29,460 research outputs found

    A Review of Authentication Protocols

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    Authentication is a process that ensures and confirms a users identity. Authorization is the process of giving someone permissions to do or have something. There are different types of authentication methods such as local password authentication, server-based-password authentication, certificate-based authentication, two-factor authentication etc. Authentication protocol developed for Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP), and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). There are different types of application for authentications are as follows: 1.protocols developed for PPP Point-to-Point Protocol 2. Authentication, Authorization and Accounting 3.Kerberos

    Analisa Performansi MLPPP (Multilink Point to Point Potocol) pada WAN (Wide Area Network)

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    ABSTRAKSI: Multilink Point to Point Protocol (MLPPP) adalah protokol yang dikembangkan dari Point to Point Protocol (PPP). PPP merupakan metode untuk melewatkan datagram multi-protokol melalui koneksi serial. PPP umum digunakan untuk menghubungkan suatu router dengan router yang lain atau untuk menghubungkan sebuah jaringan dengan jaringan lain sehingga membentuk suatu Wide Area Network (WAN). MLPPP mempunyai fungsi yang sama dengan PPP, tetapi MLPPP mempunyai kelebihan dibandingkan dengan PPP. MLPPP mempunyai kemampuan mengatur bandwidth dari sebuah koneksi jaringan untuk menyesuaikan dengan muatan jaringan yang berubah secara dinamis. Karena dengan MLPPP, router dan peralatan akses yang lain dapat mengkombinasikan beberapa link PPP yang terhubung ke berbagai layanan WAN menjadi sebuah saluran data logis, sehingga saat sebuah koneksi membutuhkan bandwidth tambahan, dengan diatur oleh MLPPP, koneksi tersebut dapat menggunakan link PPP yang lain untuk memperoleh bandwidth tambahan yang diperlukan. Dengan demikian, performa dari jaringan juga akan meningkat.Pada Tugas Akhir (TA) ini dilakukan analisa terhadap performansi serta nilai lebih yang didapat dari penggunaan MLPPP dibandingkan penggunaan PPP pada WAN. Parameter performansi yang diuji dan dibandingkan adalah delay, throughput, dan packet loss. Diamati juga kelakuan MLPPP dan PPP saat ada perubahan kondisi jaringan, yaitu saat ada link yang putus.Penggunaan MLPPP meningkatkan availability dari koneksi PPP tetapi ada penurunan performansi dari segi delay, karena MLPPP memberikan header tambahan kepada paket sehingga memperbesar ukuran paket dan menambah waktu transfer. MLPPP menggunakan algoritma penjadwalan round robin, sehingga jika link yang berbeda throughput digabung untuk membentuk MLPPP, link dengan throughput yang lebih tinggi akan mengalami penurunan throughput menyesuaikan dengan throughput yang lebih rendah.Kata Kunci : MLPPP, PPP, WANABSTRACT: Multilink Point to Point Protocol (MLPPP) is a protocol which was developed from Point to Point Protocol (PPP). PPP provide method for transporting multi-protocol datagram’s over serial connection. PPP is commonly used for interconnecting routers or for interconnecting Networks to form a Wide Area Network (WAN). Having same function as PPP, MLPPP have better ability than PPP. MLPPP have the ability to adjust the bandwidth of a connection between two Network devices to accommodate dynamically changing Network loads. With MLPPP, routers and other access devices can combine multiple PPP links connected to various WAN services into one logical data pipe, so when a connection need some extra bandwidth, controlled by MLPPP, the connection could use another PPP link to get extra bandwidth as needed. By doing so, the Network performance will also increase.This final task analyze the performance of wide area Network which using MLPPP and also the benefit from using MLPPP than PPP. Tested and compared performance parameter is delay, throughput, and packet loss. Also MLPPP and PPP behaviour when there are change in network condition, it is when broken link happenMLPPP usage add availability to PPP connection, but there are decrease in performance on delay, because MLPPP add more header to packet that increase packet size and packet transfer time MLPPP use round robin scheduling algorithm, so we join link with different throughput to form MLPPP, link with higher throughput will decreasing its throughput in accordance to the lower throughput.Keyword: MLPPP, PPP, WA

    Sentralisasi Manajemen Hotspot Menggunakan Transparent Bridge Tunnel EoIP over SSTP

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    STMIK Bumigora is the first computer college in the province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). There are 11 hotspots spread across the campus to provide Internet services through a wireless connection for the academic community. The increasing number of hotspots that must be managed with locations scattered in various Mikrotik routers hence make the process of management and monitoring hotspots become complex, ineffective and efficient. Centralized campus hotspot management using a transparent bridge EoIP over SSTP can help solve the problems at hand. Ethernet over IP (EoIP) Tunneling is a Mikrotik RouterOS protocol that creates an Ethernet tunnel between routers over IP connections. EoIP tunnel built on SSTP tunnel (EoIP over SSTP) with Site-to-Site type. SSTP is a new form of Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel that provides a mechanism for encapsulating Point-toPoint Protocol (PPP) traffic through the SSL path of the HTTPS protocol. The IP address of the SSTP interface is used as the local reference and remote address of the EoIP over SSTP tunnel. The application of bridging on EoIP interfaces and interfaces connected to Access Point devices forms a logical network so that the management and monitoring of hotspot services can be performed centrally on one router

    Support Vector Regression Machine Learning Tool to Predict GNSS Clock Corrections in Real-Time PPP Technique

