid model with the following highlighted novel scientific contributions. Firstly, a dynamic risk-based predictive model is introduced to forecast production and capture the parameters variabilities, data and model’s uncertainties, and dynamic risks of primary recovery processes. This is followed with an introduced novel model for dynamic risks monitoring and production forecast of secondary recovery processes. A novel model is also presented to incorporate dual reservoir energy support mechanisms in production predictions and associated dynamic risks forecast under lift mechanisms. In addition, a dynamic economic risks analysis model is proposed to consider economic risk assessment of the reservoir production systems. Lastly, a dynamic risks-based smart model is proposed to capture sand face pressure enhancement influence on the reservoir production system with production pump schemes

Developing tools for determination of parameters involved in CO₂ based EOR methods

To mitigate the effects of climate change, CO₂ reduction strategies are suggested to lower anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses owing to the use of fossil fuels. Consequently, the application of CO₂ based enhanced oil recovery methods (EORs) through petroleum reservoirs turn into the hot topic among the oil and gas researchers. This thesis includes two sections. In the first section, we developed deterministic tools for determination of three parameters which are important in CO₂ injection performance including minimum miscible pressure (MMP), equilibrium ratio (Kᵢ), and a swelling factor of oil in the presence of CO₂. For this purposes, we employed two inverse based methods including gene expression programming (GEP), and least square support vector machine (LSSVM). In the second part, we developed an easy-to-use, cheap, and robust data-driven based proxy model to determine the performance of CO₂ based EOR methods. In this section, we have to determine the input parameters and perform sensitivity analysis on them. Next step is designing the simulation runs and determining the performance of CO₂ injection in terms of technical viewpoint (recovery factor, RF). Finally, using the outputs gained from reservoir simulators and applying LSSVM method, we are going to develop the data-driven based proxy model. The proxy model can be considered as an alternative model to determine the efficiency of CO₂ based EOR methods in oil reservoir when the required experimental data are not available or accessible

Downhole water loop (DWL) well completion for water coning control --- theoretical analysis

The Thesis is an analytical and numerical analysis of a new method for completing and producing oil wells affected by water coning. The method enables producing oil with no or minimal water cut while keeping the water subsurface with downhole water loop (DWL) installation. Typically, a DWL well is triple-completed in the oil and water zones with the three completions separated by parkers. The top completion produces oil to the surface while the middle and bottom completions drain from and inject into the bottom water zone, respectively. Segregated-inflow operation of DWL well requires keeping the production and drainage-injection rates below their critical values. Therefore, the theory of water coning is re-visited and examined using analytical modeling of critical height and dynamic stability of water cone. The analytical model employs transformation from anisotropic to equivalent isotropic radial flow system. Also, considered are the effects of partial penetration and capillary-pressure transition zone. The analytical model is used to determine operational domain of DWL for different well-reservoir systems. The results are then compared with data from commercial simulator and real field showing good match. Also investigated is the effect of the distance between water drainage and injection completions (D/I spacing), which is the most important design parameter for DWL wells. The results show that DWL wells could successfully work in reservoirs with relatively small aquifer as the DWL operational domain is only sensitive to small values of D/I spacing. A commercial simulator is employed to build a numerical model of DWL operations outside the segregated-inflow domain where the top completion produces oil with water. The steady demonstrates the flexibility of DWL in controlling water cut. Then, the model is used to study DWL performance with controlled water production using a modified nodal analysis approach that includes the D/I spacing constraint. The results show that DWL could improve critical oil rate and reduce water cut before and after water breakthrough, respectively. Nodal analysis is used to seek the possible production operations of DWL which would help to design the D/I spacing and decide if one or two downhole pumps were needed for the system

List of Bureau of Mines publications and articles, January 1, 1960, to December 31, 1964 with subject and author index

