Assessment of body posture of boys aged 7-15 in relation to the body mass index – BMI

Łubkowska Wioletta, Mroczek Bożena. Assessment of body posture of boys aged 7-15 in relation to the body mass index – BMI. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(3):371-380. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.344520 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4289 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 12.02.2017. Revised 23.02.2017. Accepted: 28.02.2017. ASSESSMENT OF BODY POSTURE OF BOYS AGED 7‑15 IN RELATION TO THE BODY MASS INDEX -BMI Wioletta Łubkowska¹, Bożena Mroczek² ¹Faculty of Physical Education and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland [email protected] ²Department of Humanities in Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland [email protected] SUMMARY Introduction. The problem of growing incidence of bad posture in children and adolescents is so significant that it has become an important social problem. One of reasons behind higher incidence of abnormal posture may be underweight, overweight or obesity. Objectives. Evaluation of incidence of bad posture in boys aged 7-15, including the Body Mass Index (BMI). Material and methods. The study included 511 boys aged 7-15 from Szczecin. Each age group consisted of approx. 50-70 children. Posture was assessed with the spherosomatometric method. Physiological curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane were determined. Next, normative values for anterior-posterior spinal curvatures were used to determine the incidence of bad posture. Based on logistic regression, the parameters of the logit model were assessed, taking into account subjects’ age and BMI. Results. In the entire population, bad posture was identified in 32.48% of subjects. Age did not differentiate the incidence of bad posture in terms of statistical significance. Boys with incorrect BMI amounted to 28.37% of all subjects. Underweight was observed in 6.96% of subjects. 7.54% of subjects were overweight and 2.03% obese, which gave a total of 9.57% of the researched population. The increase in BMI correlated with higher chances of bad posture by almost 25%, while age was a variable which reduced the risk of bad posture by almost 15%. Conclusions. Incorrect BMI predisposed subjects to bad posture. High proportion of children with bad posture justify the need to promote preventive and corrective measures. The increasing proportion of overweight and obese children should serve as a motivator to shape healthy behaviors of students and parents, as well as schools and the medical environment. Key words: body posture, bad posture, BMI, children and adolescent

Functional School-Based Physical Therapy Management For A Child With Pallister-Killian Syndrome: A Case Report

Background and Purpose: Pallister-Killian Syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic disorder resulting from an additional short arm in chromosome 12. This condition leads to varying levels of multi-system impairments that impact a child’s development in gross motor skills yielding functional limitations. Pediatric physical therapy (PT) management is crucial for these children to facilitate improvements in sitting, standing, and ambulation. The purpose of this case report was to describe functional school-based PT management for a child with PKS. Case Description: The child was a seven-year-old male diagnosed with PKS at 20 weeks’ gestation. The child was seen for PT five times a week in a specialized school setting for six weeks. The child presented with hypotonia, delayed gross motor skills, generalized weakness, and impaired posture. The child’s level of function was classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System Level V. The child required minimum assistance in sitting and maximum assistance for standing and ambulating. Interventions included: standing exercise, body-weight support treadmill training (BWSTT), overground gait training, and a standing program. Outcomes: The child’s standing time progressed from 16 seconds to 3:05 minutes, reciprocal stepping during BWSTT improved from 3 to 63 steps, and overground gait training progressed from 0 to 6 steps. Improvements in observational posture and strength were also seen. The standing program was not tolerated by the child, therefore removed from the plan of care (POC). Discussion: This six-week POC resulted in improved standing time, reciprocal steps, strength, and posture for a child with PKS. Further research is warranted on the benefits of these interventions to elicit improvements in gross motor function and declines in disability for children with PKS

MRI spectrum of cerebral palsy in correlation with clinical profile

OBJECTIVES: To describe MRI brain spectrum in a group of Cerebral Palsy children and correlate with perinatal history, clinical subgroups. To correlate callosal thinning with topographies and periventricular leukomalacia grades. METHODS: IRB approved observational study (cross sectional study) on CP children in between the period March 2012-October 2013 in Christian Medical College, Vellore. The important MRI features described are periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), deep gray nuclei involvement, cystic encephalomalacia, arterial territory infarcts, corpus callosal thinning, perirolandic cortical gliosis and malformations. These were correlated with the relevant perinatal history and clinical subgroups by cross tabulation and Chi square tests. RESULTS: A set of specific MRI features can be seen in different clinical pictures and a particular clinical picture can have varied MRI findings. Higher grades of PVL are associated with higher degree of neurological deficit and higher grades of thinning of corpus callosum. Deep gray nucleus signal abnormalities are seen significantly with combination of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and birth asphyxia. Dystonic cerebral palsy is strongly associated with the deep gray nuclei involvement. Callosal thinning may be an isolated finding in CP; hence an important pick up

