221,603 research outputs found

    The Contingent Effect of Personal IT Innovativeness and IT Self-Efficacy on Innovative Use of Complex IT

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    While organizational investment in complex information technologies (IT) keeps growing, these technologies are often applied at a superficial level and fail to attain the promised benefits. To further extract the value potential of complex IT, this study investigates employee users’ innovate with IT (IwIT), which is a post-acceptance behavior that refers to individual users’ applying IT in novel ways to support their task performance. Drawing on the information systems continuance (ISC) model, we propose a research framework with perceived usefulness (PU) and satisfaction (SAT) as the antecedents of IwIT. We further emphasize the contingent role of personal characteristics and include personal innovativeness with IT (PIIT) and information technology self-efficacy (ITSE) as the moderators of the framework. We validate the model with data from users of two complex ITs: enterprise resource planning (ERP) and business intelligence (BI) technologies. The results suggest that positioning personal factors as moderators significantly increases the explanatory power of the ISC model and offers a more comprehensive understanding about IwIT. Specifically, ITSE positively moderates the effect of PU, and negatively moderates the effect of SAT, on IwIT. The moderating role of PIIT, however, is subject to the specific type of IT of investigation

    Ageism in the use and design of digital technology

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    Background and research objectives: Technological innovation is often described as a solution for or considered to have the potential of meeting the challenges of the ageing society, improving older persons' quality of life, well-being, and healthcare, and supporting ageing in place in a safe and independent environment. At the same time, older persons often experience ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, in the context of digital technology. Such stereotypes are omnipresent in various contexts (e.g., workforce, healthcare, and media) and can hinder active and successful ageing in a highly digitalizing reality. The main goal of this dissertation is to understand what are the manifestations of ageism in the context of digital technology and the potential role of ageism as an underlying factor that may affect the design, acceptance, and use of digital technology. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized to initiate and present a coherent and holistic outcome intending to discover paradoxes, contradictions, and new perspectives on the design, acceptance, and use of digital technology. Six studies were conducted, triangulating data from 1) different methodologies, 2) various stakeholders' perspectives (older persons, designers, researchers, and healthcare professionals) 3) and different contexts of use and design of digital technology.Main results: The triangulation of this dissertation's qualitative and quantitative findings are synthesized in a theoretical model of Ageism in the Use and Design of Digital Technology (see figure). Manifestations of ageism in the use and design of digital technology are identified throughout the different dimensions of ageism: (1) Social-psychological level of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, (2) Negative-positive valance, (3) Explicit-implicit representations, (4) and three levels of individual-micro level (self-ageism), a social-organizational meso level of inter-generational interaction, and policy and design macro level. Importantly, ageism may influence the acceptance and use of digital technology in a dynamic and iterative process of interaction between different levels and interchanging between individuals, design processes, and technological devices and services.Recommendations for future research and policy: Ageism in the use and design of digital technology is a developing field for future research, entrepreneurship, and policy. The main recommendations are to:1.Develop interventions to mitigate self-ageism, empower older persons, and reduce ageism in the design process of digital technology and intergenerational tension.2.Raise awareness and training to change the discourse on ageing and technology. 3.Promote inclusion and aim for partnership and meaningful involvement of older persons throughout the development of digital technology-related products, services, and policy. 4.Design digital technologies for versatile social, leisure, and communication needs.5.Develop methodological innovations to measure the influence of ageism on the use and design of digital technology. In particular concerning discrimination; intersectionality of digital technology, ageism, and other characteristics; and the use of data and artificial intelligence (AI).6.Ensure access to digital technology to eliminate the access divide influenced by age, education, and other characteristics

