19,703 research outputs found
Bridging academia and industry: how geographic hubs connect university science and corporate technology
Innovative firms rely increasingly on academic science, yet they exploit only a
small fraction of all academic discoveries. Which discoveries in academia do firms build
upon? We posit that hubs play the role of bridges between academic science and corporate
technology. Tracking citations from patents to approximately 10 million academic articles,
we find that hubs facilitate the flow of academic science into corporate inventions in two
ways. First, hub-based discoveries in academia are of higher quality and are more applied.
Second, firmsâin particular young, innovative, science-oriented onesâpay disproportionate
attention to hub-based discoveries. We address concerns regarding unobserved heterogeneity
by confirming the role of firmsâ attention to hub-based science in a set of 147 simultaneous
discoveries. Importantly, hubs not only facilitate localized knowledge flow
but also extend the geographic reach of academic science, attracting the attention of
distant firms.http://10.0.5.7/mnsc.2019.3385Published versio
The nexus between science and industry: evidence from faculty inventions
Against the background of the so-called European paradox, i.e. the conjecture that EU countries lack the capability to transfer science into commercial innovations, knowledge transfer from academia to industry has been a central issue in policy debates recently. Based on a sample of German scientists we investigate which academic inventions are patented by a scientific assignee and which are owned by corporate entities. Our findings suggest that faculty patents assigned to corporations exhibit a higher short-term value in terms of forward citations and a higher potential to block property rights of competitors. Faculty patents assigned to academic inventors or to public research institutions, in contrast, are more complex, more basic and have stronger links to science. These results may suggest that European firms lack the absorptive capacity to identify and exploit academic inventions that are further away from market applications. --academic inventors,university-industry technology transfer,intellectual property rights
Theoretical studies of the historical development of the accounting discipline: a review and evidence
Many existing studies of the development of accounting thought have either been atheoretical or have adopted Kuhn's model of scientific growth. The limitations of this 35-year-old model are discussed. Four different general neo-Kuhnian models of scholarly knowledge development are reviewed and compared with reference to an analytical matrix. The models are found to be mutually consistent, with each focusing on a different aspect of development. A composite model is proposed. Based on a hand-crafted database, author co-citation analysis is used to map empirically the entire literature structure of the accounting discipline during two consecutive time periods, 1972â81 and 1982â90. The changing structure of the accounting literature is interpreted using the proposed composite model of scholarly knowledge development
The distorted mirror of Wikipedia: a quantitative analysis of Wikipedia coverage of academics
Activity of modern scholarship creates online footprints galore. Along with
traditional metrics of research quality, such as citation counts, online images
of researchers and institutions increasingly matter in evaluating academic
impact, decisions about grant allocation, and promotion. We examined 400
biographical Wikipedia articles on academics from four scientific fields to
test if being featured in the world's largest online encyclopedia is correlated
with higher academic notability (assessed through citation counts). We found no
statistically significant correlation between Wikipedia articles metrics
(length, number of edits, number of incoming links from other articles, etc.)
and academic notability of the mentioned researchers. We also did not find any
evidence that the scientists with better WP representation are necessarily more
prominent in their fields. In addition, we inspected the Wikipedia coverage of
notable scientists sampled from Thomson Reuters list of "highly cited
researchers". In each of the examined fields, Wikipedia failed in covering
notable scholars properly. Both findings imply that Wikipedia might be
producing an inaccurate image of academics on the front end of science. By
shedding light on how public perception of academic progress is formed, this
study alerts that a subjective element might have been introduced into the
hitherto structured system of academic evaluation.Comment: To appear in EPJ Data Science. To have the Additional Files and
Datasets e-mail the corresponding autho
The impact of one of the most highly cited university patents: formalisation and localization
Ingenio Working Paper SeriesThis paper examines the underlying mechanisms of knowledge diffusion and interrelationships between formal and informal channels attending to the localisation of spillovers between university and industry. With this aim we present a historical in-depth case study centred in one of the most highly cited university patents, developing and applying a theoretical approach that combines formalisation and localisation analytical dimensions. Our findings show how knowledge diffused through channels with different degrees of formalization (patent licenses, âpureâ spillovers and consultancy contracts with the inventors). The case also evidences the pervasive delocalization of several knowledge diffusion channels and the complexity of achieving local impact, even at a
privileged environment like California. The crucial diffusion mechanism channel stemmed from bidirectional knowledge flows between the university and a non-regional company, which provided the university with the specific fabrication capabilities needed to create an open-lab programme, which ultimately achieved local impact.Peer reviewe
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