Topical scientific researches into resource-saving technologies of mineral mining and processing

Table of contents Preface . 5 Malanchuk Z.R., Soroka V.S., Lahodniuk O.A., Marchuk M.M. Physical-mechanical and technological features of amber extraction in the Rivne-Volyn region of Ukraine . 6 Moshynskyi, V.S., Korniyenko V.Ya., Khrystyuk A.O., Solvar L.M. Research of energy effective parameters of the process of hydro mechanical extraction of amber from sandy deposits . 24 Mohamed Tafsir Diallo, Mamadou Oury Fatoumata Diallo Tidal Park – Modeling and Control Strategy . 38 Savina N.B., Malanchuk L.O., Ignatiuk I.Z., Moshchych S.Z. Institutional basis and trends of management of the use of the subsoil in Ukraine . 51 Dedelyanova Kr.Y. Column flotation machine – innovative aeration, vibra-tory – acoustic and technological researches . 60 Makarenko V.D., Manhura A.M., Lartseva I.I., Manhura S.I. Magnetic field on asphalt, resin, paraffin and salt deposits 79 Krzysztof Tomiczek The problem of beds stability in the conditions of undermining higher deposited beds in the context of selected analytical solutions . 95 Safonyk A.P., Koziar M.M., Martyniuk P.M., Fylypchuk V.L. Management of pollution - purification system for mining plants . 117 Marinela Panayotova, Vladko Panayotov Recent developments in the flotation of sulfide ores of base metals - bioflotation . 130 Remez N., Dychko A., Bronytskyi V., Kraychuk S. Simulation of shock waves from explosion of mixture explosive charges . 149 Melodi M.M. Akande V.O. Analysis of productivity and technical efficiency in granite aggregate production in selected quarries in south-western, Nigeria . 166 Doroshenko Ya.V., Karpash O.M., Rybitskyi I.V. Investigation of dispersed contaminates influence on the hydraulic energy consumption of elements of gas pipeline systems with complex geometry . 182 Skipochka S.I., Krukovskyi O.P., Krukovska V.V., Palamarchuk T.A. Features of methane emission in coal mines at high speed longwall face advance 208 Daouda Keita, Valery Pozdnyakov Statistical analysis of experimental data on the indices of operation of the loading units of the bauxite compa-ny of Guinea (CBG) . 226 Yevhenii Malanchuk, Sergiy Stets, Ruslan Zhomyruk, Andriy Stets Modeling of the process of mining of zeolite-smectite tuffs by hydro-well method . 244 Samusia V. I., Kyrychenko Y. О., Cheberiachko I. M., Trofymova, O. P. Development of experimental methods to study heterogenic flows in the context of hydraulic hoisting design . 260 Makarenko V.D., Kharchenko M.O., Manhura A.M., Petrash O.V. Magnetic treatment of production fluid with high content of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits . 268 Kovshun N.E., Ignatiuk I.Z., Moshchych S.Z. Malanchuk L.O. Innovative model of development of fuel and energy complex of Ukraine 279 Bondarenko А.O., Ostapchuk O.V. Design and implementation of a jet pump dredge . 296 Sotskov V.O., Dereviahina N.I. Research of dependencies of stope stress-strain state change under various conditions of partial stowing of developed space . 305 Sakhno S., Liulchenko Y., Chyrva T., Pischikova O. Determination of bear-ing capacity and calculation of the gain of the damaged span of a railway overpass by the finite element method . 326 Melodi М.М., Ojulari M.K. Oluwafemi V.I. Economic and environmental impacts of artisanal gold mining on near-by community of Sauka-Kahuta, Nigeria . 340 Kruchkov A.I., Besarabets Y.J., Yevtieieva L.I. Energy saving modes of excavators type power shovel . 353 Hryhorash M.V., Kuzminskyi V.P., Ovchinnikova O.V., Kukhar V.Yu. Energy saving through quality of technical water: new types of mechanical screen filters for various links of water treatment . 369 Didenko M. The modeling of the interaction of rock mass and compliant lining while it is expanded . 394 Makarenko V.D., Liashenko A.V. Complex approach to research and selection of hydrocarbon solvents for asphaltene-resin-paraffin-hydrate deposits control . 408 Mykhailovska O.V., Zotsenko M.L. Investigation of the oscillations amplitudes bases and foundations of the forming machine . 417 Inkin O.V., Puhach A.M., Dereviahina N.I. Physical-chemical and technological parameters of improving profitability of underground coal burning . 42

