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Deterministic Small-World Networks
Many real life networks, such as the World Wide Web, transportation systems,
biological or social networks, achieve both a strong local clustering (nodes
have many mutual neighbors) and a small diameter (maximum distance between any
two nodes). These networks have been characterized as small-world networks and
modeled by the addition of randomness to regular structures. We show that
small-world networks can be constructed in a deterministic way. This exact
approach permits a direct calculation of relevant network parameters allowing
their immediate contrast with real-world networks and avoiding complex computer
simulations.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Small-World File-Sharing Communities
Web caches, content distribution networks, peer-to-peer file sharing
networks, distributed file systems, and data grids all have in common that they
involve a community of users who generate requests for shared data. In each
case, overall system performance can be improved significantly if we can first
identify and then exploit interesting structure within a community's access
patterns. To this end, we propose a novel perspective on file sharing based on
the study of the relationships that form among users based on the files in
which they are interested.
We propose a new structure that captures common user interests in data--the
data-sharing graph-- and justify its utility with studies on three
data-distribution systems: a high-energy physics collaboration, the Web, and
the Kazaa peer-to-peer network. We find small-world patterns in the
data-sharing graphs of all three communities. We analyze these graphs and
propose some probable causes for these emergent small-world patterns. The
significance of small-world patterns is twofold: it provides a rigorous support
to intuition and, perhaps most importantly, it suggests ways to design
mechanisms that exploit these naturally emerging patterns
TU Graz: Course: 707.000 Web Science and Web Technology: Lecture 2: Small World Problem
We will discuss several examples and research efforts related to the small world problem and set the ground for our discussion of network theory and social network analysis.
Readings: An Experimental Study of the Small World Problem, J. Travers and S. Milgram Sociometry 32 425-443 (1969) [Protected Access]
Optional: The Strength of Weak Ties, M.S. Granovetter The American Journal of Sociology 78 1360--1380 (1973) [Protected Access]
Optional: Worldwide Buzz: Planetary-Scale Views on an Instant-Messaging Network, J. Leskovec and E. Horvitz MSR-TR-2006-186. Microsoft Research, June 2007. [Web Link, the most recent and comprehensive study on the subject!]
Originally from: http://kmi.tugraz.at/staff/markus/courses/SS2008/707.000_web-science
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