162,949 research outputs found
National Crystallography Service (NCS) Grid Service
Conference poster about the NCS Grid Service.The EPSRC funded National Crystallography Service (NCS) is a facility available to the entire UK academic Chemistry community. The EPSRC funds a team of experts and 'state of the art' instrumentation, based in Southampton University School of Chemistry, to provide this service. This is an exceptionally important service as crystal structure determination is easily the most information rich method of characterisation of a compound and many research papers cannot be published without confirmation of identity by crystal structure analysis
Data privacy by design: digital infrastructures for clinical collaborations
The clinical sciences have arguably the most stringent security demands on the adoption and roll-out of collaborative e-Infrastructure solutions such as those based upon Grid-based middleware. Experiences from the Medical Research Council (MRC) funded Virtual Organisations for Trials and Epidemiological Studies (VOTES) project and numerous other real world security driven projects at the UK e-Science National e-Science Centre (NeSC – www.nesc.ac.uk) have shown that whilst advanced Grid security and middleware solutions now offer capabilities to address many of the distributed data and security challenges in the clinical domain, the real clinical world as typified by organizations such as the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK are extremely wary of adoption of such technologies: firewalls; ethics; information governance, software validation, and the actual realities of existing infrastructures need to be considered from the outset. Based on these experiences we present a novel data linkage and anonymisation infrastructure that has been developed with close co-operation of the various stakeholders in the clinical domain (including the NHS) that addresses their concerns and satisfies the needs of the academic clinical research community. We demonstrate the implementation of this infrastructure through a representative clinical study on chronic diseases in Scotland
Legacy code support for production grids
In order to improve reliability and to deal with the high complexity of existing middleware solutions, today's production Grid systems restrict the services to be deployed on their resources. On the other hand end-users require a wide range of value added services to fully utilize these resources. This paper describes a solution how legacy code support is offered as third party service for production Grids. The introduced solution, based on the Grid Execution Management for Legacy Code Architecture (GEMLCA), do not require the deployment of additional applications on the Grid resources, or any extra effort from Grid system administrators. The implemented solution was successfully connected to and demonstrated on the UK National Grid Service. © 2005 IEEE
Battery SOC management strategy for enhanced frequency response and day-ahead energy scheduling of BESS for energy arbitrage
The electricity system has to balance demand and supply every second, a task that is becoming evermore challenging due to the increased penetration of renewable energy sources and subsequent inertial levels. In the UK, a number of grid frequency support services are available, which are developed to provide a real-time response to changes in the grid frequency. The National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET) - the primary electricity transmission network operator in the UK - has introduced a new faster frequency response service, called the Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), which requires a response time of under one second. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are ideal choice for delivering such a service. In this paper a control algorithm is presented which supplies a charge/discharge power output with respect to deviations in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate limits imposed by NGET, whilst managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS to maximise the utilisation of the available energy capacity. Using the real UK market clearing prices, a forecasted battery state of charge (SOC) management strategy has been also developed to deliver EFR service whilst scheduling throughout the day for energy arbitrage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers an EFR service within the specification whilst generating arbitrage revenue. A comparative study is also presented to compare the yearly arbitrage revenue obtained from the model of the Willenhall and an experimental Leighton Buzzard battery storage system. Simulation results on a 2MW/1MWh lithium-titanate BESS are provided to verify the proposed algorithm based on the control of an experimentally validated battery model
The feed-in tariff in the UK : a case study focus on domestic photovoltaic systems
This paper explores the photovoltaic (PV) industry in the United Kingdom (UK) as experienced by those who are working with it directly and with consideration of current standards, module efficiencies and future environmental trends. The government's consultation on the comprehensive review for solar PV tariffs, proposes a reduction of the generation tariff for PV installations in the UK of more than 50%. The introduction of the Feed-In Tariffs scheme (FITs) has rapidly increased deployment of PV technologies at small scale since its introduction in April 2010. The central principle of FIT policies is to offer guaranteed prices for fixed periods to enable greater number of investors. A financial analysis was performed on two real-life installations in Cornwall, UK to determine the impact of proposed cuts to the FIT will make to a typical domestic PV system under 4 kW. The results show that a healthy Return on Investment (ROI) can still be made but that future installations should focus on off-setting electricity required from the national grid as a long term push for true sustainability rather than subsidised schemes. The profitability of future installations will have to be featured within in-service and end-of-service considerations such as the feed-in tariff, module efficiencies and the implications of costs associated with end-of-life disposal
A Battery Energy Management Strategy for UK Enhanced Frequency Response
Balancing the grid at 50 Hz requires managing
many distributed generation sources against a varying load, which
is becoming an increasingly challenging task due to the increased
penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar
and loss of traditional generation which provide inertia to the
system. In the UK, various frequency support services are
available, which are developed to provide a real-time response to
changes in the grid frequency. The National Grid (NG) – the main
distribution network operator in the UK – have introduced a new
and fast service called the Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR),
which requires a response time of under one second. A battery
energy storage system (BESS) is a suitable candidate for delivering
such service. Therefore, in this paper a control algorithm is
developed to provide a charge/discharge power output with
respect to deviations in the grid frequency and the ramp-rate
limits imposed by the NG, whilst managing the state-of-charge
(SOC) of the BESS for an optimised utilisation of the available
stored energy. Simulation results on a 2 MW/1 MWh lithiumtitanate
BESS are provided to verify the proposed algorithm based
on the control of an experimentally validated battery model
Control Analysis for Grid Tied Battery Energy Storage System for SOC and SOH Management
Frequency regulation is an important part of grid ancillary services in the UK power system to mitigate the impacts of variable energy resources and uncertainty of load on system frequency. The National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET), the primary electricity transmission network operator in the UK, is introduced various frequency response services such as firm frequency response (FFR) and the new fast enhanced frequency response (EFR), which are designed to provide real-time response to deviations in the grid frequency. Flexible and fast response capabilities of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) make them an ideal choice to provide grid frequency regulation. This thesis presents control algorithms for a BESS to deliver a charge/discharge power output in response to deviations in the grid frequency with respect to the requisite service specifications, while managing the state-of-charge (SOC) of the BESS to optimize the availability of the system. Furthermore, this thesis investigates using the BESS in order to maximize triad avoidance benefit revenues while layering UK grid frequency response services. Using historical UK electricity prices, a balancing service scheduling approach is introduced to maximize energy arbitrage revenue by layering different types of grid balancing services, including EFR and FFR, throughout the day. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers both dynamic and non-dynamic FFR and also EFR to NGET required service specifications while generating arbitrage revenue as well as service availability payments in the balancing market. In this thesis, a new fast cycle counting method (CCM) considering the effect of current rate (C-rate), SOC and depth-of-discharge (DOD) on battery lifetime for grid-tied BESS is presented. The methodology provides an approximation for the number of battery charge-discharge cycles based on historical microcyling SOC data typical of BESS frequency regulation operation. The EFR and FFR algorithms are used for analysis. The obtained historical SOC data from the analysis are then considered as an input for evaluating the proposed CCM. Utilizing the Miner Rule’s degradation analysis method, lifetime analysis based on battery cycling is also provided for a lithium-titanate (LTO) and lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) battery. The work in this thesis is supported by experimental results from the 2MW/1MWh Willenhall Energy Storage System (WESS) to validate the models and assess the accuracy of the simulation results
Development of grid frameworks for clinical trials and epidemiological studies
E-Health initiatives such as electronic clinical trials and epidemiological studies require access to and usage of a range of both clinical and other data sets. Such data sets are typically only available over many heterogeneous domains where a plethora of often legacy based or in-house/bespoke IT solutions exist. Considerable efforts and investments are being made across the UK to upgrade the IT infrastructures across the National Health Service (NHS) such as the National Program for IT in the NHS (NPFIT) [1]. However, it is the case that currently independent and largely non-interoperable IT solutions exist across hospitals, trusts, disease registries and GP practices – this includes security as well as more general compute and data infrastructures. Grid technology allows issues of distribution and heterogeneity to be overcome, however the clinical trials domain places special demands on security and data which hitherto the Grid community have not satisfactorily addressed. These challenges are often common across many studies and trials hence the development of a re-usable framework for creation and subsequent management of such infrastructures is highly desirable. In this paper we present the challenges in developing such a framework and outline initial scenarios and prototypes developed within the MRC funded Virtual Organisations for Trials and Epidemiological Studies (VOTES) project [2]
Scheduling of grid tied battery energy storage system participating in frequency response services and energy arbitrage
Battery energy storage
systems
(BESS)
are
widely used to smooth
power
fluctuations
and maintain the voltage and
frequency of the power feeder at a desired level.
T
he National Grid Electricity Transmission (NGET), the primary electricity
transmission network operator in the UK, has introduced various frequency response servic
es that are
designed
to provide a
real
-
time response to deviations in the grid frequency.
In this study
,
a
control
algorithm is
developed
which generates a
charge/discharge power output with respect to deviations in
the grid frequency and the requisite
service
specifications. Using
historical
UK electricity prices, a new
balancing
service scheduling approach
has
also been
developed to
maximize
energy
arbitrage
revenue
by layering
different types of balancing services
throughout the day
. Simulation result
s show that the
proposed algorithm delivers both dynamic and non
-
dynamic firm frequency response (FFR) and also enhanced frequency
response (EFR) to
NGET
specifications while
generating arbitrage revenue
as well as service availability payment
s
in the
balancing market. A comparative study is also presented to compare the yearly arbitrage revenue
obtained
from
the work
presented in this
paper and
a
previous
reference study
.
Finall
y, exper
imental results of
a
grid
-
tied
2MW
/1MWh
BESS
have
been used
for verification purposes
- …