281,773 research outputs found
Performance study of an underlay cognitive radio network in the presence of co-channel interference
PhD ThesisMassive innovation in all aspects of the wireless communication network
has been witnessed over the last few decades. The demand for data
throughput is continuously growing, as such, the current regulations for
allocating frequency spectrum are not able to respond to this exponential growth. Cognitive radio (CR), has been proposed as a solution to
this problem. One of the possible scenarios of the implementation of CR
is underlay cognitive radio. In this thesis the performance of an underlay cognitive radio network (UCRN) in the presence of the co-channel
interference (CCI) is assessed.
Firstly, the impact of CCI on the dual-hop cooperative UCRN is investigated over Rayleigh fading channels. In order to do this, the exact outage
probability (OP), average error probability (AEP) and the ergodic capacity (EC) are studied. In addition, simple and asymptotic expressions
for the OP and AEP are derived. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation is investigated to enhance the network performance. Moreover,
the performance of a multi-user scenario is studied by considering the
opportunistic SNR-based selection technique.
Secondly, the effect of both primary network interference and CCI on
the dual-hop UCRN over Rayleigh fading channels are studied. The
equivalent signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for this network
scenario is obtained by considering multi-antenna schemes at all receiver
nodes. The different signal combinations at the receiver nodes are investigated and compared, such as selection combining (SC) and maximum
ratio combining (MRC) techniques. Then, the equivalent probability
density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of
the network’s equivalent SINR are derived and discussed. Furthermore,
expressions for the exact OP, AEP, and EC are derived and reviewed.
In addition, asymptotic OP expressions are obtained for different case
scenarios to gain an insight into the network parameters.
Thirdly, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) UCRN is investigated
under the influence of primary transmitter interference and CCI over
Rayleigh fading channels. The transmit antenna selection and maximum
ratio combining (TAS/MRC) techniques are considered for examining
the performance of the secondary network. At first the equivalent SINR
for the system is derived, then the exact and approximate expressions
for the OP are derived and discussed.
Fourthly, considering Nakagami-m fading channels, the performance of
the UCRN is thoroughly studied with the consideration of the impact
of primary network interference and CCI. The equivalent SINR for the
secondary system is derived. Then, the system equivalent PDF and CDF
are derived and discussed. Furthermore, the OP and AEP performances
are investigated.
Finally, for the cases mentioned above, numerical examples in conjunction with MatLab Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the
derived results. The results show that CCI is one of the factors that
severely reduces the UCRN performance. This can be more observable
when the CCI power increases linearly with the transmission power of
the secondary transmitter nodes. Furthermore, it was found that in
a multi-user scenario the opportunistic SNR-based selection technique
consideration can improve the performance of the network. Moreover,
adaptive power allocation is found to give better results than equal power
allocation. In addition, cooperative communication can be considered to
be an effective way to combat the impact of transmission power limitation of the secondary network and interference power constraint. The
multi-antenna schemes are another important consideration for enhancing the overall performance. In fact, despite the interference from the
CCI and primary user sources, the multi-antennas scheme does not lose
its advantage in the UCRN performance improvementHigher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED). I am also grateful to
the Ministry of Transportation and Communication, Kurdistan Regional
Government-Iraq
Sustainability experiments in the agri-food system : uncovering the factors of new governance and collaboration success
In recent years, research, society and industry recognize the need to transform the agri-food system towards sustainability. Within this process, sustainability experiments play a crucial role in transforming the structure, culture and practices. In literature, much attention is given to new business models, even if the transformation of conventional firms toward sustainability may offer opportunities to accelerate the transformation. Further acceleration could be achieved through collaboration of multiple actors across the agri-food system, but this calls for a systems approach. Therefore, we developed and applied a new sustainability experiment systems approach (SESA) consisting of an analytical framework that allows a reflective evaluation and cross-case analysis of multi-actor governance networks based on business and learning evaluation criteria. We performed a cross-case analysis of four agri-food sustainability experiments in Flanders to test and validate SESA. Hereby, the key factors of the success of collaboration and its performance were identified at the beginning of a sustainability experiment. Some of the key factors identified were risk sharing and the drivers to participate. We are convinced that these results may be used as an analytical tool for researchers, a tool to support and design new initiatives for policymakers, and a reflective tool for participating actors
5G green cellular networks considering power allocation schemes
It is important to assess the effect of transmit power allocation schemes on
