ANCSA Corporation Lands and the Dependent Indian Community Category of Indian Country

The demand for increased efficiency and patient-centered care has been influencing the development of healthcare in Sweden, and information technology has an important role in that process. Developing and implementing systems for public healthcare have proven to be a great challenge. One way to address this challenge is open innovation and co-creation. While there are a lot of studies focusing on innovation processes, there is little research regarding how technology is presented in the results. We have studied a co-creational workshop that focused on putting new perspectives on the use of information technology in healthcare. The workshop resulted in eight concepts which have been analyzed in terms of how technology is expressed. The results were categorized into implicit and explicit use of technology and this categorization indicates that the implicit use of technology is of the bricolage kind. By being both implicit and bricolage-like, the concepts hold qualities that make them more likely to be integrated into existing workplaces

A pilot's subjective analysis of a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI)

Both the advent of electronic displays for cockpit applications and the availability of high-capacity data transmission systems, linking aicraft with ATC ground computers, offer the opportunity of expanding the pilots' role in the distributive management process. A critical element in this process is believed to be the presentation to the pilot of his traffic situation. A representative cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI) system is presented as viewed from the pilot in the cockpit, and the research results from flight tests presented. The use of advanced controls and displays allows for presentation to the pilot, large quantities of information that he has not had before. The real challenge in the design of an operational CDTI system will be the satisfaction of needs for information and the presentation of all necessary information, only in a useable format in order to avoid clutter. Even though a reasonably large display was utilized in these tests, display clutter was the primary problem from the standpoint of information assimilation

Network analysis identifies weak and strong links in a metapopulation system

The identification of key populations shaping the structure and connectivity of metapopulation systems is a major challenge in population ecology. The use of molecular markers in the theoretical framework of population genetics has allowed great advances in this field, but the prime question of quantifying the role of each population in the system remains unresolved. Furthermore, the use and interpretation of classical methods are still bounded by the need for a priori information and underlying assumptions that are seldom respected in natural systems. Network theory was applied to map the genetic structure in a metapopulation system by using microsatellite data from populations of a threatened seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, across its whole geographical range. The network approach, free from a priori assumptions and from the usual underlying hypotheses required for the interpretation of classical analyses, allows both the straightforward characterization of hierarchical population structure and the detection of populations acting as hubs critical for relaying gene flow or sustaining the metapopulation system. This development opens perspectives in ecology and evolution in general, particularly in areas such as conservation biology and epidemiology, where targeting specific populations is crucial

Poker Cash Game: a Thermodynamic Description

Poker is one of the most popular card games, whose rational investigation represents also one of the major challenges in several scientific areas, spanning from information theory and artificial intelligence to game theory and statistical physics. In principle, several variants of Poker can be identified, although all of them make use of money to make the challenge meaningful and, moreover, can be played in two different formats: tournament and cash game. An important issue when dealing with Poker is its classification, i.e., as a `skill game' or as gambling. Nowadays, its classification still represents an open question, having a long list of implications (e.g., legal and healthcare) that vary from country to country. In this study, we analyze Poker challenges, considering the cash game format, in terms of thermodynamics systems. Notably, we propose a framework to represent a cash game Poker challenge that, although based on a simplified scenario, allows both to obtain useful information for rounders (i.e., Poker players), and to evaluate the role of Poker room in this context. Finally, starting from a model based on thermodynamics, we show the evolution of a Poker challenge, making a direct connection with the probability theory underlying its dynamics and finding that, even if we consider these games as `skill games', to take a real profit from Poker is really hard.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure. Contribute to the proceedings "Mathematical Physics: from Theory to Applications" (European Physics Press

Information Quality in Secondary Use of EHR Data : A Case Study of Quality Management in a Norwegian Hospital

The motivation for undertaking this study relates to my experiences from practice in a public hospital, where I have observed variations in reaching organizational goals of quality management informed by electronic health records (EHR) data. For example, while some departments and units have long-time traditions in meeting the quality goals that are set locally, regionally, or nationally, other departments and units struggle to meet the same quality goals. Thus, generating actionable information by reusing routinely collected EHR data does not necessary lead to action in response to the information. This process of generating information from existing EHR data, and communicating and using such information for organizational purposes, may be challenging in a highly complex environment such as health care organizations. Within this process, information quality (IQ) may influence actors’ perceptions of action possibilities the information offers, thus influencing the actual use of the information required to reach organizational goals. EHR data can be used for clinical purposes at the point-of-care (i.e., primary use) and reused for purposes that do not involve patient treatment directly (i.e., secondary use). Examples of such secondary use includes quality management, research, and policy development. Though it is widely accepted that IQ influences the use of EHR systems and the information generated by EHR systems, research on the implications of IQ on health care processes is limited: the focus of the current literature is concerned with defining and assessing IQ in primary use of EHR data, whereas the role of IQ in secondary use of EHR data remains unclear. Thus, this dissertation investigates the role of IQ in secondary use of EHR data in an organizational context. This dissertation addresses this practical and theoretical challenge by focusing on the overall research objective of understanding the role of IQ in secondary use of EHR data. To address this research objective, this dissertation explores the following research questions: RQ1. How do human actors influence in transformation of IQ while generating, communicating, and using information in secondary use of EHR data? RQ2. What are the underlying generative mechanisms through which IQ transforms in the process of secondary use of EHR data?publishedVersio

