Emerging Issues in Public Policy: The Environment, Water, and the Coast, 1977-1982

This collection, titled The Environment, Water, and the Coast, presents a selection of the Institute\u27s Public Affairs Report on these topics for 1977-1982

Emerging Issues in Public Policy: The Environment, Water, and the Coast, 1977-1982

This collection, titled The Environment, Water, and the Coast, presents a selection of the Institute\u27s Public Affairs Report on these topics for 1977-1982

Using information and communication technologies [ICT] in design for remote regions

Thesis (Ph. D. in Design and Computation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-159 (i.e. [190]-[194])).Remote design comes with significant challenges. A major barrier to designing in remote regions is the lack of communication between designers and users. As a result, the lack of information flow leads to assumptions about the community's needs- an inherent weakness in the design process. This study examines the role that mobile phones play as a mode of communication between designers of products for communities in developing countries and the users within the communities themselves, in order to provide a better sense of context and environment. This study focused on the use of a communication software called mSurvey and its ability to create accessible feedback flows, that would otherwise be difficult to achieve within remote areas. The investigation uses three case studies as examples. These case studies differ in location, design team, and distance. The first case study took place in Trinidad and Tobago and had software engineers as the design team. The second case study, in Nairobi, Kenya, consisted of architects, engineers, and Masters of Business Administration (MBAs) as the design team. The third case study, in Tanzania, consisted of a company of over 160 employees, whose job titles ranged from designers and engineers, to supply chain strategists. The findings illustrate that, although each design task was different, there are similar challenges when designing for remote regions, specifically, developing countries. The solution to some of these challenges is the increased use of mobile technologies between designers and communities.by Kenfield Allistair Griffith.Ph.D.in Design and Computatio

A history of wear and wear prevention 1700-1940

Much of the present knowledge of the processes involved in the wear of materials has been derived since the end of the Second World War. This thesis shows, however, that many of the basic concepts of wear were understood, at least empirically, prior to 1940. Factors which influenced the rate of wear of components in machines began to be investigated during the second half of the last century, and particular combinations of sliding materials were chosen to give an adequate wear life for their applications. As background, the first two chapters describe the work on sliding and rolling friction during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The third chapter present evidence which shows how the empirical understanding of wear developed up to 1940. This covers wear in both sliding and rolling contact, the relationship between wear and hardness as well as wear under abrasive conditions. The next chapter shows how the concept of the real area of contact, as opposed to the apparent area, emerged from studies of the electrical resistance between two metals in contact. With this technique, measurements of the real area of contact between surfaces under various loads were made in the late nineteen thirties. The chapter also traces the development of instruments for assessing the roughness of surfaces during the same decade. Chapters 5, 6 and 7 deal with wear prevention. Chapter 5 shows how developments in plain bearings kept pace with the duties imposed on them and describes some special forms, such as the "anti-friction" pivot and the marine thrust bearing. Data is also provided on the way in which the loads and speeds of bearings increased from 1700 to 1900. Chapter 6 deals with fluid lubrication and with the pioneering work of G.A. Hirn. Hirn's experiments were the first to demonstrate convincingly the complete separation of surfaces by a film of fluid. In chapter 7 the advances in metallurgy which enabled improved bearing metals to be made are outlined. In particular, the origins of the production of high-lead bronzes is described. These alloys proved to be highly wear resistant. Some aspects of white metals (both lead and tin based) are also described. The emphasis in the thesis is on the practical steps which were taken to mitigate the detrimental aspects of wear and to develop wear resistant materials, particularly for sliding bearings. The evidence presented shows that whilst separation of surfaces by a fluid film is the ideal means of preventing wear,in many instances lubrication conditions were far from ideal