    Ageism in the use and design of digital technology

    Get PDF
    Background and research objectives: Technological innovation is often described as a solution for or considered to have the potential of meeting the challenges of the ageing society, improving older persons' quality of life, well-being, and healthcare, and supporting ageing in place in a safe and independent environment. At the same time, older persons often experience ageism, defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, in the context of digital technology. Such stereotypes are omnipresent in various contexts (e.g., workforce, healthcare, and media) and can hinder active and successful ageing in a highly digitalizing reality. The main goal of this dissertation is to understand what are the manifestations of ageism in the context of digital technology and the potential role of ageism as an underlying factor that may affect the design, acceptance, and use of digital technology. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was utilized to initiate and present a coherent and holistic outcome intending to discover paradoxes, contradictions, and new perspectives on the design, acceptance, and use of digital technology. Six studies were conducted, triangulating data from 1) different methodologies, 2) various stakeholders' perspectives (older persons, designers, researchers, and healthcare professionals) 3) and different contexts of use and design of digital technology.Main results: The triangulation of this dissertation's qualitative and quantitative findings are synthesized in a theoretical model of Ageism in the Use and Design of Digital Technology (see figure). Manifestations of ageism in the use and design of digital technology are identified throughout the different dimensions of ageism: (1) Social-psychological level of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, (2) Negative-positive valance, (3) Explicit-implicit representations, (4) and three levels of individual-micro level (self-ageism), a social-organizational meso level of inter-generational interaction, and policy and design macro level. Importantly, ageism may influence the acceptance and use of digital technology in a dynamic and iterative process of interaction between different levels and interchanging between individuals, design processes, and technological devices and services.Recommendations for future research and policy: Ageism in the use and design of digital technology is a developing field for future research, entrepreneurship, and policy. The main recommendations are to:1.Develop interventions to mitigate self-ageism, empower older persons, and reduce ageism in the design process of digital technology and intergenerational tension.2.Raise awareness and training to change the discourse on ageing and technology. 3.Promote inclusion and aim for partnership and meaningful involvement of older persons throughout the development of digital technology-related products, services, and policy. 4.Design digital technologies for versatile social, leisure, and communication needs.5.Develop methodological innovations to measure the influence of ageism on the use and design of digital technology. In particular concerning discrimination; intersectionality of digital technology, ageism, and other characteristics; and the use of data and artificial intelligence (AI).6.Ensure access to digital technology to eliminate the access divide influenced by age, education, and other characteristics

    Fuzzification of quantitative data to predict tumour size of colorectal cancer

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    Regression analysis has become more popular among researchers as a standard tool in analyzing data. This paper used fuzzy linear regression model (FLRM) to predict tumour size of colorectal cancer (CRC) data in Malaysia. 180 patients with colorectal cancer received treatment in hospital were recorded by nurses and doctors. Based on the patient records, a triangular fuzzy data will be built toward the size of the tumour. Mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) will be measured as a part of the process for predicting the size of the tumour. The degree of fitting adjusted is set between 0 and 1 in order to find the least error. It was found that the combination of FLRM model with fuzzy data provided a better prediction compared to the FLRM model alone. Hence, this study concluded that the tumour size is directly proportional to several factors such as gender, ethnic, icd 10, TNM staging, diabetes mellitus, Crohn’s disease

    Entrepreneurs'' attitude towards the computer and its effect on e-business adoption

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    This paper presents research exploring further the concept that many SMEs do not adopt computer based technologies due to decision maker's negative attitudes towards computers generally. Importantly, by assessing the entrepreneur's belief structure, we provide quantitative evidence how SMEs, particularly micros, are affected. Earlier research that addresses technology acceptance model (TAM) suggests that TAM parameters are particularly influential factors of e-commerce adoption, as perceived by top managers of SMEs. The model we develop is tested using a sample of 655 enterprises. The information was gathered, via a telephone survey of UK SMEs, from decisions makers in the enterprise. Technically, the paper uses k-means cluster analysis to segment respondents using the TAM perceptions, ease of use, usefulness and enjoyment. Based on two determined segments we look at the differential rate of adoption of internet, and the potential adoption of new e-collaborative technologies like video conferencing and electronic whiteboards. The diffusion of internet for low IT utility (LIT) segments was considerably slower than in the high utility segment (HIT). Similarly, the anticipated adoption of e-collaboration technologies was much lower for LIT than HIT. Interestingly, we find that LIT is populated by more micro SMEs than HIT. The results we present are limited however as our sample is considerably underweight in micro SMEs, suggesting that the problem may be much larger in the economy than our model predicts. For policy makers, this research confirms the value of knowledge transfer programs to SMEs in the form of technology support. Our research shows that organisations which have dedicated IT support will tend to be more advanced technologically than those that do not. The implication for entrepreneurs is if they can be persuaded that a technological route is beneficial to them, and that suitable support can be provided via KT, then operational efficiency gains could be made. This paper contributes to knowle

