ETHICS AND ENGINEERING - AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH

After short historical remarks, a general structure of an ethic theory is proposed, encompassing principles, values, priority rules between such values, basic norms, rules and rights up to customs and rules of good conduct. It is shown that every concrete moral, derived from an ethic theory may include conflicts between norms or values. Particularly such conflicts are known in the force field between technological requirements and basic norms. A principle that may help to resolve such conflicts is presented. It is expressed as the principle of conservation of the conditions for responsible behaviour. Some applications for engineering ethics are given

Symmetric and Antisymmetric Vector-valued Jack Polynomials

Polynomials with values in an irreducible module of the symmetric group can be given the structure of a module for the rational Cherednik algebra, called a standard module. This algebra has one free parameter and is generated by differential-difference ("Dunkl") operators, multiplication by coordinate functions and the group algebra. By specializing Griffeth's (arXiv:0707.0251) results for the G(r,p,n) setting, one obtains norm formulae for symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials in the standard module. Such polynomials of minimum degree have norms which involve hook-lengths and generalize the norm of the alternating polynomial.Comment: 22 pages, added remark about the Gordon-Stafford Theorem, corrected some typo

Institutional Logics: Gender and Business Creation Across GEM Countries

Building on theories of practice, cultural difference and institutional welfare regimes, we explore how gendered entrepreneurship rates are affected by both soft (values, beliefs, and expectations) and hard (institutionalized norms and practices) measures of culture. Using 2001 GEM data, we examine how institutional arrangements related to women’s employment (role of occupational segregation, gender wage inequality, female business leadership and public childcare support) interact with individual-level perceptions in ways that increase women's start-up across thirteen countries. Results suggest that gender wage inequality has a direct effect on the decision to start a business, while industry structure and the presence of childcare may influence the decision to start a business indirectly through perceptions and gender

Transformasi Budaya dan Interaksi Sosial dalam Masyarakat Adat: Dampak Masuknya Teknologi Digital

This research aims to depict the changes in values and norms within the family structure of the indigenous community of Negeri Hatusua following the introduction of smartphones and the internet. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. Previous studies have indicated that the internet and smartphones can alter values and norms within societies. This study functions as a supporting contribution to prior findings, affirming that a shift in values and norms indeed takes place within the Negeri Hatusua community during this digital era, coinciding with the penetration of smartphones and the internet. Community participants, who previously leaned towards face-to-face communication for interaction and sharing crucial information, are transforming indirect communication patterns. This shift is attributed to the availability of smartphones that facilitate indirect communication. The study provides further insights into social changes within the indigenous community concerning digital technology, focusing on shifts in social interaction and traditional values

Measuring gender norms about relationships in early adolescence : results from the global early adolescent study

Introduction: Gender norms are increasingly recognized as drivers of health and wellbeing. While early adolescence constitutes a critical window of development, there is limited understanding about how adolescents perceive gender relations across different cultural settings. This study used a mixed-method approach, grounded in the voices of young people around the world, to construct and test a cross-cultural scale assessing the perceptions of gender norms regulating romantic relationships between boys and girls in early adolescence. Methods: The study draws on the Global Early Adolescent study (GEAS), a study focusing on gender norms and health related outcomes over the course of adolescence in urban poor settings worldwide. In-depth interviews were first conducted among approximately 200 adolescents between 10-14 years in seven sites across 4 continents to identify common scripts guiding romantic relations in early adolescence. These scripts were then transformed into a multidimensional scale. The scale was tested among 120 adolescents in each of 14 GEAS sites, followed by a second pilot among 75 adolescents in six sites. We evaluated the psychometric criteria of each subscale using principal component analysis, and parallel analysis, followed by exploratory factor analysis to guide the selection of a more parsimonious set of items. Results: Results suggested a two-factor structure, consisting of an "adolescent romantic expectations" subscale and a "Sexual Double Standard" subscale. Both subscales yielded high internal validity in each site, with polychoric Cronbach alpha values above 0.70 with the exception of Kinshasa for the adolescent romantic expectations scale (0.64) and Hanoi for the sexual double standard scale (0.61). Conclusion: This study reveals common perceptions of gendered norms about romantic engagement in early adolescence, normative for both sexes, but socially valued for boys while devaluated for girls. The findings illustrate that social hierarchies of power in romantic relationships form early in adolescence, regardless of cultural setting

The basic structure of ethical norms

THIS BOOK Taking in account the ethical implications of modern science and technology on nature and human, this book highlights the importance of ethics and moral values in human life. Knowledge and values are the two indispensible aspects of meaningful life. Aided by these two means, mankind has been able to achieve constant developments throughout the history. Along the course of history, Divine guidance has been revealed for moral perfection and total reconstruction of the worldview; thus, the modern value-free progression in science and technologies invites the attention for moral research. This book is designed to provide the essential knowledge on ethics and moral values. It is a theoretical study on the basic structure of ethical norms from both Islamic tradition and modern research perspectives. The central aim of the book is to expose readers to the general framework of ethical theories and moral norms. It especially highlights the relationship between facts and values; the major classifications of ethical norms in Qur`anic perspective; meaning of descriptive and normative ethics; the major classifications of ethical theories and virtue based ethical systems

SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES OF ITALIAN-AMERICAN MAFIA AS PORTRAYED IN MARIO PUZO’S THE GODFATHER

Keywords: The Godfather, Social Norms and Values, Italian-American Mafia,Sociological ApproachSociety refers to a group of people who share common area, culture and behavior patterns. Society is a mixture of subcultures in which different societies from different parts of the world preserve their original cultures. The Godfather describes how Vito Corleone as the leader of Corleone family tries to elevate the importance of Social Norms and Values of Italian-American Mafia which are based on the traditional Italian Mafia to the members of his Mafia family.The application of Sociological approach used in this study is to figure out what are the social norms and values of Italian-American Mafia community and how important they are to the members of Mafia. Furthermore, it is used to explore the structure of Italian-American Mafia organization. The data are collected from the narration, characterization, and the dialogue of the characters. The procedure of analysis comprises of collecting data, interpreting and analyzing related object of the study in the story, and drawing the conclusion.The result of the study shows the importance of Social Norms and Values of Italian-American Mafia and the consequences for those who do not obey the rules of this community. Various punishments as a result for a member who fails to obey the rules of Mafia community are clearly described in the novel. Hopefully, a study about social norms and values can be used to help other researchers who want to analyze the sequel novel of The Godfather which is entitled The Sicilian by using the same perspective

The African Union as a security actor: African solutions to African problems?

This paper focuses on the problem-solving capacity of the African Union (AU) and its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). It forms a companion paper to WP56.2 which looks specifically at the ability of African sub-regional organisations to play their part in dealing with Africa's conflicts and security issues. Both papers examine the hypothesis that a regional hegemon, and a measure of shared values and norms, are necessary requirements for an effective regional security organisation. The paper commences with a brief account of the concept of hegemony, followed by an analysis of the empirical question as to whether there are any potential hegemons in Africa. The author goes on to analyse the OAU's record in dealing with conflict and traces the genesis of the AU, its ambitions, organisational structure and actual accomplishments in the realm of peace and security