5,417 research outputs found

    Beta-glucans to enhance adoptive therapy of anti-cancer T cells

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    Biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke

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    Vibration-based damage localisation: Impulse response identification and model updating methods

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    Structural health monitoring has gained more and more interest over the recent decades. As the technology has matured and monitoring systems are employed commercially, the development of more powerful and precise methods is the logical next step in this field. Especially vibration sensor networks with few measurement points combined with utilisation of ambient vibration sources are attractive for practical applications, as this approach promises to be cost-effective while requiring minimal modification to the monitored structures. Since efficient methods for damage detection have already been developed for such sensor networks, the research focus shifts towards extracting more information from the measurement data, in particular to the localisation and quantification of damage. Two main concepts have produced promising results for damage localisation. The first approach involves a mechanical model of the structure, which is used in a model updating scheme to find the damaged areas of the structure. Second, there is a purely data-driven approach, which relies on residuals of vibration estimations to find regions where damage is probable. While much research has been conducted following these two concepts, different approaches are rarely directly compared using the same data sets. Therefore, this thesis presents advanced methods for vibration-based damage localisation using model updating as well as a data-driven method and provides a direct comparison using the same vibration measurement data. The model updating approach presented in this thesis relies on multiobjective optimisation. Hence, the applied numerical optimisation algorithms are presented first. On this basis, the model updating parameterisation and objective function formulation is developed. The data-driven approach employs residuals from vibration estimations obtained using multiple-input finite impulse response filters. Both approaches are then verified using a simulated cantilever beam considering multiple damage scenarios. Finally, experimentally obtained data from an outdoor girder mast structure is used to validate the approaches. In summary, this thesis provides an assessment of model updating and residual-based damage localisation by means of verification and validation cases. It is found that the residual-based method exhibits numerical performance sufficient for real-time applications while providing a high sensitivity towards damage. However, the localisation accuracy is found to be superior using the model updating method

    Adaboost CNN with Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm to Forecast the Rice Crop Yield

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    Over three billion people use rice every day, and it occupies about 12% of the nation's arable land. Since, due to the growing population and the latest climate change projections, it is critical for governments and planners to obtain timely and accurate rice yield estimates. The proposed work develops a rice crop yield forecasting model based on soil nutrients. Soil nutrients and crop production statistics are taken as an input for the proposed method. In ensemble learning, there are three categories, they are Boosting, Bagging and Stacking. In the proposed method, Boosting technique called Adaboost with Convolutional Neural Network is used to achieve the High accuracy by converting weak classifiers to strong classifiers. Adaptive data cleaning and imputation using frequent values are used as pre-processing approaches in the projected technique. A novel technique known as Convolutional neural network with adaptive boosting (Adaboost) technique is projected and can precisely handle more imbalanced datasets. The data weights are initialized; also the initial CNN is trained utilizing original weights of data. The weights of the second CNN are then modified utilizing the first CNN. These actions will be performed sequentially for all weak classifiers. An optimization algorithm called Horse Herd (HOA) is passed down in the proposed technique to find the optimal weights of the links in the classifier. The proposed method attains 95% accuracy, 87% precision, 85% recall, 5% error, 96% specificity, 87% F1-Score, 97% NPV and 12% FNR value.Thus the designed model as predicted the crop yield prediction in the effective manner

