1,671,907 research outputs found
Two design patterns for visualising the parameter space of complex systems
A key feature of complex systems is that their behaviour can vary significantly depending on their location in parameter space. A major challenge for researchers is to understand how combinations of system parameters influence behaviour; that is, to understand the shape of parameter space. Tools for visualising the structure and dynamics of complex systems and the shape of their parameter spaces play an important role in addressing this challenge. Many of these tools are developed to address problems in specific domains. If complex systems share certain general properties that transcend their specific domain, it should be possible to share tools for understanding these systems between domains. One technique that has been proposed for achieving this is the use of design patterns
Line-Recovery by Programmable Particles
Shape formation has been recently studied in distributed systems of
programmable particles. In this paper we consider the shape recovery problem of
restoring the shape when of the particles have crashed. We focus on the
basic line shape, used as a tool for the construction of more complex
configurations.
We present a solution to the line recovery problem by the non-faulty
anonymous particles; the solution works regardless of the initial distribution
and number of faults, of the local orientations of the non-faulty
entities, and of the number of non-faulty entities activated in each round
(i.e., semi-synchronous adversarial scheduler)
Axiomatic Theories of Intermediate Phases (IP) and Ideal Stretched Exponential Relaxation (SER)
Minimalist theories of complex systems are broadly of two kinds: mean-field
and axiomatic. So far all theories of properties absent from simple systems and
intrinsic to complex systems, such as IP and SER, are axiomatic. SER is the
prototypical complex temporal property of glasses, discovered by Kohlrausch 150
years ago, and now observed almost universally in microscopically homogeneous,
complex non-equilibrium materials (strong network and fragile molecular
glasses, polymers and copolymers, even electronic glasses). The Scher-Lax trap
model (1973) is paradigmatic for electronic SER; for molecular SER Phillips
(3RCS 1995) identified two "magic" shape fractions \beta = 3/5 and 3/7, as
confirmed by many later experiments here reviewed. In the dielectric SER
frequency domain involving ion conduction, there are also special beta values
for fused salts and glasses, slightly, but distinguishably, different because
of the presence of a forcing electric field
Recommended from our members
Prototyping Large-Sized Objects Using Freeform Thick Layers of Plastic Foam
Current Rapid Prototyping systems are primarily aimed at small-sized objects containing many
shape details. In this paper a Rapid Prototyping technology is presented that is aimed at largesized objects having a complex, freeform outer shape. This new technology builds the model out
ofthick layers, each having freeform outside faces. The paper will present: an overview of current
methods to produce large prototypes, the basics of the new method, the technology used to
produce the layers, the toolpath planning and finally the overall system design.Mechanical Engineerin
Accurate determination of elastic parameters for multi-component membranes
Heterogeneities in the cell membrane due to coexisting lipid phases have been
conjectured to play a major functional role in cell signaling and membrane
trafficking. Thereby the material properties of multiphase systems, such as the
line tension and the bending moduli, are crucially involved in the kinetics and
the asymptotic behavior of phase separation. In this Letter we present a
combined analytical and experimental approach to determine the properties of
phase-separated vesicle systems. First we develop an analytical model for the
vesicle shape of weakly budded biphasic vesicles. Subsequently experimental
data on vesicle shape and membrane fluctuations are taken and compared to the
model. The combined approach allows for a reproducible and reliable
determination of the physical parameters of complex vesicle systems. The
parameters obtained set limits for the size and stability of nanodomains in the
plasma membrane of living cells.Comment: (*) authors contributed equally, 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; added
insets to figure
Multi-dimensional Density of States by Multicanonical Monte Carlo
Multi-dimensional density of states provides a useful description of complex
frustrated systems. Recent advances in Monte Carlo methods enable efficient
calculation of the density of states and related quantities, which renew the
interest in them. Here we calculate density of states on the plane (energy,
magnetization) for an Ising Model with three-spin interactions on a random
sparse network, which is a system of current interest both in physics of glassy
systems and in the theory of error-correcting codes. Multicanonical Monte Carlo
algorithm is successfully applied, and the shape of densities and its
dependence on the degree of frustration is revealed. Efficiency of
multicanonical Monte Carlo is also discussed with the shape of a projection of
the distribution simulated by the algorithm.Comment: Presented at SPDSA 2004, Hayama, Japa
Monolithic shape-programmable dielectric liquid crystal elastomer actuators
Macroscale robotic systems have demonstrated great capabilities of high
speed, precise, and agile functions. However, the ability of soft robots to
perform complex tasks, especially in centimeter and millimeter scale, remains
limited due to the unavailability of fast, energy-efficient soft actuators that
can programmably change shape. Here, we combine desirable characteristics from
two distinct active materials: fast and efficient actuation from dielectric
elastomers and facile shape programmability from liquid crystal elastomers into
a single shape changing electrical actuator. Uniaxially aligned monoliths
achieve strain rates over 120%/s with energy conversion efficiency of 20% while
moving loads over 700 times the actuator weight. The combined actuator
technology offers unprecedented opportunities towards miniaturization with
precision, efficiency, and more degrees of freedom for applications in soft
robotics and beyond
Multiscale Bone Remodelling with Spatial P Systems
Many biological phenomena are inherently multiscale, i.e. they are
characterized by interactions involving different spatial and temporal scales
simultaneously. Though several approaches have been proposed to provide
"multilayer" models, only Complex Automata, derived from Cellular Automata,
naturally embed spatial information and realize multiscaling with
well-established inter-scale integration schemas. Spatial P systems, a variant
of P systems in which a more geometric concept of space has been added, have
several characteristics in common with Cellular Automata. We propose such a
formalism as a basis to rephrase the Complex Automata multiscaling approach
and, in this perspective, provide a 2-scale Spatial P system describing bone
remodelling. The proposed model not only results to be highly faithful and
expressive in a multiscale scenario, but also highlights the need of a deep and
formal expressiveness study involving Complex Automata, Spatial P systems and
other promising multiscale approaches, such as our shape-based one already
resulted to be highly faithful.Comment: In Proceedings MeCBIC 2010, arXiv:1011.005
- …