Ubik--a framework for the development of distributed organizations

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-210).by Stephen Peter de Jong.Ph.D

QoS in IP network with the help of OMNeT++ simulation tool

Obsahem práce je seznámení se se simulačním nástrojem OMNeT++ a s jeho nadstavbou INET Framework. Na toto téma je v práci realizovaná ukázková simulace IP sítě za pomoci sady modelů INET Framework. Dále se práce zabývá rozborem možností zajištění kvality služeb v IP sítích a následnou implementací kvality služeb v prostředí simulačního nástroje OMNeT++ a jeho nadstavby INET Framework. Realizace je provedena dvěma způsoby. První je implementace diferencovaných služeb, tzv. DiffServ, za pomoci úpravy chování výstupních front. Tato úprava spočívá v tom, že datové pakety jsou řazeny do různých front na základě jejich priority. Druhý způsob ukazuje principy technologie MPLS a také funkci směrovacího protokolu OSPF. Technologie MPLS je realizovaná pomocí speciálních směrovačů s implementovaným modulem rezervačního protokolu.The content of this thesis is giving information about the network simulator OMNeT++ and its superstructure INET Framework. In this thesis a sample simulation of IP network with the help of simulation package INET Framework is realized on this theme. The thesis also deals with analysis of possibilities, how to assure quality service in IP networks and subsequently implementation quality of service in surrounding of network simulator OMNeT++ and its superstructure INET Framework. The implementation is accomplished by two methods. The first method is implementation of differential service, in other words DiffServ, with the help of change the behavior of output. This change rest in sorting of data packets to different queues by their device priority. The second method shows principles of the technology MPLS and also function code protocol OSPF. The MPLS technology is realized by special routers with implemented moduls reservation protocol.

Enabling Hyperscale Web Services

Modern web services such as social media, online messaging, web search, video streaming, and online banking often support billions of users, requiring data centers that scale to hundreds of thousands of servers, i.e., hyperscale. In fact, the world continues to expect hyperscale computing to drive more futuristic applications such as virtual reality, self-driving cars, conversational AI, and the Internet of Things. This dissertation presents technologies that will enable tomorrow’s web services to meet the world’s expectations. The key challenge in enabling hyperscale web services arises from two important trends. First, over the past few years, there has been a radical shift in hyperscale computing due to an unprecedented growth in data, users, and web service software functionality. Second, modern hardware can no longer support this growth in hyperscale trends due to a decline in hardware performance scaling. To enable this new hyperscale era, hardware architects must become more aware of hyperscale software needs and software researchers can no longer expect unlimited hardware performance scaling. In short, systems researchers can no longer follow the traditional approach of building each layer of the systems stack separately. Instead, they must rethink the synergy between the software and hardware worlds from the ground up. This dissertation establishes such a synergy to enable futuristic hyperscale web services. This dissertation bridges the software and hardware worlds, demonstrating the importance of that bridge in realizing efficient hyperscale web services via solutions that span the systems stack. The specific goal is to design software that is aware of new hardware constraints and architect hardware that efficiently supports new hyperscale software requirements. This dissertation spans two broad thrusts: (1) a software and (2) a hardware thrust to analyze the complex hyperscale design space and use insights from these analyses to design efficient cross-stack solutions for hyperscale computation. In the software thrust, this dissertation contributes uSuite, the first open-source benchmark suite of web services built with a new hyperscale software paradigm, that is used in academia and industry to study hyperscale behaviors. Next, this dissertation uses uSuite to study software threading implications in light of today’s hardware reality, identifying new insights in the age-old research area of software threading. Driven by these insights, this dissertation demonstrates how threading models must be redesigned at hyperscale by presenting an automated approach and tool, uTune, that makes intelligent run-time threading decisions. In the hardware thrust, this dissertation architects both commodity and custom hardware to efficiently support hyperscale software requirements. First, this dissertation characterizes commodity hardware’s shortcomings, revealing insights that influenced commercial CPU designs. Based on these insights, this dissertation presents an approach and tool, SoftSKU, that enables cheap commodity hardware to efficiently support new hyperscale software paradigms, improving the efficiency of real-world web services that serve billions of users, saving millions of dollars, and meaningfully reducing the global carbon footprint. This dissertation also presents a hardware-software co-design, uNotify, that redesigns commodity hardware with minimal modifications by using existing hardware mechanisms more intelligently to overcome new hyperscale overheads. Next, this dissertation characterizes how custom hardware must be designed at hyperscale, resulting in industry-academia benchmarking efforts, commercial hardware changes, and improved software development. Based on this characterization’s insights, this dissertation presents Accelerometer, an analytical model that estimates gains from hardware customization. Multiple hyperscale enterprises and hardware vendors use Accelerometer to make well-informed hardware decisions.PHDComputer Science & EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/169802/1/akshitha_1.pd