    Foetal monocytes and their journey from liver to periphery: PLVAP marks the exit

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    ABSTRACT Endothelium is the barrier between the blood and tissue stroma. Cells and macromolecules are selectively allowed to traffic through the endothelium to maintain homeostasis. Besides the paracellular transport route at the cell-cell junctions, transcellular pathways also exist. Fenestrae, transendothelial channels, and caveolae are specific structures of endothelial cells. They may be covered by a filtering unit called diaphragm, which is a proteinaceous structure that consists only of plasmalemma vesicle associated protein (PLVAP). PLVAP is known to participate in molecular sieving and cellular transmigration through the endothelium. Nevertheless, the role of PLVAP in the transendothelial cell migration has not been described during the foetal era. The aims of this thesis were to study if PLVAP is functional in leukocyte trafficking in the foetal liver and to examine the dynamics of PLVAP expression in the liver sinusoidal endothelium. We found that PLVAP was needed for the efficient exit of foetal macrophage precursors from the liver to the bloodstream. Moreover, we discovered that the resident macrophage populations in adult mice were diminished under PLVAP deficiency. Surprisingly, we also observed nondiaphragmal PLVAP expression in the sinusoids of postnatal liver that persisted until adulthood. Finally, we aimed to study the resident macrophage ontogeny in depth in testis, which is known to accommodate a substantial macrophage population. Using the PLVAP-deficient mice and other models we revealed that testicular macrophages are mostly derived from foetal origins and that circulating monocytes in the adult mice have a negligible contribution to them. Furthermore, we showed that the resident macrophages in foetal testis are crucial for the normal spermatogenesis in mice. These results are encouraging for further investigation of PLVAP functionalities in the context of general transendothelial leukocyte migration, but also for studying the functions of PLVAP outside diaphragms. Equally intriguing will be to further examine the functions of macrophages needed in the foetal testis to support normal tissue function. KEYWORDS: Tissue development, tissue-resident macrophage, monocytes, testis, liver sinusoidal endothelium, haematopoiesis, PLVAP, transmigrationTIIVISTELMÄ Endoteeli muodostaa fyysisen esteen veren ja kudosten vĂ€lille. Solujen ja makromolekyylien annetaan valikoiden lĂ€pĂ€istĂ€ endoteeliseinĂ€mĂ€ kudosten homeostaasin yllĂ€pitĂ€miseksi. Endoteelisolujen vĂ€listen liitoskohtien lisĂ€ksi lĂ€pikulkureittejĂ€ on itse endoteelisoluissa. Fenestrat eli ikkunat, endoteelin lĂ€pĂ€isevĂ€t kanavat sekĂ€ caveolat eli solukalvon rakkulamaiset sisentymĂ€t ovat endoteelisoluille ominaisia rakenteita. NiitĂ€ voi peittÀÀ suodattimen kaltainen diafragma-niminen rakenne, joka koostuu PLVAP (plasmalemma vesicle associated protein) proteiinista. PLVAP:in tiedetÀÀn osallistuvan molekyylien siivilöintiin sekĂ€ solujen siirtymiseen endoteelin lĂ€pi. PLVAP:in tehtĂ€vĂ€t sikiökaudella tunnetaan huonosti. TĂ€mĂ€n vĂ€itöskirjan tavoitteena oli selvittÀÀ, onko PLVAP:lla funktionaalista merkitystĂ€ alkion maksan valkosoluliikenteessĂ€ ja tutkia PLVAP:in ilmenemisen muutoksia maksan sinusoidien endoteelissĂ€. Selvitimme, ettĂ€ PLVAP:ia tarvitaan makrofagien esiasteiden tehokkaaseen poistumiseen maksasta verenkiertoon. Saimme myös selville, ettĂ€ PLVAP-puutos johtaa pienentyneisiin kudosmakrofagipopulaatioihin. Havaitsimme yllĂ€ttĂ€en PLVAP ilmentymÀÀ maksan sinusoidien diafragmattomissa endoteelisoluissa syntymĂ€n jĂ€lkeen. Lopuksi pyrimme selvittĂ€mÀÀn syvemmin kudosmakrofagien alkuperÀÀ kiveksessĂ€, jossa tiedetÀÀn olevan huomattava makrofagipopulaatio. TyössĂ€mme selvisi, ettĂ€ kiveksen makrofagit ovat enimmĂ€kseen perĂ€isin sikiökaudelta ja ettĂ€ vain pieni osa niistĂ€ tulee veren monosyyteistĂ€. LisĂ€ksi osoitimme, ettĂ€ alkion kiveksen kudosmakrofageja tarvitaan normaaliin hiiren siittiöiden kehitykseen. NĂ€mĂ€ tulokset rohkaisevat tutkimaan sekĂ€ PLVAP:in toiminnallisuutta laajemmin valkosolujen siirtymisessĂ€ endoteeliseinĂ€mien lĂ€pi ettĂ€ PLVAP:in toimintaa diafragmojen ulkopuolella. YhtĂ€ kiinnostavaa olisi perehtyĂ€ syvemmin niihin makrofagien toimintoihin, joita alkion kiveksessĂ€ tarvitaan tukemaan kudoksen normaalia toimintaa. AVAINSANAT: Kudoskehitys, kudosmakrofagi, monosyytit, kives, maksan sinusoidin endoteeli, hematopoieesi, PLVAP, transmigraati