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    [EN] Real-time Precise Point Positioning (PPP) can provide the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) users with the ability to determine their position accurately using only one GNSS receiver. The PPP solution does not rely on a base receiver or local GNSS network. However, for establishing a real-time PPP solution, the GNSS users are required to receive the Real-Time Service (RTS) message over the Network Transported of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP). The RTS message includes orbital, code biases, and clock corrections. GNSS users receive those corrections produced by the analysis center with some latency, which degraded the quality of coordinates obtained through realtime PPP. In this research, we investigate the Support Vector Machine (SVR) machine learning tool to overcome the latency for clock corrections in the IGS03 product. Three days of continuous GNSS observations at BREST permanent station in France were selected as a case study. BNC software was used to generate clock corrections files. Taking as reference the clock correction values without latency. The SVR solution shows a reduction in the standard deviation and range with about 30% and 20%, respectively, in comparison to the latency solution for all satellites except those satellites in GLONASS M block.Qafisheh, MWA.; Martín Furones, ÁE.; Torres-Sospedra, J. (2020). Support Vector Regression Machine Learning Tool to Predict GNSS Clock Corrections in Real-Time PPP Technique. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 1-8. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/178545S1

    Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Cooperative NOMA Protocol at Road Junctions

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    Vehicular communications (VCs) protocols offer useful contributions in the context of accident prevention thanks to the transmission of alert messages. This is even truer at road intersections since these areas exhibit higher collision risks and accidents rate. On the other hand, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been show to be a suitable candidate for five generation (5G) of wireless systems. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of VCs protocol at road intersections, named adaptive cooperative NOMA (ACN) protocol. The transmission occurs between a source and two destinations. The transmission is subject to interference originated from vehicles located on the roads. The positions of the interfering vehicles follow a Poison point process (PPP). First, we calculate the outage probability related to ACN protocol, and closed form expressions are obtained. Then we compare it with other existing protocols in the literature. We show that ACN protocol offers a significant improvement over the existing protocols in terms of outage probability, especially at the intersection. We show that the performance of ACN protocol increases compared to other existing protocols for high data rates. The theoretical results are verified with Monte-Carlo simulations

    On Modeling Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Using Non-Poisson Point Processes

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    Future wireless networks are required to support 1000 times higher data rate, than the current LTE standard. In order to meet the ever increasing demand, it is inevitable that, future wireless networks will have to develop seamless interconnection between multiple technologies. A manifestation of this idea is the collaboration among different types of network tiers such as macro and small cells, leading to the so-called heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Researchers have used stochastic geometry to analyze such networks and understand their real potential. Unsurprisingly, it has been revealed that interference has a detrimental effect on performance, especially if not modeled properly. Interference can be correlated in space and/or time, which has been overlooked in the past. For instance, it is normally assumed that the nodes are located completely independent of each other and follow a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP), which is not necessarily true in real networks since the node locations are spatially dependent. In addition, the interference correlation created by correlated stochastic processes has mostly been ignored. To this end, we take a different approach in modeling the interference where we use non-PPP, as well as we study the impact of spatial and temporal correlation on the performance of HetNets. To illustrate the impact of correlation on performance, we consider three case studies from real-life scenarios. Specifically, we use massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to understand the impact of spatial correlation; we use the random medium access protocol to examine the temporal correlation; and we use cooperative relay networks to illustrate the spatial-temporal correlation. We present several numerical examples through which we demonstrate the impact of various correlation types on the performance of HetNets.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Communications Magazin

    Secure Mutual Self-Authenticable Mechanism for Wearable Devices

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    YesDue to the limited communication range of wearable devices, there is the need for wearable devices to communicate amongst themselves, supporting devices and the internet or to the internet. Most wearable devices are not internet enabled and most often need an internet enabled broker device or intermediate device in order to reach the internet. For a secure end to end communication between these devices security measures like authentication must be put in place in other to prevent unauthorised access to information given the sensitivity of the information collected and transmitted. Therefore, there are other existing authentication solutions for wearable devices but these solutions actively involve from time to time the user of the device which is prone to a lot of challenges. As a solution to these challenges, this paper proposes a secure point-to-point Self-authentication mechanism that involves device to device interaction. This work exploits existing standards and framework like NFC, PPP, EAP etc. in other to achieve a device compatible secure authentication protocol amongst wearable device and supporting devices.

    Solving the latency problem in real-time GNSS precise point positioning using open source software

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    Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesReal-time Precise Point Positioning (PPP) can provide the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS) users with the ability to determine their position accurately using only one GNSS receiver. The PPP solution does not rely on a base receiver or local GNSS network. However, for establishing a real-time PPP solution, the GNSS users are required to receive the Real-Time Service (RTS) message over the Network Transported of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP). The RTS message includes orbital, code biases, and clock corrections. The GNSS users receive those corrections produced by the analysis center with some latency, which degraded the quality of coordinates obtained through PPP. In this research, we investigate the Support Vector Machine (SVR) and RandomForest (RF) as machine learning tools to overcome the latency for clock corrections in the CLK11 and IGS03 products. A BREST International GNSS Services permanent station in France selected as a case study. BNC software implemented in real-time PPP for around three days. Our results showed that the RF method could solve the latency problem for both IGS03 and CLK11. While SVR performed better on the IGS03 than CLK11; thus, it did not solve the latency on CLK11. This research contributes to establishing a simulation of real-time GNSS user who can store and predict clock corrections accordingly to their current observed latency. The self-assessment of the reproducibility level of this study has a rank one out of the range scale from zero to three according to the criteria and classifications are done by (Nüst et al., 2018)
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