58 research outputs found
The Interactive API (iAPI)
The claim of this paper is that reuse on the Web - if sensibly facilitated - can be achieved in a much more intuitive and efficient fashion than today. The idea is to invert the current perspective on reuse by moving away from programmer-oriented artifacts, such as APIs, web services and data feeds, and focusing on user-oriented artifacts, i.e., graphical user interfaces (UIs). The paper defines a new kind of API, the interactive API (iAPI), which reconciles the intuitiveness of interactive UIs with the power of programmable APIs and enables (i) programmatic access to UIs and (ii) interactive, live programming. The paper discusses use cases and implementation options and lays the foundation for UI-oriented computing as a discipline. Β© Springer International Publishing 2013
Interactive, live mashup development through UI-oriented computing
This paper proposes to approach the problem of developing mashups by exclusively focusing on the SurfaceWeb, that is, the data and functionality accessible through common Web pages. Typically, mashups focus on the integration of resources accessible through the Deep Web, such as data feeds, Web services and Web APIs, that do not have own UIs β next to data extracted from Web pages. Yet, these resources can be wrapped with ad-doc UIs, suitably instrumented, and made accessible through the Surface Web. Doing so enables a UI-oriented computing paradigm that allows developers to implement mashups interactively and in a live fashion inside theirWeb browser, without having to program any line of code. The goal of this paper is to showcase UI-oriented computing in practice and to demonstrate its feasibility and potential
Live, Personal Data Integration Through UI-Oriented Computing
This paper proposes a new perspective on the problem of data integration on the Web: the one of the Surface Web. It introduces the concept of UI-oriented computing as a computing paradigm whose core ingredient are the user interfaces that build up the SurfaceWeb, and shows how a sensible mapping of data integration tasks to user interface elements and user interactions is able to cope with data integration scenarios that so far have only be conceived for the Deep Web with its APIs and Web services. The described approach provides a novel conceptual and technological framework for practices, such as the integration of data APIs/services and the extraction of content from Web pages, that are common practice but still not adequately supported. The approach targets both programmers and users alike and comes as an extensible, open-source browser extension
Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π£Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡThe object of the study is the formation of the policy of RMS in the customs of Canada. Canada has a developed economy, which proves its high position in the world rankings. The purpose of the work is to describe the relationship of foreign economic activity of Canada and the organization of risk management system in the Canadian customs To achieve this goal, the analysis of foreign economic activity of Canada was carried out by studying the country's budget, statistics and foreign trade contracts; study of documentation that describes the risk management system of the customs authorities of Canad
Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ
ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π‘Π£Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠ°Π½Π°Π΄ΡThe object of the study is the formation of the policy of RMS in the customs of Canada. Canada has a developed economy, which proves its high position in the world rankings. The purpose of the work is to describe the relationship of foreign economic activity of Canada and the organization of risk management system in the Canadian customs To achieve this goal, the analysis of foreign economic activity of Canada was carried out by studying the country's budget, statistics and foreign trade contracts; study of documentation that describes the risk management system of the customs authorities of Canad
Employment Instability and High Unemployment Rates
macroeconomics, unemployment
A logic for reasoning about knowledge of unawareness
In the most popular logics combining knowledge and awareness, it is not possible to express statements about knowledge of unawareness such as βAnn knows that Bill is aware of something Ann is not aware ofβ β without using a stronger statement such as βAnn knows that Bill is aware of p and Ann is not aware of pβ, for some particular p. In Halpern and RΓͺgo (2006, 2009b) (revisited in Halpern and RΓͺgo (2009a, 2013)) Halpern and RΓͺgo introduced a logic in which such statements about knowledge of unawareness can be expressed. The logic extends the traditional framework with quantification over formulae, and is thus very expressive. As a consequence, it is not decidable. In this paper we introduce a decidable logic which can be used to reason about certain types of unawareness. Our logic extends the traditional framework with an operator expressing full awareness, i.e., the fact that an agent is aware of everything, and another operator expressing relative awareness, the fact that one agent is aware of everything another agent is aware of. The logic is less expressive than Halpernβs and RΓͺgoβs logic. It is, however, expressive enough to express all of the motivating examples in Halpern and RΓͺgo (2006, 2009b). In addition to proving that the logic is decidable and that its satisfiability problem is PSPACE-complete, we present an axiomatisation which we show is sound and complete
- β¦