79 research outputs found

    Automatic Generation of Personalized Recommendations in eCoaching

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    Denne avhandlingen omhandler eCoaching for personlig livsstilsstøtte i sanntid ved bruk av informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi. Utfordringen er å designe, utvikle og teknisk evaluere en prototyp av en intelligent eCoach som automatisk genererer personlige og evidensbaserte anbefalinger til en bedre livsstil. Den utviklede løsningen er fokusert på forbedring av fysisk aktivitet. Prototypen bruker bærbare medisinske aktivitetssensorer. De innsamlede data blir semantisk representert og kunstig intelligente algoritmer genererer automatisk meningsfulle, personlige og kontekstbaserte anbefalinger for mindre stillesittende tid. Oppgaven bruker den veletablerte designvitenskapelige forskningsmetodikken for å utvikle teoretiske grunnlag og praktiske implementeringer. Samlet sett fokuserer denne forskningen på teknologisk verifisering snarere enn klinisk evaluering.publishedVersio

    Machine Learning Algorithm for the Scansion of Old Saxon Poetry

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    Several scholars designed tools to perform the automatic scansion of poetry in many languages, but none of these tools deal with Old Saxon or Old English. This project aims to be a first attempt to create a tool for these languages. We implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to perform the automatic scansion of Old Saxon and Old English poems. Since this model uses supervised learning, we manually annotated the Heliand manuscript, and we used the resulting corpus as labeled dataset to train the model. The evaluation of the performance of the algorithm reached a 97% for the accuracy and a 99% of weighted average for precision, recall and F1 Score. In addition, we tested the model with some verses from the Old Saxon Genesis and some from The Battle of Brunanburh, and we observed that the model predicted almost all Old Saxon metrical patterns correctly misclassified the majority of the Old English input verses

    Ontologies Applied in Clinical Decision Support System Rules:Systematic Review

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    BackgroundClinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are important for the quality and safety of health care delivery. Although CDSS rules guide CDSS behavior, they are not routinely shared and reused. ObjectiveOntologies have the potential to promote the reuse of CDSS rules. Therefore, we systematically screened the literature to elaborate on the current status of ontologies applied in CDSS rules, such as rule management, which uses captured CDSS rule usage data and user feedback data to tailor CDSS services to be more accurate, and maintenance, which updates CDSS rules. Through this systematic literature review, we aim to identify the frontiers of ontologies used in CDSS rules. MethodsThe literature search was focused on the intersection of ontologies; clinical decision support; and rules in PubMed, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, and the Nursing & Allied Health Database. Grounded theory and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines were followed. One author initiated the screening and literature review, while 2 authors validated the processes and results independently. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed and refined iteratively. ResultsCDSSs were primarily used to manage chronic conditions, alerts for medication prescriptions, reminders for immunizations and preventive services, diagnoses, and treatment recommendations among 81 included publications. The CDSS rules were presented in Semantic Web Rule Language, Jess, or Jena formats. Despite the fact that ontologies have been used to provide medical knowledge, CDSS rules, and terminologies, they have not been used in CDSS rule management or to facilitate the reuse of CDSS rules. ConclusionsOntologies have been used to organize and represent medical knowledge, controlled vocabularies, and the content of CDSS rules. So far, there has been little reuse of CDSS rules. More work is needed to improve the reusability and interoperability of CDSS rules. This review identified and described the ontologies that, despite their limitations, enable Semantic Web technologies and their applications in CDSS rules

    Efficient Axiomatization of OWL 2 EL Ontologies from Data by means of Formal Concept Analysis: (Extended Version)

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    We present an FCA-based axiomatization method that produces a complete EL TBox (the terminological part of an OWL 2 EL ontology) from a graph dataset in at most exponential time. We describe technical details that allow for efficient implementation as well as variations that dispense with the computation of extremely large axioms, thereby rendering the approach applicable albeit some completeness is lost. Moreover, we evaluate the prototype on real-world datasets.This is an extended version of an article accepted at AAAI 2024

    Optimal Repairs in the Description Logic EL Revisited

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    Ontologies based on Description Logics may contain errors, which are usually detected when reasoning produces consequences that follow from the ontology, but do not hold in the modelled application domain. In previous work, we have introduced repair approaches for EL ontologies that are optimal in the sense that they preserve a maximal amount of consequences. In this paper, we will, on the one hand, review these approaches, but with an emphasis on motivation rather than on technical details. On the other hand, we will describe new results that address the problems that optimal repairs may become very large or need not even exist unless strong restrictions on the terminological part of the ontology apply. We will show how one can deal with these problems by introducing concise representations of optimal repairs