    Curiosities of Weight Loss Diets of the Last 60 Years

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    Lately, we've witnessed the emergence of obesity as a prominent concern for public health and the economy. This issue commands serious attention, impacting millions worldwide, particularly in the most developed nations. Practical approaches to tackling obesity involve tailored physical activity and dietary interventions overseen by qualified healthcare professionals. Nonetheless, some individuals opt for quicker routes, embracing dietary regimens that promise rapid and effortless weight reduction yet lack substantiated scientific backing. Given the potential hazards these approaches pose to well-being, this calls for immediate address, occasionally leading to unexpected and severe consequences. In this review, we aim to analyze the curiosities of popular diets embraced by adults from the 1960s to the present day, including the scientific justification that supports or contradicts their effectiveness.N.S.O. was supported by the Universidad de Alicante, Ministerio de Universidades and the European Union ‘NextGeneration EU/PRTR’ through 2022–2024 Margarita Salas grant (MARSALAS22-23)

    2007 GREAT Day Program

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    SUNY Geneseo’s First Annual G.R.E.A.T. Day.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/program-2007/1001/thumbnail.jp

    30th European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2023)

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    This is the abstract book of 30th European Congress on Obesity (ECO 2023

    Common and Specific Marks of Different Tau Strains Following Intra-Hippocampal Injection of AD, PiD, and GGT Inoculum in hTau Transgenic Mice

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    Heterozygous hTau mice were used for the study of tau seeding. These mice express the six human tau isoforms, with a high predominance of 3Rtau over 4Rtau. The following groups were assessed: (i) non-inoculated mice aged 9 months (n = 4); (ii) Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (iii) Globular Glial Tauopathy (GGT)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (iv) Pick's disease (PiD)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (v) control-inoculated mice (n = 4); and (vi) inoculated with vehicle alone (n = 2). AD-inoculated mice showed AT8-immunoreactive neuronal pre-tangles, granular aggregates, and dots in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus (DG), and hilus, and threads and dots in the ipsilateral corpus callosum. GGT-inoculated mice showed unique or multiple AT8-immunoreactive globular deposits in neurons, occasionally extended to the proximal dendrites. PiD-inoculated mice showed a few loose pre-tangles in the CA1 region, DG, and cerebral cortex near the injection site. Coiled bodies were formed in the corpus callosum in AD-inoculated mice, but GGT-inoculated mice lacked globular glial inclusions. Tau deposits in inoculated mice co-localized active kinases p38-P and SAPK/JNK-P, thus suggesting active phosphorylation of the host tau. Tau deposits were absent in hTau mice inoculated with control homogenates and vehicle alone. Deposits in AD-inoculated hTau mice contained 3Rtau and 4Rtau; those in GGT-inoculated mice were mainly stained with anti-4Rtau antibodies, but a small number of deposits contained 3Rtau. Deposits in PiD-inoculated mice were stained with anti-3Rtau antibodies, but rare neuronal, thread-like, and dot-like deposits showed 4Rtau immunoreactivity. These findings show that tau strains produce different patterns of active neuronal seeding, which also depend on the host tau. Unexpected 3Rtau and 4Rtau deposits after inoculation of homogenates from 4R and 3R tauopathies, respectively, suggests the regulation of exon 10 splicing of the host tau during the process of seeding, thus modulating the plasticity of the cytoskeleton
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