11,368 research outputs found
Single-shot fault-tolerant quantum error correction
Conventional quantum error correcting codes require multiple rounds of
measurements to detect errors with enough confidence in fault-tolerant
scenarios. Here I show that for suitable topological codes a single round of
local measurements is enough. This feature is generic and is related to
self-correction and confinement phenomena in the corresponding quantum
Hamiltonian model. 3D gauge color codes exhibit this single-shot feature, which
applies also to initialization and gauge-fixing. Assuming the time for
efficient classical computations negligible, this yields a topological
fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme where all elementary logical operations
can be performed in constant time.Comment: Typos corrected after publication in journal, 26 pages, 4 figure
On Achievable Rate Regions of the Asymmetric AWGN Two-Way Relay Channel
This paper investigates the additive white Gaussian noise two-way relay
channel, where two users exchange messages through a relay. Asymmetrical
channels are considered where the users can transmit data at different rates
and at different power levels. We modify and improve existing coding schemes to
obtain three new achievable rate regions. Comparing four downlink-optimal
coding schemes, we show that the scheme that gives the best sum-rate
performance is (i) complete-decode-forward, when both users transmit at low
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); (ii) functional-decode-forward with nested lattice
codes, when both users transmit at high SNR; (iii) functional-decode-forward
with rate splitting and time-division multiplexing, when one user transmits at
low SNR and another user at medium--high SNR.Comment: to be presented at ISIT 201
Topological quantum memory
We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes
introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional
array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are
associated with nontrivial homology cycles of the surface. We formulate
protocols for error recovery, and study the efficacy of these protocols. An
order-disorder phase transition occurs in this system at a nonzero critical
value of the error rate; if the error rate is below the critical value (the
accuracy threshold), encoded information can be protected arbitrarily well in
the limit of a large code block. This phase transition can be accurately
modeled by a three-dimensional Z_2 lattice gauge theory with quenched disorder.
We estimate the accuracy threshold, assuming that all quantum gates are local,
that qubits can be measured rapidly, and that polynomial-size classical
computations can be executed instantaneously. We also devise a robust recovery
procedure that does not require measurement or fast classical processing;
however for this procedure the quantum gates are local only if the qubits are
arranged in four or more spatial dimensions. We discuss procedures for
encoding, measurement, and performing fault-tolerant universal quantum
computation with surface codes, and argue that these codes provide a promising
framework for quantum computing architectures.Comment: 39 pages, 21 figures, REVTe
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