Distributed Simulation in Industry

Csaba Attila Boer was born in Satu Mare, Romania, on 29 October, 1975. He completed his secondary education at Kölcsey Ferenc High School, in Satu Mare, in 1994. In the same year he started his higher education at Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, where he received his B.Sc. degree in Computer Science, in 1998, and his M.Sc. degree with major in Information Systems, specialization Designing and Implementing Complex Systems, in 1999. During these years, he obtained fellowships at the Eötvös Lóránd University, and at the Computer and Automation Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary within the Central European Exchange Program for University Studies (CEEPUS). Since 1999, he has been affiliated with the Computer Science Department, Faculty of Economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. There, he worked as a researcher for one year, studying the storage and retrieval of discrete event simulation models, research that resulted in three scientific articles. Between 2000 and 2004, he was associated with the same department as a Ph.D. candidate aiming to research the area of distributed simulation and its application in industry. His topic being close to the research carried out at the Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, and the BETADE research program, he started to collaborate with researchers from these groups, getting involved in two joint practical case study projects. This collaboration resulted in seven joint scientific articles, presented at various international conferences. Furthermore, Csaba has maintained international contacts with researchers from the distributed simulation area. He has been invited twice to Brunel University, London to give a presentation concerning the application of distributed simulation in industry. Currently, he is working as a simulation consultant atGedistribueerde simulatie wordt binnen de defensie in brede kring geaccepteerd en toegepast, maar het heeft in de industrie geen voet aan de grond gekregen. In dit proefschrift onderzoeken we de redenen voor dit fenomeen door te bestuderen wat de industrie verwacht op het terrein van de gedistribueerde simulatie. In het algemeen worden in de industrie simulatiemodellen ontworpen en ontwikkeld met COTS (“commercial-off-the-shelf”) simulatiepakketten. Echter, de bestaande architecturen voor gedistribueerde simulatie binnen defensie zijn niet gericht op het koppelen van modellen gebouwd met COTS simulatiepakketten. Om de industrie te motiveren gedistribueerde simulatie te accepteren en te gebruiken moet men derhalve ernaar streven het mogelijk te maken om modellen, die gebouwd zijn met deze pakketten, aan elkaar te koppelen zonder dat dat al te veel inspanning vereist van de modelbouwers. Uitgaande van een onderzoek onder experts in dit domein, stellen we in dit proefschrift een pakket van eisen voor voor het ontwerp en ontwikkelen van gedistribueerde simulatiearchitecturen dat de industriegemeenschap zal motiveren om gedistribueerde simulatie te accepteren en toe te passen. Daarnaast presenteren we een lichtgewicht architectuur voor gedistribueerde simulatie die met succes toegepast is in twee industriële projecten, en die in grote mate voldoet aan het voorgestelde pakket van eisen.While distributed simulation is widely accepted and applied in defence, it has not gathered ground yet in industry. In this thesis we investigate the reasons behind this phenomenon by surveying the expectation of industry with respect to distributed simulation solutions. Simulation models in industry are mainly designed and developed in commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) simulation packages. The existing distributed simulation architectures in defence, however, do not focus on coupling models created in COTS simulation packages. Therefore, in order to motivate the industrial community to easily accept and use distributed simulation, one should strive to couple models built in these packages. Further, coupling these models should be possible without needing too much extra effort from modellers. In this thesis, based on a survey with experts in domain, we propose a list of requirements for designing and developing distributed simulation architectures that would encourage the industrial community to accept and apply distributed simulation. Furthermore, we present a lightweight distributed simulation architecture which has been successfully applied in two industrial projects, and satisfies to a large extent the proposed requirements

The 1992 Goddard Conference on Space Applications of Artificial Intelligence

The purpose of this conference is to provide a forum in which current research and development directed at space applications of artificial intelligence can be presented and discussed. The papers fall into the following areas: planning and scheduling, control, fault monitoring/diagnosis and recovery, information management, tools, neural networks, and miscellaneous applications

Alternatives for reorganization of the natural resources planning and management process in the state of Kansas

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 M44Master of Regional and Community Plannin

The Use of Inorganic and Organic Acids as Short Duration Antimicrobial Dips on Mitigating Pathogens Present on Commercial Chicken During Peri-Harvest

With poultry being the most consumed meat in the United States, poultry processors must provide consumers with safe, wholesome products. As a consequence, poultry processors are faced with the challenge of reducing the presence of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni among raw poultry products. Though multi-hurdle approaches using antimicrobials are placed throughout processing to reduce these pathogens, Salmonella and C. jejuni still persist among raw poultry. Thus, it was the objective of the current dissertation to investigate various antimicrobials, organic and inorganic acids, as short duration dips and sprays as means to reduce common pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli) among raw chicken carcasses and parts. It was hypothesized that the use of organic and inorganic acids in poultry part dips would result in a decrease pathogen load and a positive shift in the microbiota of rinsates, thus improving the safety of raw products. Therefore, three projects were devised and executed to investigate the use of inorganic and organic acids as short duration part dips and sprays. The objective of the first study was to evaluate the efficacy of TetraClean Systems aqueous ozone, O3, in combination with PAA as an antimicrobial spray on whole chicken carcasses (Chapter 2). The second project aimed at determining the efficacy of varying concentrations of sodium bisulfate salt, SBS, alone or in combination with peracetic acid, PAA, in 15 s whole part dips (Chapter 3). The objective of the third study was to determine the influence of two antimicrobials, PAA and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), on the microbiota of chicken thighs inoculated with Salmonella and Campylobacter (Chapter 4). Overall, the data presented in the current dissertation demonstrated the potential use of novel antimicrobials as short duration dips and sprays at mitigating foodborne pathogens present on raw poultry

The relationship between technological change and economic growth in Iraq: An analysis of technology transfer in Iraq for the period 1960-1978: A Production Function Approach is used and relationships between technology transfer and economic growth identified.

In this study an attempt has been made to explore the role of technology transfer in the economic growth of Iraq, through the change in the technology itself for the period 1960-1978. For this purpose the economy was disaggregated into seven sectors. The experience of developed countries has shown that technical change is one of the most important factors of economic growth alongside, or even overshadowing, such factors as labour and capital. In the light of technology transfer, developing countries have the advantage of introducing high levels of advancement of knowledge which can be used to induce domestic technical change at later stages. Technical change is normally defined as a shift in the production function, and for this reason two forms of production function were estimated and tested, i. e. the constant elasticity of substitution and the Cobb-Douglas function. Also two specifications (constant and variable) were assigned to technical change. To validate the use of these, statistical tests were conducted to establish the optimum fit. Then the selected form was used to simulate output levels for comparison with actual figures. The techniques used for estimation are both linear and non-linear. Data used are time series in real terms of capital stock and output, as well as number of persons employed. Furthermore in order to judge the importance of technical change to the growth of output on aggregate and sectoral levels, as regards economic growth, comparisons were drawn with existing data from other developed and developing countries, including centrally planned economies