268 research outputs found

    A Computationally Efficient algorithm to estimate the Parameters of a Two-Dimensional Chirp Model with the product term

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    Chirp signal models and their generalizations have been used to model many natural and man-made phenomena in signal processing and time series literature. In recent times, several methods have been proposed for parameter estimation of these models. These methods however are either statistically sub-optimal or computationally burdensome, specially for two dimensional (2D) chirp models. In this paper, we consider the problem of parameter estimation of 2D chirp models and propose a computationally efficient estimator and establish asymptotic theoretical properties of the proposed estimators. And the proposed estimators are observed to have the same rates of convergence as the least squares estimators (LSEs). Furthermore, the proposed estimators of chirp rate parameters are shown to be asymptotically optimal. Extensive and detailed numerical simulations are conducted, which support theoretical results of the proposed estimators

    Denoising modulo samples: k-NN regression and tightness of SDP relaxation

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    Many modern applications involve the acquisition of noisy modulo samples of a function ff, with the goal being to recover estimates of the original samples of ff. For a Lipschitz function f:[0,1]d→Rf:[0,1]^d \to \mathbb{R}, suppose we are given the samples yi=(f(xi)+ηi) mod 1;i=1,
,ny_i = (f(x_i) + \eta_i)\bmod 1; \quad i=1,\dots,n where ηi\eta_i denotes noise. Assuming ηi\eta_i are zero-mean i.i.d Gaussian's, and xix_i's form a uniform grid, we derive a two-stage algorithm that recovers estimates of the samples f(xi)f(x_i) with a uniform error rate O((log⁥nn)1d+2)O((\frac{\log n}{n})^{\frac{1}{d+2}}) holding with high probability. The first stage involves embedding the points on the unit complex circle, and obtaining denoised estimates of f(xi) mod 1f(x_i)\bmod 1 via a kkNN (nearest neighbor) estimator. The second stage involves a sequential unwrapping procedure which unwraps the denoised mod 11 estimates from the first stage. Recently, Cucuringu and Tyagi proposed an alternative way of denoising modulo 11 data which works with their representation on the unit complex circle. They formulated a smoothness regularized least squares problem on the product manifold of unit circles, where the smoothness is measured with respect to the Laplacian of a proximity graph GG involving the xix_i's. This is a nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) hence they proposed solving its semidefinite program (SDP) based relaxation. We derive sufficient conditions under which the SDP is a tight relaxation of the QCQP. Hence under these conditions, the global solution of QCQP can be obtained in polynomial time.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figure

    Optical thin film measurement by interferometric fringe projection and fluorescence stimulated emission

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    The introduction of a new technique for metrology of thin liquid films to give both the profile of the exterior surface and information on the thickness of the film is the main focus of this research. The proposed approach is based on the use of fringe projection system with a narrow band laser illumination and a high concentration of fluorescent dye dissolved in the fluid in order to generate fluorescence emission from minimum thickness of the film (i.e. the top few microns). The method relies on calculation of an interference phase term and the modulation depth of the fringes created by means of a twin fibre configuration. The characterisation of candidate fluorescent dyes in terms of absorption, related to the depth of penetration of the incident light into the dye and their fluorescence emission efficiency is presented and their application in full field imaging experiments is evaluated. A strong focus of the technique proposed is its flexibility and versatility allowing its extension to phase stepping techniques applied to determine the (fringe) phase map from static and dynamic fluids. Some experiments are carried out using the best dye solution in terms of fluorescence emission and light depth penetration. On the basis of the phase-height relationship achieved during the calibration process, the proposed measurement system is applied for the shape measurement of some static fluids. The profile of the exterior surface of these fluids is investigated by means of phasestepping technique and the resolution of the measurements is estimated. Furthermore a flow rig set-up based on inclined system (gravity assisted) is presented in order to test the shape measurement system in presence of real liquid flows. Different liquid flow thicknesses are processed and analysed. Example data will be included from some fluid films of known geometry in order to validate the method

    Auditory motivated level-crossing approach to instantaneous frequency estimation

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    Provably robust estimation of modulo 1 samples of a smooth function with applications to phase unwrapping