    Semantic Plug & Play - Selbstbeschreibende Hardware fĂĽr modulare Robotersysteme

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    Moderne Robotersysteme bestehen aus einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Sensoren und Aktuatoren, aus deren Zusammenwirken verschiedene Fähigkeiten entstehen und nutzbar gemacht werden. So kann ein Knickarmroboter über die koordinierte Ansteuerung mehrerer Motoren Gegenstände greifen, oder ein Quadrocopter über Sensoren seine Lage und Position bestimmen. Eine besondere Ausprägung bilden modulare Robotersysteme, in denen sich Sensoren und Aktuatoren dynamisch entfernen, austauschen oder hinzufügen lassen, wodurch auch die verfügbaren Fähigkeiten beeinflusst werden. Die Flexibilität modularer Robotersysteme wird jedoch durch deren eingeschränkte Kompatibilität begrenzt. So existieren zahlreiche proprietäre Systeme, die zwar eine einfache Verwendung ermöglichen aber nur auf eine begrenzte Menge an modularen Elementen zurückgreifen können. Open-Source-Projekte mit einer breiten Unterstützung im Hardwarebereich, wie bspw. die Arduino-Plattform, oder Softwareprojekte, wie das Robot Operating System (ROS) versuchen, eine eben solch breite Kompatibilität zu bieten, erfordern allerdings eine sehr ausführliche Dokumentation der Hardware für die Integration. Das zentrale Ergebnis dieser Dissertation ist ein Technologiestack (Semantic Plug & Play) für die einfache Dokumentation und Integration modularer Hardwareelemente durch Selbstbeschreibungsmechanismen. In vielen Anwendungen befindet sich die Dokumentation üblicherweise verteilt in Textdokumenten, Onlineinhalten und Quellcodedokumentationen. In Semantic Plug & Play wird ein System basierend auf den Technologien des Semantic Web vorgestellt, das nicht nur eben solch vorhandene Dokumentationen vereinheitlicht und kollektiviert, sondern das auch durch eine maschinenlesbare Aufbereitung die Dokumentation in der Prozessdefinition verwendet werden kann. Eine in dieser Dissertation entwickelte Architektur bietet für die Prozessdefinition eine API für objektorientierte Programmiersprachen, in der abstrakte Fähigkeiten verwendet werden können. Mit einem besonderen Fokus auf zur Laufzeit rekonfigurierbare Systeme können damit Fähigkeiten über Anforderungen an aktuelle Hardwarekonfigurationen ausgedrückt werden. So ist es möglich, qualitative und quantitative Eigenschaften als Voraussetzung für Fähigkeiten zu definieren, die erst bei einem Wechsel modularer Hardwareelemente erfüllt werden. Diesem Prinzip folgend werden auch kombinierte Fähigkeiten unterstützt, die andere Fähigkeiten hardwareübergreifend für ihre intrinsische Ausführung nutzen. Für die Kapselung der Selbstbeschreibung auf einzelnen Hardwareelementen werden unterschiedliche Adapter in Semantic Plug & Play unterstützt, wie etwa Mikrocontroller oder X86- und ARM-Systeme. Semantic Plug & Play ermöglicht zudem eine Erweiterbarkeit zu ROS anhand unterschiedlicher Werkzeuge, die nicht nur eine hybride Nutzung erlauben, sondern auch die Komplexität mit modellgetriebenen Ansätzen beherrschbar machen. Die Flexibilität von Semantic Plug & Play wird in sechs Experimenten anhand unterschiedlicher Hardware illustriert. Alle Experimente adressieren dabei Problemstellungen einer übergeordneten Fallstudie, für die ein heterogener Quadrocopterschwarm in hochgradig dynamischen Szenarien eingesetzt und gezielt rekonfiguriert wird

    OWL Reasoners still useable in 2023

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    In a systematic literature and software review over 100 OWL reasoners/systems were analyzed to see if they would still be usable in 2023. This has never been done in this capacity. OWL reasoners still play an important role in knowledge organisation and management, but the last comprehensive surveys/studies are more than 8 years old. The result of this work is a comprehensive list of 95 standalone OWL reasoners and systems using an OWL reasoner. For each item, information on project pages, source code repositories and related documentation was gathered. The raw research data is provided in a Github repository for anyone to use

