Stochastic Convergence of Persistence Landscapes and Silhouettes

Persistent homology is a widely used tool in Topological Data Analysis that encodes multiscale topological information as a multi-set of points in the plane called a persistence diagram. It is difficult to apply statistical theory directly to a random sample of diagrams. Instead, we can summarize the persistent homology with the persistence landscape, introduced by Bubenik, which converts a diagram into a well-behaved real-valued function. We investigate the statistical properties of landscapes, such as weak convergence of the average landscapes and convergence of the bootstrap. In addition, we introduce an alternate functional summary of persistent homology, which we call the silhouette, and derive an analogous statistical theory

EARNINGS QUALITY: COMBINED EFFECT OF THEIR ATTRIBUTES

Financial reports are a relevant source of information for investors and other capital market actors. This article aims to analyze Earnings Persistence and Earnings Management as attributes of the quality of financial information. It aims to investigate Earnings Quality from Earnings Persistence and Earnings Management and their combined effects. The methodological approach is quantitative, developed by statistical and econometric models. The proposed models were structured in the form of panel data and analyzed by simple and multivariate linear regressions and binary logistic regressions. The research results show that the combined analysis of Earnings Persistence and Earnings Management is more efficient to differentiate companies based on the Earnings Quality perceived by the market. Additionally, it was found that the market perception about Earnings Management is significantly lower than the market perception about Earnings Persistence. These results supported the conceptual hypotheses presented in this research

Discrimination and Workers' Expectations

The paper explores the role of workers' expectations as am original explanation for the puzzling long run persistence of discrimination against some minorities in the labor market. A game of incomplete information is presented, showing that ex ante identical groups of workers may be characterized by unequal outcomes in equilibrium due to their different beliefs, even though discriminatory tastes and statistical discrimination by employers have disappeared. Wrong beliefs of being discriminated against are self-confirming in this circumstance, being the ultimate cause of a lower percentage of promotions which supports these wrong beliefs.discrimination, workers' expectations, self-confirming beliefs

Relationship between abnormal earnings persistence, industry structure, and market share in Brazilian public firms

In this study, Ohlson's Linear Information Dynamic (LID) is analyzed and the effect of other information on the abnormal earnings series is evaluated. The hypothesis that industry structure and market share have significant effects on abnormal earnings in the following period is tested, with Ohlson's LID persistence maintained. The results confirm the premise of LID in a sample of Brazilian public firms, considering all the statistical models. The hypothesis regarding market share is rejected as its effect on the degree of abnormal earnings persistence has no informational content, either directly or jointly. Finally, the results confirm that different industries affect abnormal earnings persistence differently. In view of these results, the research hypotheses are partially rejected. It is concluded that (a) industry contains other information that can impact abnormal earnings for the following period and (b) market share (in isolation and together with industry concentration) does not imply differentiated impacts on firms' abnormal earnings for the following period, and therefore do not reflect the presence of other information in Ohlson's Model (1995)

Analisis Pengaruh Book-tax Differences Terhadap Persistensi Laba

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the role of differences between accounting income and taxable income (book-tax differences) of earnings one period ahead. In addition this study aims to test whether the difference between accounting earnings and taxable income will also affect investors' assessment of earnings persistence in the future. The hypothesis proposed is: (1) firms with large book-tax differences has a lower accounting earnings persistence than firms with small book-tax differences, (2) firms with large book-tax differences has a persistence of accrual components is lower than companies with small book-tax differences. The samples used were 40 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and publish audited financial statements are consistent in the year 2000-2005. The data was collected using purposive sampling. The statistical methods used are panel data regression. The results showed that firms with large large book-tax differences of having lower earnings persistence than firms with small large book-tax differences. However, the low persistence of earnings is not statistically proven due to the accrual component. Investors have not been able to distinguish the information contained in accruals and cash flow component in determining the persistence of earnings. Information about the size of the large book-tax differences contained in accruals component can not affect investors' assessment of earnings persistence in the futur

Web Citation Availability: A Follow-up Study

The researchers report on a study to examine the persistence of Web-based content. In 2002, a sample of 500 citations to Internet resources from articles published in library and information science journals in 1999 and 2000 were analyzed by citation characteristics and searched to determine cited content persistence, availability on the Web, and availability in the Internet Archive. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify citation characteristics associated with availability. The sample URLs were searched again between August 2005 and June 2006 to determine persistence, availability on the Web, and in the Internet Archive. As in the original study, the researchers cross-tabulated the results with URL characteristics and reviewed and analyzed journal instructions to authors on citing content on the Web. Findings included a decrease of 17.4 percent in persistence, and 8.2 percent in availability on the Web. When availability in the Internet Archives was factored in, the overall availability of Web content in the sample dropped from 89.2 percent to 80.6 percent. The statistical analysis confirmed the association between the likelihood that cited content will be found by future researchers and citation characteristics of content, domain, page type, and directory depth. The researchers also found an increase in the number of journals that provide instruction to authors on citing content on the Web