The relation between migration and FDI in the OECD from a complex network perspective

We explore the relationship between human migration and OECD’s foreign direct investment (FDI) using a gravity equation enriched with variables that account for complex network effects. Based on a panel data analysis, we find a strong positive correlation between the migration network and the FDI network, which can be mostly explained by countries’ economic/demographic sizes and geographical distance. We highlight the existence of a stronger positive FDI relationship in pairs of countries that are more central in the migration network. Both intensive and extensive forms of centrality are FDI enhancing. Illuminating this result, we show that bilateral FDI between any two countries is further affected positively by the complex web of ‘third party’ corridors/migration stocks of the international migration network (IMN). Our findings are consistent whether we consider bilateral FDI and bilateral migration figures, or we focus on the outward FDI and the respective inward migration of the OECD countries

The hub continent? Immigrant networks, emigrant diasporas and FDI

This paper studies the effects of immigrant networks on the bilateral FDI of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, and, for Italy and Spain, also of the emigrant diasporas. It analyses the effects of skilled and unskilled immigrants and of networks linked to developing and developed countries. Results show that the FDIs of the UK, Germany and France are affected by the networks of skilled immigrants, while those of Italy and Spain are prompted only by the emigrant diasporas. Networks linked to OECD and non-OECD countries have similar effectsmigration, networks, skills, diasporas, FDI

The hub continent? Immigrant networks, emigrant diasporas and FDI

This paper studies the effects of immigrant networks on the bilateral FDI of France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, and, for Italy and Spain, also of the emigrant diasporas. It analyses the effects of skilled and unskilled immigrants and of networks linked to developing and developed countries. Results show that the FDIs of the UK, Germany and France are affected by the networks of skilled immigrants, while those of Italy and Spain are prompted only by the emigrant diasporas. Networks linked to OECD and non-OECD countries have similar effectsmigration, networks, skills, diasporas, FDI

Divisions of the world according to flows and networks

This EuroBroadMap working paper presents the synthesis obtained by the work package Flows and Networks. Starting from several matrices describing the international system at different periods and from different perspectives (economical, political, financial, etc.), the aim is firstly to produce a relevant partition on a world scale and, secondly, to search if an entity that could be named Europe appears. Results obtained with different methods (dominant flows, Intramax, structural equivalence, centre/ periphery) are then compared

Globalization, brain drain and development

This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.

Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country’s human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India’s IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.brain drain, international migration, globalization

Globalization, brain drain and development

This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.

Globalization, Brain Drain and Development

This paper reviews four decades of economics research on the brain drain, with a focus on recent contributions and on development issues. We …first assess the magnitude, intensity and determinants of the brain drain, showing that brain drain (or high-skill) migration is becoming the dominant pattern of international migration and a major aspect of globalization. We then use a stylized growth model to analyze the various channels through which a brain drain affects the sending countries and review the evidence on these channels. The recent empirical literature shows that high-skill emigration need not deplete a country's human capital stock and can generate positive network externalities. Three case studies are also considered: the African medical brain drain, the recent exodus of European scientists to the United States, and the role of the Indian diaspora in the development of India's IT sector. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of the analysis for education, immigration, and international taxation policies in a global context.

International Mobility of Skilled Labour: Analytical and Empirical Issues, and Research Priorities

The international mobility of skilled labour has become a key component of the global knowledge-based economy. Rising levels of foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade, research and development (R&D), technological advances and increased demand for skilled workers seem to have all contributed to an increase in the international mobility of skilled labour. Internationally mobile individuals are often found participating in industries that are largely knowledge-based and global in scope. As a result, it has become increasingly important that the economic policy discussion surrounding the international mobility of skilled labour must take into consideration the wide variety of ways the migration of skilled labour affects the economy. Numerous drivers, policy and non-policy induced, are at work. Attention must now turn towards the links between these movements and the institutions regulating them; the performance in the trade of goods and services; FDI; human capital formation and multinational enterprises location; and income convergence among countries. This paper provides an overview of the literature on four key issues surrounding the international mobility of skilled workers, while identifying potential directions for future research. First, global trends of recent international skilled migratory flows – magnitude and their composition in terms of underlying skills/education of migrants with a focus on Canada-US migratory flows. Second, fundamental (non-policy) drivers of the increased skilled migratory flows, especially among advanced countries. Third, economic costs and benefits associated with cross-country movement of skilled labour and the main factors conditioning these costs and benefits. Fourth, how policy has adjusted or should adjust to increased skilled labour mobility in the global economy?