The effects of atopy and asthma on in vivo human nasal responses to Toll-like receptor agonists

Acute respiratory viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable individuals, and it is important to study viral pathogenesis and the host immune response in humans. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the detection of viral nucleic acids, and airway TLR receptors respond to nucleic acid patterns in the RNA viruses that cause respiratory infections. However, a reliable method of measuring mucosal innate immune responses to viral infections is lacking. TLR3 agonists (poly(I:C) and poly-ICLC) and the combined TLR7/8 agonist (resiquimod, R848) are synthetic analogues of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and single stranded RNA (ssRNA) respectively. Nasal challenge with these TLR agonists was carried out, and serial sampling using nasosorption and nasal curettage was performed. Mucosal immune responses were measured and the effect of different host factors (e.g. asthma) on these responses was studied. Poly(I:C) and poly-ICLC were well tolerated but failed to induce significant and reliable nasal mucosal innate immune responses. R848 at a higher dose (10 µg/100 µL per nostril) induced significant mucosal interferon and cytokine responses but caused mild to moderate flu-like symptoms in three out of nine volunteers. A lower dose of R848 (0.02 µg/kg/100 µL, mean dose 1.5 µg/100 µL) was subsequently utilised in three groups of volunteers: healthy non-atopic (n=12), allergic rhinitis (n=12) and allergic asthma (n=11). This was well tolerated and induced significant release of nasal mucosal IFNs (IFN-α, IFN-γ), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12p70) and chemokines (CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL13) when compared to saline. Participants with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma had similar IFN-α, CCL3 and CCL13 levels that were increased compared to healthy volunteers. In volunteers with atopy, baseline nasal mucosal gene expression of the anti-inflammatory secretoglobin SCGB1A1 had a strong negative correlation with subsequent innate immune activation by R848. Eight hours after R848 challenge, several mucosal IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated (IFIT3, OAS2, IRF7, MX1, MYD88, DDX58 and STAT1) as well as SOCS1, TLR3, TLR7, KRT5 and CLEC4C, whilst IFNAR1 and ADGRG1 were downregulated. Volunteers with asthma had increased DDX58, MX1 and IFIT3 when compared to those with allergic rhinitis and healthy volunteers. This research has led to the successful development of a non-invasive and well tolerated method to induce and precisely measure nasal mucosal innate immune responses to the ssRNA analogue and TLR7/8 agonist R848, and this methodology has been used to demonstrate heightened innate immune activation in volunteers with allergic rhinitis and asthma. This technique can be extended to examine responses in a range of host conditions and diseases as well as to assess the adjuvant potential of R848 in conjunction with mucosal vaccines targeted against infection and cancer.Open Acces

The interaction of bacteria with the respiratory mucosa in vitro and in vivo

Using a simple nasopharyngeal organ culture in which the mucosa is exposed to air, this thesis describes the interaction between two piliated and one non-piliated variants of Neisseria meningitidis and the interaction of a pneumolysin sufficient and deficient isogenic variant of Streptococcus pneumoniae with respiratory mucosa. Piliated N. meningitidis adhered more often than the non-piliated variant to the respiratory mucosa and demonstrated tropism for non-ciliated epithelial cells and only rarely adhered to mucus. In contrast, S.pneumoniae demonstrated tropism for mucus. Infection resulted in a change in the appearance of mucus, ciliary beat slowing and epithelial damage. To assess if other bacteria may impair mucociliary clearance by disorganising cilia the effect of pyocyanin, 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP) and rhamnolipid on the orientation of human ciliated cells was studied. Pyocyanin and 1-HP at pathophysiological concentrations caused ciliary slowing, dyskinesia and disorientation of the ciliary microtubular pairs. However, the orientation of basal feet did not change. Rhamnolipid at pathophysiologic concentrations caused ciliary slowing but neither dyskinesia or disorientation. Disorientation of ciliary beat as well as slowed CBF may contribute to the slowing of mucociliary clearance in vivo. To assess if ciliary disorientation occurs as an acquired and/or congenital abnormality, groups of patients with chronic upper respiratory tract inflammation due to infection and patients with the clinical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia but normal ciliary beat frequency and ciliary ultrastructure were studied. Ciliary disorientation was associated with slowing of nasomucociliary clearance. The clinical features, ciliary function studies and the ciliary orientation of eleven patients with the classical features of primary ciliary dyskinesia but with normal ciliary ultrastructure were assessed. The results suggests that ciliary disorientation alone does represent a new variant of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Pulmonary delivery of brittle matrix powders produced by thin film freezing