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    Consider an unknown smooth function f:[0,1]d→Rf: [0,1]^d \rightarrow \mathbb{R}, and say we are given nn noisy mod 1 samples of ff, i.e., yi=(f(xi)+ηi)mod  1y_i = (f(x_i) + \eta_i)\mod 1, for xi∈[0,1]dx_i \in [0,1]^d, where ηi\eta_i denotes the noise. Given the samples (xi,yi)i=1n(x_i,y_i)_{i=1}^{n}, our goal is to recover smooth, robust estimates of the clean samples f(xi) mod 1f(x_i) \bmod 1. We formulate a natural approach for solving this problem, which works with angular embeddings of the noisy mod 1 samples over the unit circle, inspired by the angular synchronization framework. This amounts to solving a smoothness regularized least-squares problem -- a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) -- where the variables are constrained to lie on the unit circle. Our approach is based on solving its relaxation, which is a trust-region sub-problem and hence solvable efficiently. We provide theoretical guarantees demonstrating its robustness to noise for adversarial, and random Gaussian and Bernoulli noise models. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first such theoretical results for this problem. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our approach via extensive numerical simulations on synthetic data, along with a simple least-squares solution for the unwrapping stage, that recovers the original samples of ff (up to a global shift). It is shown to perform well at high levels of noise, when taking as input the denoised modulo 11 samples. Finally, we also consider two other approaches for denoising the modulo 1 samples that leverage tools from Riemannian optimization on manifolds, including a Burer-Monteiro approach for a semidefinite programming relaxation of our formulation. For the two-dimensional version of the problem, which has applications in radar interferometry, we are able to solve instances of real-world data with a million sample points in under 10 seconds, on a personal laptop.Comment: 68 pages, 32 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.1021

    Advanced interferometric techniques for high resolution bathymetry

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    International audienceCurrent high-resolution side scan and multibeam sonars produce very large data sets. However, conventional interferometry-based bathymetry algorithms underestimate the potential information of such soundings, generally because they use small baselines to avoid phase ambiguity. Moreover, these algorithms limit the triangulation capabilities of multibeam echosounders to the detection of one sample per beam, i.e., the zero-phase instant. In this paper we argue that the correlation between signals plays a very important role in the exploration of a remotely observed scene. In the case of multibeam sonars, capabilities can be improved by using the interferometric signal as a continuous quantity. This allows consideration of many more useful soundings per beam and enriches understanding of the environment. To this end, continuous interferometry detection is compared here, from a statistical perspective, first with conventional interferometry-based algorithms and then with high-resolution methods, such as the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm. We demonstrate that a well-designed interferometry algorithm based on a coherence error model and an optimal array configuration permits a reduction in the number of beam formings (and therefore the computational cost) and an improvement in target detection (such as ship mooring cables or masts). A possible interferometry processing algorithm based on the complex correlation between received signals is tested on both sidescan sonars and multibeam echosounders and shows promising results for detection of small in-water targets

    Robust and Flexible Persistent Scatterer Interferometry for Long-Term and Large-Scale Displacement Monitoring

