Standard Selection Modes in Dynamic, Complex Industries: Creating Hybrids between Market Selection and Negotiated Selection of Standards

Several sectors within Information and Communication Technology demonstrate a shift from purely market-based selection of standards or purely negotiated selection of standards to hybrid selection processes, where both market competition and negotiation play a role. Negotiated standard setting processes (such as those organised by the ITU) assure interoperability of technical components and services. Private firms, however, increasingly tend to undercut these collective actions. Their innovations jump-start new developments, but also create incompatibilities, lock-in effects, and pockets of market power. Internet telephony is an example, where firms, standard setting alliances, and political institutions create a hybrid market-based / negotiated standard setting environment. The paper explores the development of this hybrid networking environment. It posits propositions which are illustrated by means of case studies of the DVD and Internet telephony.industrial organization ;

A technology reference model for client/server software development

In today's highly competitive global economy, information resources representing enterprise-wide information are essential to the survival of an organization. The development of and increase in the use of personal computers and data communication networks are supporting or, in many cases, replacing the traditional computer mainstay of corporations. The client/server model incorporates mainframe programming with desktop applications on personal computers. The aim of the research is to compile a technology model for the development of client/server software. A comprehensive overview of the individual components of the client/server system is given. The different methodologies, tools and techniques that can be used are reviewed, as well as client/server-specific design issues. The research is intended to create a road map in the form of a Technology Reference Model for Client/Server Software Development.ComputingM. Sc. (Information Systems

Designing graphical interface programming languages for the end user

This thesis sets out to answer three simple questions: What tools are available for novice programmers to program GUIs? Are those tools fulfilling their role? Can anything be done to make better tools? Despite being simple questions, the answers are not so easily constructed. In answering the first question, it was necessary to examine the range of tools available and decide upon criteria which could be used to identify tools aimed specifically at the novice programmer (there being no currently agreed criteria for their identification). Having identified these tools, it was then necessary to construct a framework within which they could be sensibly compared. The answering of the second question required an investigation of what were the successful features of current tools and which features were less successful. Success or failure of given features was determined by research in both programming language design and studies of programmer satisfaction. Having discovered what should be retained and discarded from current systems, the answering of the third question required the construction of new systems through blending elements from visual languages, program editors and fourth generation languages. These final prototypes illustrate a new way of thinking about and constructing the next generation of GUI programming languages for the novice

Mystic Microsoft : a journey of transformation in the halls of high technology

258 p. ; 23 cm.Libro ElectrónicoWhere do you go if you want to grow spiritually? A church? A monastery? India? Tibet? What about the heart of high-tech corporate multinationalism? If you’ve ever thought that God only works through formal religious or spiritual channels, think again! Mystic Microsoft demonstrates that when there’s sincerity of heart and a willingness to offer oneself into whatever Life brings, God can (and will) find a way to guide one’s inner growth in any setting. In this fascinating story, one of Microsoft’s most visible technology experts during the company’s most expansive growth phase (1988-1996) relates how the very circumstances of his career were the vehicle through which he was inwardly transformed. With insight, wit, and colorful anecdotes about life in the world’s leading software company, Kraig Brockschmidt illustrates how one’s career, such as his experience writing the Windows Calculator and his bestselling book, Inside OLE 2, can be a tremendous opportunity for spiritual growth. As he writes, “In the course of my eight and a half years with [Microsoft] I learned and experienced exactly what you would expect from direct [spiritual] training in a monastery or ashram...” Mystic Microsoft thus offers hope to those who feel that their careers are at odds with their inner aspirations and those who seek to find a deeper meaning in their worldly responsibilities.Prologue A Trend Inverted One Homecoming Two Baby Steps Three Pole Shift Four Opportunity Five Leap of Faith Six Esprit de Corps Seven A Bigger Pot Eight A Mile in Their Shoes Nine Only So High Ten Flash Flood Eleven Name, Fame, Guru Game Twelve Purpose Thirteen A Flick of the Switch Fourteen Breakthrough Fifteen Enoughonaire Sixteen Fade to Light Epilogue About the Author Inde

Parental Adherence to a Research Protocol to Investigate the Effect of the Wilbarger Therapressure ProgramTM: A Qualitative Study