the energy consumption on random cellular networks. The energy efficiency of 5G
green cellular networks with average and water-filling power allocation schemes
is studied in this paper. Based on the proposed interference and achievable
rate model, an energy efficiency model is proposed for MIMO random cellular
networks. Furthermore, the energy efficiency with average and water-filling
power allocation schemes are presented, respectively. Numerical results
indicate that the maximum limits of energy efficiency are always there for MIMO
random cellular networks with different intensity ratios of mobile stations
(MSs) to base stations (BSs) and channel conditions. Compared with the average
power allocation scheme, the water-filling scheme is shown to improve the
energy efficiency of MIMO random cellular networks when channel state
information (CSI) is attainable for both transmitters and receivers.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Power beacon-assisted energy harvesting in a half-duplex communication network under co-channel interference over a Rayleigh fading environment: Energy efficiency and outage probability analysis
In this time, energy efficiency (EE), measured in bits per Watt, has been considered as an important emerging metric in energy-constrained wireless communication networks because of their energy shortage. In this paper, we investigate power beacon assisted (PB) energy harvesting (EH) in half-duplex (HD) communication network under co-channel Interferer over Rayleigh fading environment. In this work, we investigate the model system with the time switching (TS) protocol. Firstly, the exact and asymptotic form expressions of the outage probability (OP) are analyzed and derived. Then the system EE is investigated and the influence of the primary system parameters on the system performance. Finally, we verify the correctness of the analytical expressions using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we can state that the simulation and analytical results are the same.Web of Science1213art. no. 257
Hybrid Spectrum Allocation Scheme in Wireless Cellular Networks
Mobile services have seen a major upswing driven by the bandwidth hungry applications thus leading to higher data rate requirements on the wireless networks. Spectrum being the most precious resource in the wireless industry is of keen interest. Various spectrum assignment and frequency reuse schemes have been proposed in literature. However in future networks, dynamic schemes that adapt to spatio-temporal variation in the environment are desired. We thus present a hybrid spectrum assignment scheme which adapts its allocation strategies depending on user distribution in the system. Results show that the proposed dynamic spectrum assignment strategy improves spectrum utilization thereby providing a higher data rate for the users
Fronthaul-Constrained Cloud Radio Access Networks: Insights and Challenges
As a promising paradigm for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication
systems, cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been shown to reduce both
capital and operating expenditures, as well as to provide high spectral
efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The fronthaul in such networks,
defined as the transmission link between a baseband unit (BBU) and a remote
radio head (RRH), requires high capacity, but is often constrained. This
article comprehensively surveys recent advances in fronthaul-constrained
C-RANs, including system architectures and key techniques. In particular, key
techniques for alleviating the impact of constrained fronthaul on SE/EE and
quality of service for users, including compression and quantization,
large-scale coordinated processing and clustering, and resource allocation
optimization, are discussed. Open issues in terms of software-defined
networking, network function virtualization, and partial centralization are
also identified.Comment: 5 Figures, accepted by IEEE Wireless Communications. arXiv admin
note: text overlap with arXiv:1407.3855 by other author
The management of academic workloads: full report on findings
The pressures on UK higher education (from explicit
competition and growth in student numbers, to severe
regulatory demands) are greater than ever, and have
resulted in a steady increase in measures taken by
universities to actively manage their finances and overall
quality. These pressures are also likely to have impacted on staff and, indeed, recent large surveys in the sector have indicated that almost half of respondents find their
workloads unmanageable. Against this background it would
seem logical that the emphasis on institutional interventions to improve finance and quality, should be matched by similar attention given to the allocation of workloads to staff, and a focus on how best to utilise people’s time - the single biggest resource available within universities.
Thus the aim of this piece of research was to focus on the
processes and practices surrounding the allocation of staff
workloads within higher education. Ten diverse organisations were selected for study: six universities in the UK, two overseas universities and two non higher education (but knowledge-intensive) organisations. In each, a crosssection of staff was selected, and in-depth interviews carried out. A total of 59 such interviews were carried out across the ten organisations. By identifying typical practices, as well as interesting alternatives, views on the various strengths and weaknesses of each of their workload allocation approaches was collated; and associated factors requiring attention identified. Through an extensive process of analysis, approaches which promoted more equitable loads for individuals, and which might provide synergies for institutions were also investigated
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