21,084 research outputs found
Are anonymity-seekers just like everybody else? An analysis of contributions to Wikipedia from Tor
User-generated content sites routinely block contributions from users of
privacy-enhancing proxies like Tor because of a perception that proxies are a
source of vandalism, spam, and abuse. Although these blocks might be effective,
collateral damage in the form of unrealized valuable contributions from
anonymity seekers is invisible. One of the largest and most important
user-generated content sites, Wikipedia, has attempted to block contributions
from Tor users since as early as 2005. We demonstrate that these blocks have
been imperfect and that thousands of attempts to edit on Wikipedia through Tor
have been successful. We draw upon several data sources and analytical
techniques to measure and describe the history of Tor editing on Wikipedia over
time and to compare contributions from Tor users to those from other groups of
Wikipedia users. Our analysis suggests that although Tor users who slip through
Wikipedia's ban contribute content that is more likely to be reverted and to
revert others, their contributions are otherwise similar in quality to those
from other unregistered participants and to the initial contributions of
registered users.Comment: To appear in the IEEE Symposium on Security & Privacy, May 202
Automatic Mapping of NES Games with Mappy
Game maps are useful for human players, general-game-playing agents, and
data-driven procedural content generation. These maps are generally made by
hand-assembling manually-created screenshots of game levels. Besides being
tedious and error-prone, this approach requires additional effort for each new
game and level to be mapped. The results can still be hard for humans or
computational systems to make use of, privileging visual appearance over
semantic information. We describe a software system, Mappy, that produces a
good approximation of a linked map of rooms given a Nintendo Entertainment
System game program and a sequence of button inputs exploring its world. In
addition to visual maps, Mappy outputs grids of tiles (and how they change over
time), positions of non-tile objects, clusters of similar rooms that might in
fact be the same room, and a set of links between these rooms. We believe this
is a necessary step towards developing larger corpora of high-quality
semantically-annotated maps for PCG via machine learning and other
applications.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Appearing at Procedural Content Generation
Workshop 201
Evaluator-blinded trial evaluating nurse-led immunotherapy DEcision Coaching In persons with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (DECIMS) and accompanying process evaluation: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
License:Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological condition usually starting in early adulthood and regularly
leading to severe disability. Immunotherapy options are growing in number and complexity, while costs of treatments
are high and adherence rates remain low. Therefore, treatment decision-making has become more complex for patients.
Structured decision coaching, based on the principles of evidence-based patient information and shared decision-making,
has the potential to facilitate participation of individuals in the decision-making process.
This cluster randomised controlled trial follows the assumption that decision coaching by trained nurses, using
evidence-based patient information and preference elicitation, will facilitate informed choices and induce higher decision
quality, as well as better decisional adherence.
Methods/Design: The decision coaching programme will be evaluated through an evaluator-blinded superiority cluster
randomised controlled trial, including 300 patients with suspected or definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, facing
an immunotherapy decision. The clusters are 12 multiple sclerosis outpatient clinics in Germany. Further, the trial will be
accompanied by a mixed-methods process evaluation and a cost-effectiveness study.
Nurses in the intervention group will be trained in shared decision-making, coaching, and evidence-based patient
information principles. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria will receive decision coaching (intervention group) with
up to three face-to-face coaching sessions with a trained nurse (decision coach) or counselling as usual (control group).
Patients in both groups will be given access to an evidence-based online information tool.
The primary outcome is ‘informed choice’ after six months, assessed with the multi-dimensional measure of informed
choice including the sub-dimensions risk knowledge (questionnaire), attitude concerning immunotherapy (questionnaire),
and immunotherapy uptake (telephone survey). Secondary outcomes include decisional conflict, adherence to
immunotherapy decisions, autonomy preference, planned behaviour, coping self-efficacy, and perceived involvement
in coaching and decisional encounters. Safety outcomes are comprised of anxiety and depression and disease-specific
quality of life.
Discussion: This trial will assess the effectiveness of a new model of patient decision support concerning
MS-immunotherapy options. The delegation of treatment information provision from physicians to trained nurses
bears the potential to change current doctor-focused practice in Germany
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