Background: The Wilbarger Therapressure ProgramTM is a technique applied by parents at home for sensory overresponsivity in children. The program is anecdotally reported to be demanding on parents, which can affect parental adherence. Currently, there is an absence of high quality research to support the use of the program. This pilot study aimed at developing appropriate research protocols to investigate the effectiveness of the program on the stress response of children with sensory overresponsivity. This article reports on the second phase of the project. Method: After participating in the trial data collection protocols to investigate the effect of the intervention, five participants participated in semi-structured interviews that sought to obtain their perceptions on the data collection protocols and explore their adherence to the protocols. Results: The participants acknowledged the demanding nature of involvement in the study; however, participant adherence was high. The participants were motivated to be involved and to contribute to the intervention outcomes and the research. The participants described the aspects that influenced their adherence. Conclusion: The participants provided suggestions for future, larger studies

Proceedings of the ECSCW'95 Workshop on the Role of Version Control in CSCW Applications

The workshop entitled "The Role of Version Control in Computer Supported Cooperative Work Applications" was held on September 10, 1995 in Stockholm, Sweden in conjunction with the ECSCW'95 conference. Version control, the ability to manage relationships between successive instances of artifacts, organize those instances into meaningful structures, and support navigation and other operations on those structures, is an important problem in CSCW applications. It has long been recognized as a critical issue for inherently cooperative tasks such as software engineering, technical documentation, and authoring. The primary challenge for versioning in these areas is to support opportunistic, open-ended design processes requiring the preservation of historical perspectives in the design process, the reuse of previous designs, and the exploitation of alternative designs. The primary goal of this workshop was to bring together a diverse group of individuals interested in examining the role of versioning in Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Participation was encouraged from members of the research community currently investigating the versioning process in CSCW as well as application designers and developers who are familiar with the real-world requirements for versioning in CSCW. Both groups were represented at the workshop resulting in an exchange of ideas and information that helped to familiarize developers with the most recent research results in the area, and to provide researchers with an updated view of the needs and challenges faced by application developers. In preparing for this workshop, the organizers were able to build upon the results of their previous one entitled "The Workshop on Versioning in Hypertext" held in conjunction with the ECHT'94 conference. The following section of this report contains a summary in which the workshop organizers report the major results of the workshop. The summary is followed by a section that contains the position papers that were accepted to the workshop. The position papers provide more detailed information describing recent research efforts of the workshop participants as well as current challenges that are being encountered in the development of CSCW applications. A list of workshop participants is provided at the end of the report. The organizers would like to thank all of the participants for their contributions which were, of course, vital to the success of the workshop. We would also like to thank the ECSCW'95 conference organizers for providing a forum in which this workshop was possible

A fast method for mobile in-situ monitoring of optical properties in aquatic environments

In summary, this dissertation presents a fundamental sensor development according to newly formulated sampling theorem (Object Specific Exposure - OSE) from an ocean engineering perspective. It provides a fast method based on a service-oriented optical sensor system that allows reliable statements regarding the state of aquatic (eco-) systems (turbidity and dissolved organic carbon) with feasible sensor effort during the field measurement. The technological approach presented in this thesis helps to increase the informative value of sensor data while reducing the effort for the user.Zusammenfassend stellt diese Dissertation eine grundlegende Sensorentwicklung nach einem neu formulierten Monitoring-Theorem (Object Specific Exposure - OSE) aus meerestechnischer Sicht dar. Vorgestellt wird eine Methode, die auf Basis eines serviceorientierten optischen Sensorsystems Aussagen über den Zustand von aquatischen (Öko-) Systemen (Trübung und Gehalt gelöster organischer Verbindungen) mit geringem methodischen Sensoraufwand im Feld ermöglicht

Object access control to enable internet commerce

Object-Orientation defines components (objects) that encapsulate data and functionality. Modern 00 programming languages have features that specify the degree of encapsulation in much detail. This thesis extends the access control specification capabilities to objects and puts more emphasis on the objects of Internet commerce. A simple and flexible framework of access control is introduced based on the concept of token . A prototype implemented in Java demonstrates the feasibility of the ideas and related issues