The CHiME-7 DASR Challenge: Distant Meeting Transcription with Multiple Devices in Diverse Scenarios

The CHiME challenges have played a significant role in the development and evaluation of robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. We introduce the CHiME-7 distant ASR (DASR) task, within the 7th CHiME challenge. This task comprises joint ASR and diarization in far-field settings with multiple, and possibly heterogeneous, recording devices. Different from previous challenges, we evaluate systems on 3 diverse scenarios: CHiME-6, DiPCo, and Mixer 6. The goal is for participants to devise a single system that can generalize across different array geometries and use cases with no a-priori information. Another departure from earlier CHiME iterations is that participants are allowed to use open-source pre-trained models and datasets. In this paper, we describe the challenge design, motivation, and fundamental research questions in detail. We also present the baseline system, which is fully array-topology agnostic and features multi-channel diarization, channel selection, guided source separation and a robust ASR model that leverages self-supervised speech representations (SSLR)

Trade Secret Law and Information Systems: Can Your Students Keep a Secret?

The impact of intellectual property (IP) law on information systems (IS) professionals in business cannot be overstated. The IS 2010 model curriculum guidelines for undergraduate IS programs stress the importance of information security and knowledge about IP. While copyright and patents are the most well-known types of IP, another, trade secrets, which involve confidential information generated by business to secure financial success, poses a unique challenge partly because IS professionals are often less familiar with trade secrets as a form of IP. Just as important is the crucial role IS plays in actually creating trade secrets. Information must not only be vital and proprietary but also its secrecy must be actively protected and maintained against data security challenges, including unethical behavior by disgruntled employees, corporate espionage, and inadvertent disclosure. Failure to do so results in a determination that information is not legally a protected trade secret. Unlike copyrights and patents, information cannot publically be designated as a trade secret prior to a challenge. Instead, organizations must prove the information is actually a trade secret. Critical to this proof are processes and internal systems businesses use to maintain information secrecy, which determine whether legal remedies exist if the trade secret is wrongfully divulged. This paper discusses trade secret law, methods used to secure trade secrets, and the role of IS in supporting and/or developing those methods. A class exercise provides IS students with insights into trade secret law and acceptable, ethical conduct of IS professionals who protect trade secrets

Designing digital technologies for sustainable transformations of food systems

This Special Issue focuses on exploring the latest trends in the use of information technology to cope with emerging societal transformations on the food system and its interrelations. It aims to be a starting point, especially to show what a key role designers play today in the ongoing transformation process and transition of food systems. It shows that the great challenge of digital innovation in the food sector is to re-design not only the products, but also the services and processes imposed by the ongoing digital transformation

An empirical analysis of information filtering methods

The growth in the the number of news articles, blogs, images, and videos available on the Web is making if more challenging for people to find potentially useful information People have relied on search engines to satisfy their short-term needs, such as finding the telephone number for a restaurant; however, these systems have not been designed to support long-term needs, such as the research interests of academics. One approach to supporting long-term needs is to use an Information Filtering system to select potentially useful information from the vast amount being produced everyday. The similarities between Information Retrieval systems and Information Filtering systems are well-established. They have prompted the use of retrieval models and methods in filtering systems, which has had some success but has been criticised as a limiting factor due to the unique challenges of document filtering. A significant difference between these systems is the use case: a filtering system is intended to push information to the user over a period of time, whereas a retrieval system is intended for the user to pull information to themselves for immediate use. The main challenge that needs to be addressed by a filtering system is the transient nature of the information published on the Web and the drifting nature of information needs. These factors lead to an uncertain interplay between the components comprising a filtering system and this thesis presents an empirical analysis of how the main system components affect performance. The analysis explores the role of each system component independently and in conjunction with other components. The main contribution of this thesis is a deeper understanding of how different components affect performance and the interplay between these components. The outcome of this thesis intends to act as a guide for both practitioners and researchers interested in overcoming some of the challenges of building filtering system

Reasoning about dynamic information displays

With increasing use of computing systems while on the move and in constantly changing conditions, whether it is via mobile devices, wearable computers or embedded systems in the environment, time plays an increasingly important role in interaction. The way in which information is represented in an interface is fundamental to interaction with it, and how the information is used in the users tasks and activities. Dynamic representations where the user must perceive changes in the information displayed over time pose a further challenge to the designer. Very often this information is integrated with information from the environment in the performance of the user's tasks. The diminutive size and limited display capabilities of many ubiquitous and mobile computing devices further motivate careful design of these displays. In this paper we look at how time can be taken into account when reasoning about representational issues from the early stages of design. We look at a model which can be used to reason about these issues in a structured fashion, and apply it to an example