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    Die Persistent Scatterer Interferometrie (PSI) ist eine Methode zur Überwachung von Verschiebungen der ErdoberflĂ€che aus dem Weltraum. Sie basiert auf der Identifizierung und Analyse von stabilen Punktstreuern (sog. Persistent Scatterer, PS) durch die Anwendung von AnsĂ€tzen der Zeitreihenanalyse auf Stapel von SAR-Interferogrammen. PS Punkte dominieren die RĂŒckstreuung der Auflösungszellen, in denen sie sich befinden, und werden durch geringfĂŒgige Dekorrelation charakterisiert. Verschiebungen solcher PS Punkte können mit einer potenziellen Submillimetergenauigkeit ĂŒberwacht werden, wenn Störquellen effektiv minimiert werden. Im Laufe der Zeit hat sich die PSI in bestimmten Anwendungen zu einer operationellen Technologie entwickelt. Es gibt jedoch immer noch herausfordernde Anwendungen fĂŒr die Methode. Physische VerĂ€nderungen der LandoberflĂ€che und Änderungen in der Aufnahmegeometrie können dazu fĂŒhren, dass PS Punkte im Laufe der Zeit erscheinen oder verschwinden. Die Anzahl der kontinuierlich kohĂ€renten PS Punkte nimmt mit zunehmender LĂ€nge der Zeitreihen ab, wĂ€hrend die Anzahl der TPS Punkte zunimmt, die nur wĂ€hrend eines oder mehrerer getrennter Segmente der analysierten Zeitreihe kohĂ€rent sind. Daher ist es wĂŒnschenswert, die Analyse solcher TPS Punkte in die PSI zu integrieren, um ein flexibles PSI-System zu entwickeln, das in der Lage ist mit dynamischen VerĂ€nderungen der LandoberflĂ€che umzugehen und somit ein kontinuierliches Verschiebungsmonitoring ermöglicht. Eine weitere Herausforderung der PSI besteht darin, großflĂ€chiges Monitoring in Regionen mit komplexen atmosphĂ€rischen Bedingungen durchzufĂŒhren. Letztere fĂŒhren zu hoher Unsicherheit in den Verschiebungszeitreihen bei großen AbstĂ€nden zur rĂ€umlichen Referenz. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Modifikationen und Erweiterungen, die auf der Grund lage eines bestehenden PSI-Algorithmus realisiert wurden, um einen robusten und flexiblen PSI-Ansatz zu entwickeln, der mit den oben genannten Herausforderungen umgehen kann. Als erster Hauptbeitrag wird eine Methode prĂ€sentiert, die TPS Punkte vollstĂ€ndig in die PSI integriert. In Evaluierungsstudien mit echten SAR Daten wird gezeigt, dass die Integration von TPS Punkten tatsĂ€chlich die BewĂ€ltigung dynamischer VerĂ€nderungen der LandoberflĂ€che ermöglicht und mit zunehmender ZeitreihenlĂ€nge zunehmende Relevanz fĂŒr PSI-basierte Beobachtungsnetzwerke hat. Der zweite Hauptbeitrag ist die Vorstellung einer Methode zur kovarianzbasierten Referenzintegration in großflĂ€chige PSI-Anwendungen zur SchĂ€tzung von rĂ€umlich korreliertem Rauschen. Die Methode basiert auf der Abtastung des Rauschens an Referenzpixeln mit bekannten Verschiebungszeitreihen und anschließender Interpolation auf die restlichen PS Pixel unter BerĂŒcksichtigung der rĂ€umlichen Statistik des Rauschens. Es wird in einer Simulationsstudie sowie einer Studie mit realen Daten gezeigt, dass die Methode ĂŒberlegene Leistung im Vergleich zu alternativen Methoden zur Reduktion von rĂ€umlich korreliertem Rauschen in Interferogrammen mittels Referenzintegration zeigt. Die entwickelte PSI-Methode wird schließlich zur Untersuchung von Landsenkung im Vietnamesischen Teil des Mekong Deltas eingesetzt, das seit einigen Jahrzehnten von Landsenkung und verschiedenen anderen Umweltproblemen betroffen ist. Die geschĂ€tzten Landsenkungsraten zeigen eine hohe VariabilitĂ€t auf kurzen sowie großen rĂ€umlichen Skalen. Die höchsten Senkungsraten von bis zu 6 cm pro Jahr treten hauptsĂ€chlich in stĂ€dtischen Gebieten auf. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass der grĂ¶ĂŸte Teil der Landsenkung ihren Ursprung im oberflĂ€chennahen Untergrund hat. Die prĂ€sentierte Methode zur Reduzierung von rĂ€umlich korreliertem Rauschen verbessert die Ergebnisse signifikant, wenn eine angemessene rĂ€umliche Verteilung von Referenzgebieten verfĂŒgbar ist. In diesem Fall wird das Rauschen effektiv reduziert und unabhĂ€ngige Ergebnisse von zwei Interferogrammstapeln, die aus unterschiedlichen Orbits aufgenommen wurden, zeigen große Übereinstimmung. Die Integration von TPS Punkten fĂŒhrt fĂŒr die analysierte Zeitreihe von sechs Jahren zu einer deutlich grĂ¶ĂŸeren Anzahl an identifizierten TPS als PS Punkten im gesamten Untersuchungsgebiet und verbessert damit das Beobachtungsnetzwerk erheblich. Ein spezieller Anwendungsfall der TPS Integration wird vorgestellt, der auf der Clusterung von TPS Punkten basiert, die innerhalb der analysierten Zeitreihe erschienen, um neue Konstruktionen systematisch zu identifizieren und ihre anfĂ€ngliche Bewegungszeitreihen zu analysieren
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