    A meta-analysis of relationships between organizational characteristics and IT innovation adoption in organizations

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    This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Information & Management. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2012 Elsevier B.V.Adoption of IT in organizations is influenced by a wide range of factors in technology, organization, environment, and individuals. Researchers have identified several factors that either facilitate or hinder innovation adoption. Studies have produced inconsistent and contradictory outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis of ten organizational factors to determine their relative impact and strength. We aggregated their findings to determine the magnitude and direction of the relationship between organizational factors and IT innovation adoption. We found organizational readiness to be the most significant attribute and also found a moderately significant relationship between IT adoption and IS department size. Our study found weak significance of IS infrastructure, top management support, IT expertise, resources, and organizational size on IT adoption of technology while formalization, centralization, and product champion were found to be insignificant attributes. We also examined stage of innovation, type of innovation, type of organization, and size of organization as moderator conditions affecting the relationship between the organizational variables and IT adoption

    Innovation attributes and managers' decisions about the adoption of innovations in organizations: A meta-analytical review

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    The adop­tion of in­no­va­tions has emerged as a dom­i­nant re­search topic in the man­age­ment of in­no­va­tion in or­ga­ni­za­tions, al­though in­ves­ti­ga­tions of­ten yield mixed re­sults. To help man­agers and re­searchers im­prove their ef­fec­tive­ness, the au­thors em­ployed a meta-analy­sis in­te­grated with struc­tural equa­tion mod­el­ing to an­a­lyze the as­so­ci­a­tions be­tween the at­trib­utes of in­no­va­tions, man­agers' be­hav­ioral pref­er­ences, and or­ga­ni­za­tions' in­no­va­tion adop­tion de­ci­sions in a me­di­ated-mod­er­ated frame­work. Our find­ings of­fer ev­i­dence that at­trib­utes of in­no­va­tions in­flu­ence man­agers' be­hav­ioral pref­er­ences and, con­se­quently, adop­tion de­ci­sions in or­ga­ni­za­tions. We also ob­serve the sig­nif­i­cance of the con­text in which the adop­tion de­ci­sion oc­curs as well as the re­search set­tings em­ployed by schol­ars. Fi­nally, we dis­cuss the the­o­ret­i­cal con­tri­bu­tion and prac­ti­cal im­pli­ca­tions of our meta-an­a­lyt­i­cal re­sults

    Determinant Factors of E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Developing Country: Evidence from Indonesia

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    The aim of this study is to investigate those factors that influence SMEs in developing countries in adopting e-commerce. This study is motivated by the fact that the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs, especially in developing countries, is still very far behind the adoption by large companies. Yet to be able to survive in the new economic era, which is the information era; businesses, including SMEs, are forced to adopt e-commerce. Non-adopters will be left behind by the adopters. In addition, studies regarding e-commerce adoption by SMEs are rarely found. Therefore, the results of this study provide a timely understanding of e-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing countries. The model developed in this study is based on the TOE framework. Eleven variables are proposed as the factors that influence SMEs in adopting of e-commerce. These are organized into four groups, namely: technological factors, organizational factors, environmental factors and individual factors. Based on a survey of 292 Indonesian SMEs, it was found that perceived benefits, technology readiness, owners’ innovativeness, owners’ IT ability and owners’ IT experience are the determinant factors that influence Indonesian SMEs in their adopting e-commerce
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