20 research outputs found
A STUDY ON VARIOUS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES TO KEEP PACE WITH INNOVATION
A programming language is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behaviour of a machine or to express algorithms. The earliest known programmable machine preceded the invention of the digital computer and is the automatic flute player described in the 9th century by the brothers Musa in Baghdad, "during the Islamic Golden Age". From the early 1800s, "programs" were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, and many more still are being created every year. Many programming languages require computation to be specified in an imperative form (i.e., as a sequence of operations to perform) while other languages use other forms of program specification such as the declarative form (i.e. the desired result is specified, not how to achieve it). The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document (for example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard) while other languages (such as Perl) have a dominant implementation that is treated as a reference. Some languages have both, with the basic language defined by a standard and extensions taken from the dominant implementation being common. An attempt is made in this paper to have a study on various programming languages
Decision Support Systems: Issues and Challenges; Proceedings of an International Task Force Meeting, June 23-25, 1980
This book reports on a three-day meeting on Decision Support Systems held at IIASA. IIASA's interest in sponsoring the meeting was spurred by several factors. First, the term DSS clearly is used in a wide range of contexts; we hoped to develop a deeper understanding of the term and the new field to which it refers. Second, we felt that ongoing work in the DSS field would be enhanced by interaction between professionals who had been working on such systems and people from fields that function as "resource disciplines" for DSS. Finally we wished to bring professionals from several nations together, from the east as well as the west, to share experiences and to assess the viability of the DSS concept in different cultures.
The broad objectives set for this meeting were realized in a number of ways. Virtually all the participants testified that they had gained a deeper understanding of DSS, the role it can play in asssisting managers in organizations, and the need for further development in key areas
Recommended from our members
Data semantics, data modeling, and their application to the management of geopolitical statistical data.
Data bases and data base systems related to NASA's aerospace program. A bibliography with indexes
This bibliography lists 1778 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system, 1975 through 1980
Information service problems in the less developed countries with special reference to Libya.
The literature on in-formation availability and services in the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) shows that information services in most, if not all, of these countries suffer from many problems such as the shortage of resources ajnd the scarcity of skilled and trained personnel in information and computer disciplines. Libya as one of these nations is no exception; planners and decision makers in Libya not only suffer from the non_avai1abi1ity of data needed for planning and decisionmaking, but defects such as poor and unreliable data are commonly experienced.
However, literature on information services in the LDCs is quite limited. Most of the available sources result from individual research initiative; coordinated efforts are rare and comparative reviews in different LDCs do not exist. The available literature covers only some of the LDCs; many information service problems in the LDCs may not have been identified. In addition, it is extremely likely that the countries not yet researched will have location specific information service problems.
Due to the absence of comprehensive research in the information services sector, information problems in Libya have not been identified. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to explore the information service's problems in Libya, and to draw some solutions to these problems.
Since the mid-seventies, a socio-economic system has dominated economic, life in Libya. Accordingly, during the last decade all domestic organizations and establishments are owned by the public sector. Therefore, the primary sources of the required data of this study are limited to the users of manpower data from the public sector in the country.
The findings of this study revealed that the information services sector in Libya not only suffers from many similar problems which handicap the same services in many other less developed countries, but is also impaired by some other unique problems which, so far, have not been recognized as problems in any other LDCs. The low priority and the delay of information services sector development, and the lack of utilization of the available computer facilities are examples of these unique problems.
Factors such as the shortages of resources and the lack of recognition of information importance to development by high authority personnel in many LDCs are considered as major obstacles to the information services in these countries. However, in Libya, as this study found, such factors do not cause any serious problems.
With respect to the present conditions of the information services sector in Libya, and the problems that this sector faces, the establishment of a new national body for the reorganization and the development of the Country' s information services network is needed
Missing Data in the Relational Model
This research provides improved support for missing data in the relational model and relational database systems. There is a need for a systematic method to represent and interpret missing data values in the relational model. A system that processes missing data needs to enable making reasonable decisions when some data values are unknown. The user must be able to understand query results with respect to these decisions. While a number of approaches have been suggested, none have been completely implemented in a relational database system. This research describes a missing data model that works within the relational model, is implemented in MySQL, and was validated by a user feasibility study
Web services strategy
Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.June 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-123).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Everything is connected to everything. El Aleph (1945), by Jorge Luis Borges[1] This thesis addresses the need to simplify and streamline web service network infrastructure and to identify business models that best leverage Web services technology and industry dynamics to generate positive business results. Web services have evolved from the simple page-display protocol of their origin and now reach beyond the links that simply updated web data dynamically from corporate databases, to where systems can automatically transact. These Web services represent a series of network business technology standards and capabilities that irrevocably change the way in which businesses will do business. In fact, every business today is a networked business and has opportunities to grow using Web services. This study focuses on the implementation challenges in the financial services market, specifically the On Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) sector where legacy mainframes interface with multiple tiers of distribution through proprietary EDI links. The OLTP industry operates under stringent regulatory requirements for availability and audit-ability of not only who performed what transaction, but who had access to the information about the information. In this environment organizational demands on network infrastructure including hardware, software and personnel are changing radically, while concurrently Information Technology (IT) budgets are under pressure. The strategic choices for deploying web services in this environment may contain lessons for other industries where cost effective large scale processing, high availability, security, manageability and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are paramount concerns. In this paper we use a systems dynamics model to simulate the impact of market changes on the adoption of innovative technologies and their commoditization on the industry value chain, with the aim of identifying business models and network topologies which best support the growth of an Open Systems network business. From the results of the simulation we will derive strategic recommendations for networked business models and web services integration strategies to meet Line Of Business (LOB) objectives.by Stephen B. Miles.S.M.M.O.T
Computer science: the hardware software and heart of IT
1st edition, 201