    Context Awareness in Swarm Systems

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    Recent swarms of Uncrewed Systems (UxS) require substantial human input to support their operation. The little 'intelligence' on these platforms limits their potential value and increases their overall cost. Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions are needed to allow a single human to guide swarms of larger sizes. Shepherding is a bio-inspired swarm guidance approach with one or a few sheepdogs guiding a larger number of sheep. By designing AI-agents playing the role of sheepdogs, humans can guide the swarm by using these AI agents in the same manner that a farmer uses biological sheepdogs to muster sheep. A context-aware AI-sheepdog offers human operators a smarter command and control system. It overcomes the current limiting assumption in the literature of swarm homogeneity to manage heterogeneous swarms and allows the AI agents to better team with human operators. This thesis aims to demonstrate the use of an ontology-guided architecture to deliver enhanced contextual awareness for swarm control agents. The proposed architecture increases the contextual awareness of AI-sheepdogs to improve swarm guidance and control, enabling individual and collective UxS to characterise and respond to ambiguous swarm behavioural patterns. The architecture, associated methods, and algorithms advance the swarm literature by allowing improved contextual awareness to guide heterogeneous swarms. Metrics and methods are developed to identify the sources of influence in the swarm, recognise and discriminate the behavioural traits of heterogeneous influencing agents, and design AI algorithms to recognise activities and behaviours. The proposed contributions will enable the next generation of UxS with higher levels of autonomy to generate more effective Human-Swarm Teams (HSTs)

    Concise Justifications Versus Detailed Proofs for Description Logic Entailments

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    We discuss explanations in Description Logics (DLs), a family of logics used for knowledge representation. Initial work on explaining consequences for DLs had focused on justifications, which are minimal subsets of axioms that entail the consequence. More recently, it was proposed that proofs can provide more detailed information about why a consequence follows. Moreover, several measures have been proposed to estimate the comprehensibility of justifications and proofs, for example, their size or the complexity of logical expressions. In this paper, we analyze the connection between these measures, e.g. whether small justifications necessarily give rise to small proofs. We use a dataset of DL proofs that was constructed last year based on the ontologies of the OWL Reasoner Evaluation 2015. We find that, in general, less complex justifications indeed correspond to less complex proofs, and discuss some exceptions to this rule

    An iOS Application for Visually Impaired Individuals to Assist with Crossing Roads

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    In day-to-day life, visually impaired individuals face the problem of crossing roads by themselves. This project was designed and built to solve this key issue. The system is supposed to give the user a warning before approaching a crosswalk for their safety and also give information about when it is safe to cross the road. An iOS application was developed to address the problem since recent studies have discovered that a vast number of visually impaired individuals are using smartphones (iPhones in particular) due to the ease and convenience it brings to their daily life. The application should be able to: notify the user through audio and haptic vibration, inform the user about crossing with 100% confidence with audio, all the input should be voice-based. In addition, it shouldn’t need any internet, shouldn’t consume much battery power, and run in the background with other applications. The application goal is to be used in Queens, NY in particular. For warning notification, we used iBeacon to know if a user is approaching a crosswalk. Currently, the iBeacon detection has only an error distance of +/-3 feet. In our implementation, every output of the application is audio and haptic vibration, and the inputs are all voice and haptic touch which are standard for the visually impaired. The application informs the user when it is safe to cross by detecting traffic lights 30 frames per second using the phone\u27s built-in camera and an offline image processing model. The model was built in Caffe2 and then converted to CoreML for this project. The model alone has an accuracy of 92.9% and on top of that, we added cross-checking which increases the confidence level according to Bayes Theorem. Also, there is an additional layer of state machine which refines the output using possible timing of the traffic light to give 100% confident signal to cross the road and makes sure we don’t make the user wait more than 10 seconds without any decision. The application is only 30MB in size, doesn’t need any internet connection, and has low to average power consumption. The application can also run in the background allowing low power consumption and the capability to work with other applications. We have done both unit testing and integration testing to confirm every component of the application. The only thing that is left is to test the application in the real world by visually impaired individuals to confirm this initial prototype
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