The Bureau of Mines was establis4ed in the public interest to conduct inquiries and scientific and technologic investigations concerning mining and the preparation, treatment, and utilization of mineral substances; to promote health and safety in the mineral industries; to conserve mineral resources and prevent their waste; to further economic development; to increase efficiency in the mining, metallurgical, quarrying, and other mineral industries; and to inquire into the economic conditions affecting these industries. The organic act of the Bureau, as amended by Congress and approved February 25, 1913, made it the province and duty of the Bureau to "disseminate information concerning these subjects 'in such manner as will best carry out the purposes of this Act.\ue2\u20ac?In accordance with that directive, the Bureau reports the findings of its research and investigations in its own series of publications and also in articles that appear in scientific, technical, and trade journals; in proceedings of conventions and seminars; in reference books; and in other non-Bureau sources. The number of these reports, the wide range of subjects they cover, and the variety of mediums in which they appear make the kind of list and index presented in this special publication both necessary and valuable. This issue describes Bureau reports and articles published during the period January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1964. It supplements the 50-year list of Bureau publications issued from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960, and the 50-year list of articles by Bureau authors published outside the Bureau from July 1, 1910, to January 1, 1960. It supersedes the annual lists of Bureau publications and articles from January 1 to December 31, 1960, from January 1 to December 31, 1961, from January 1 to December 31, 1962, and from January 1 to December 31, 1963.7The leading general and technical libraries of the United States maintain files of the Bureau's publications. A list of these libraries appears immediately following this introduction

Investigation of Low Salinity Polymer and Surfactant Flooding in Carbonate Reservoir at Reservoir Conditions

Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2020-02-28It is estimated that 40-60% of the world’s total hydrocarbon production is from carbonate rocks [1]. Carbonate rocks contain the world`s largest fields in the Middle East (i.e., Ghawar Field, Saudi Arabia). Waterflooding is a low-cost oil recovery process and is by far the most commonly applied method for improving the oil recovery and maintain pressure support to the reservoir. The composition of water was not considered as an important factor influencing the amount of oil recovered. However, during the last decade, the low salinity water injection techniques have become one of the most important studies in the oil industry because of their possible benefits for improving oil recovery compared to conventional seawater injection. Thus, extensive studies have been developed in the composition of the injected water to an emerging Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technology in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. This increased investigations on the effect of low salinity water on oil recovery [2]. However, the mechanisms for EOR in carbonates are still poorly understood. The thesis concerns experimental studies of waterflooding performance in outcrop carbonate rock material. The wettability preference of the rock was changed by aging with crude oil at elevated temperature. The thesis compares the effects and benefits of low salinity brine injection in the tertiary mode, and when combined with a surfactant and a polymer to enhance oil recovery. Also, investigation of how aging time affects oil recovery/production in spontaneous imbibition tests. During secondary mode injection of high salinity brine, the cores resulted in recovery factors of 43-79% OOIP. In the tertiary mode, varying in production was observed, which gave an incremental oil recovery of 1-11% OOIP. It was observed that the unaged cores gave the highest oil recovery compared to aged cores. Combination of low salinity and polymer injection resulted in significant increase in oil recovery (additional 7-11% OOIP). The second low salinity injection after polymer flooding resulted in an incremental oil recovery of 2-2.4 %OOIP in aged cores. Hence low salinity seems to have a good potential in Indiana Limestone outcrop.Masteroppgave i petroleumsteknologiMAMN-PETRPTEK39

Optimization-Based Energy Management for Multi-energy Maritime Grids

This open access book discusses the energy management for the multi-energy maritime grid, which is the local energy network installed in harbors, ports, ships, ferries, or vessels. The grid consists of generation, storage, and critical loads. It operates either in grid-connected or in islanding modes, under the constraints of both power system and transportation system. With full electrification, the future maritime grids, such as all-electric ships and seaport microgrids, will become “maritime multi-energy system” with the involvement of multiple energy, i.e., electrical power, fossil fuel, and heating/cooling power. With various practical cases, this book provides a cross-disciplinary view of the green and sustainable shipping via the energy management of maritime grids. In this book, the concepts and definitions of the multi-energy maritime grids are given after a comprehensive literature survey, and then the global and regional energy efficiency policies for the maritime transportation are illustrated. After that, it presents energy management methods under different scenarios for all-electric ships and electrified ports. At last, the future research roadmap are overviewed. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers, and professionals who are interested in the energy management of maritime transportation

Advances in Unconventional Oil and Gas

This book focuses on the latest progress in unconventional oil and gas (such as coalbed methane, shale gas, tight gas, heavy oil, hydrate, etc.) exploration and development, including reservoir characterization, gas origin and storage, accumulation geology, hydrocarbon generation evolution, fracturing technology, enhanced oil recovery, etc. Some new methods are proposed to improve the gas extraction in coal seams, characterize the relative permeability of reservoirs, improve the heat control effect of hydrate-bearing sediment, improve the development efficiency of heavy oil, increase fracturing effectiveness in tight reservoirs, etc