textRecently, the portfolio of compounds approved for inhalation therapy has expanded rapidly for lung disease therapies. The rationale for this delivery approach includes a more targeted and localized delivery to the diseased site with reduced systemic exposure, potentially leading to decreased adverse side effects. We have proposed that brittle matrix powders prepared by thin film freezing (TFF) are a suitable platform for pulmonary drug delivery which can achieve high lung concentrations while limit the corresponding systemic levels associated with toxicity, and enhanced physicochemical and aerodynamic properties can be obtained by varying TFF processing parameters. In Chapter 2, the in vitro and in vivo performance of an amorphous formulation prepared by TFF and a crystalline micronized formulation produced by milling was compared for Tacrolimus (TAC). TFF processed matrix powders was capable of achieving deep lung delivery due to its low density, highly porous and brittle characteristics. When emitted from a Miat® monodose inhaler, TFF processed TAC formulations exhibited a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 83.3% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.26 µm. Single dose 24-h pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that the TAC formulation prepared by TFF exhibited higher pulmonary bioavailability with a prolonged retention time in the lung, possibly due to decreased clearance (e.g., macrophage phagocytosis), compared to the micronized TAC formulation. Additionally, TFF formulation generated a lower systemic TAC concentration with smaller variability than the micronized formulation following inhalation, potentially leading to reduced side effects related to the drug in systemic circulation. Chapter 3 investigated the impact of processing parameters in the TFF process on the physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of the resulting formulations. All of these enhanced powder properties resulted from higher freezing rate contributed to a better aerodynamic performance of the obtaining formulations. Moreover, a decreasing trend of FPF was observed for these TFF powders when the initial solid concentrations increased. The variation of the freezing rate and initial solid loading in the TFF process enabled the production of formulations with enhanced physicochemical properties and improved aerodynamic performance.Pharmaceutical Science

Adjustable Short Throw Shifter (ASTS)

Every manual transmission vehicle has a shift lever for changing gears. The problem is that the shifting linkage is setup up for one kind of driving. Numerous vehicles have multiple settings for the suspension to adapt to varying driving scenarios (i.e. cruising, sport, track). No vehicle currently has an adjustable short throw shifter (ASTS) that can accommodate drag racing, drifting, sports car racing, rallying, off-roading, or casual driving. The design of the ASTS solves this problem by moving the central axis of rotation of the shifter up two inches, permitting the adjustment of the shifting throw between 20 and 40%. The swivel joint, at the central axis of rotation, is increased in size for the threaded sleeve to be press fit on the inside. Adjustments to the amount of throw are made from inside the vehicle because the threaded rod travels up and down the sleeve. For safety reasons the new shifter is also required to meet the same safety standards as the stock model shifter in the test vehicle, a 2005 Ford Mustang GT. The shifter must withstand a load of 50 lbs. with less than 0.5-inch deflection. Testing demonstrated it would support a 100 lbs. load with less than 0.5-inch deflection. The final design met all the requirements and performed with a throw reduction of 20-50% and providing an adjustability of throw within a tenth of an inch, thus allowing for max versatility and personalization from the customer

Advanced Underground Space Technology

The recent development of underground space technology makes underground space a potential and feasible solution to climate change, energy shortages, the growing population, and the demands on urban space. Advances in material science, information technology, and computer science incorporating traditional geotechnical engineering have been extensively applied to sustainable and resilient underground space applications. The aim of this Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Underground Space Technology”, is to gather original fundamental and applied research related to the design, construction, and maintenance of underground space

Exploring the relationship between loss of CFTR protein function and markers of disease severity in chronic suppurative lung disease

Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) are chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD). CF is characterised by inherited mutations affecting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein, which is thought to be normal in PCD, however the role of CFTR in disease is incompletely understood. This thesis investigates the relationship between CFTR, inflammation and airway health, firstly in the context of the CF gene therapy Multidose trial followed by contrasting CF, PCD and control patients. The first study explored the relationship between lower airway potential difference (LAPD) measurements performed in the Multidose trial as a measure of CFTR function, and physiological, radiographic and inflammatory markers of disease severity. At baseline, FEV1 correlated with basal LAPD measurements, however not between restored chloride secretion and change in airway disease following treatment; implicating the role of sodium transport, not chloride in disease pathogenesis. As no direct correlation was seen, I went on to explore an alternative theory that a bi-directional relationship exists between CFTR and inflammation; CFTR dysfunction triggers a hyper-inflammatory state and inflammation causes secondary CFTR dysfunction. Cell cultures were cultivated from the nasal epithelium of patients with CF, PCD and controls. Both at baseline and following stimulation with common respiratory pathogens, the levels of inflammatory mediators in the supernatant from each group of cells were comparable. The numbers involved with this study were small, however did not indicate that CF cells cultured in these conditions (in vitro) were hyper-inflammatory. The final study explored in vivo whether inflammation causes secondary CFTR dysfunction. Nasal potential difference (NPD) measurements were compared with localised levels of inflammation in subjects with CF, PCD and controls. PCD traces showed reduced chloride secretion, however it was not possible to differentiate secondary CFTR dysfunction from damage to epithelial cell integrity. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators were detected in PCD nasal fluid, however the results were variable and these levels did not correlate with NPD measurements of ion channel function. These studies did not support the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between CFTR function and airway disease, that in vitro CF cells are hyperinflammatory, or in vivo that inflammation leads to secondary CFTR dysfunction. The experiments performed in this thesis provide a basis for future work exploring this relationship, and may help guide future trials for novel therapies in CF.Open Acces

Assessment of Existing Steel Structures - Recommendations for Estimation of the Remaining Fatigue Life

Due to the demand for freight volume on rail and road, traffic has increased significantly in the past years leading to an increasing number of heavy vehicles in the traffic flows and greater exploitation of their loading capacities. Because of environmental considerations there is also a tendency to further enhance the admissible loads in the design of new heavy vehicles (e.g. by increasing axle loads or using road trains). This all may affect the safety, serviceability and durability of existing bridges. Bridge authorities are therefore interested in agreed methods to assess the safety and durability of existing bridges and to make appropriate provisions for more refined maintenance methods, possible restriction of traffic, bridge-rehabilitation or substitution of old bridges by new ones where necessary. For steel bridges including the old riveted ones there are numerous approaches to such assessments, partly standardized by national codes or recommendations. In the light of the development of the European single market for construction works and engineering services there is thus a need to harmonize them and to develop agreed European technical recommendations for the safety and durability assessment of existing structures. These recommendations should follow the principles and application rules in the Eurocodes and provide a scheme with different levels of analysis: a basic level with general methods and further levels with higher sophistication that call for specific expertise. This technical report on ¿Recommendations for the estimation of remaining fatigue life¿ supported by the ECCS could be used as a basis for harmonizing National procedures and for the further evolution of the Eurocodes.JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage, RECH6

RECH Biennial Meeting is one of the largest educational and scientific events in Retouching field, an ideal venue for conservators and scientists to present their research results about retouching. The main focus will be to promote the exchange of ideas, concepts, terminology, methods, techniques and materials applied during the retouching process in different areas of conservation: mural painting, easel painting, sculpture, graphic documentation, architecture, plasterwork, photography, contemporary art, among others. This Meeting aims to address retouching by encouraging papers that contribute to a deeper understanding of this final task of the conservation and restoration intervention. The main theme embraces the concepts of retouching, the criteria and limits in the retouching process, the bad retouching impact on heritage and their technical and scientific developments.This Meeting will discuss real-life approaches on retouching, focusing on practical solutions and on sharing experiencesColomina Subiela, A.; Doménech García, B.; Bailão, A. (2023). 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage, RECH6. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/RECH6.2021.1601