Static balance function in children with a history of preterm birth

Background: The incomplete maturation of brain in preterm children results in long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. This study aimed to investigate the static balance function in children with a history of preterm birth. Methods: Participants were 31 preterm children including 21 moderately preterm (MPT), 10 very preterm (VPT), and 20 term children aged 5.5 and 6.5 years. The cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) test and four static balance subscales of BOT-2 were performed. Results: The VPT children showed a significant increase in P1 and N1 wave latencies in cVEMP test compared to those in the term children (p= 0.041). Mean scores in the four static balance subscales of BOT-2 were significantly lower in the preterm children compared to those in the term children (p= 0.025). The P1 wave latency (p= 0.003) and mean score of standing on a balance beam with open eyes (p= 0.039) were significantly lower in the VPT children compared to those in the MPT children. A significant correlation was observed between the mean score in exercise 4 (standing on one leg on a balance beam with closed eyes) of static balance subscales of BOT-2 and P1 (r= -0.267, p= 0.036) and N1 (r= -0.304, p= 0.016) wave latencies of cVEMP. Conclusion: The longer latency of cVEMP waves along with a poor performance of children with a history of preterm birth suggests a possible defect in central vestibular pathway

Symptomatic asymmetry in the first six months of life: differential diagnosis

Asymmetry in infancy is a clinical condition with a wide variation in appearances (shape, posture, and movement), etiology, localization, and severity. The prevalence of an asymmetric positional preference is 12% of all newborns during the first six months of life. The asymmetry is either idiopathic or symptomatic. Pediatricians and physiotherapists have to distinguish symptomatic asymmetry (SA) from idiopathic asymmetry (IA) when examining young infants with a positional preference to determine the prognosis and the intervention strategy. The majority of cases will be idiopathic, but the initial presentation of a positional preference might be a symptom of a more serious underlying disorder. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current information on the incidence of SA, as well as the possible causes and the accompanying signs that differentiate SA from IA. This review presents an overview of the nine most prevalent disorders in infants in their first six months of life leading to SA. We have discovered that the literature does not provide a comprehensive analysis of the incidence, characteristics, signs, and symptoms of SA. Knowledge of the presented clues is important in the clinical decision making with regard to young infants with asymmetry. We recommend to design a valid and useful screening instrument

Effects of dance therapy on balance, gait and neuro-psychological performances in patients with Parkinson's disease and postural instability

Postural Instability (PI) is a core feature of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and a major cause of falls and disabilities. Impairment of executive functions has been called as an aggravating factor on motor performances. Dance therapy has been shown effective for improving gait and has been suggested as an alternative rehabilitative method. To evaluate gait performance, spatial-temporal (S-T) gait parameters and cognitive performances in a cohort of patients with PD and PI modifications in balance after a cycle of dance therapy

TITE: ESTABLISHING AN INTEGRATED DIAGNOSTIC PROFILE OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD) THROUGH THE USE OF ESSENCE FRAMEWORK. THE CASE STUDY OF A 3-YEAR-OLD INFANT

Neurodevelopmental disorders appear in early childhood and cause serious impairment in several areas. These are characterized by damages or delays in development of functions closely associated with the biological aging of the central nervous system. Neurodevelopmental disorders include speech and language disorders, learning disorders, motor and divisive disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Aiming to explore the various phenotypic characteristics of these disorders as well as their co-morbidity or coexistence, an emerging body of studies stressed the importance of both early multidisciplinary assessment and intervention in the framework of these disorders. Due to the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders there should be specific diagnostic groups so as to apply timely and multifactorial diagnoses. Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE) are considered as an assessment concept that could contribute to multifactorial early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Early, adequate, and comprehensive diagnosis conduces to early, effective, and well adapted to individual’s needs intervention programs. In the current study, the ESSENCE framework was used as the key diagnostic approach for both definitive and multifactorial diagnosis of a 3-year-old infant with a wide range of impairments.   Article visualizations

Cervical Dystonia Mimics: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Background: Cervical dystonia is mostly idiopathic in nature. However, a small subset of cases are mimics, leading to diagnostic pitfalls. There is paucity of literature on pseudodystonias affecting the cervical region. Method: We performed a retrospective review of patients attending a movement disorders clinic over a period of 7 years (2012–2018). Among them, those who were considered to have mimics of cervical dystonia based upon clinical and supportive investigations were included. Results: Six out of 2,412 patients (0.24%) were diagnosed as cervical dystonia mimics and the causes included isolated neck extensor myopathy (2), craniovertebral junction anomalies (2), sternocleidomastoid fibrosis (1) and post traumatic sequelae (1). Among these patients, three patients had received various treatments for cervical dystonia, including botulinum toxin injections. Discussion: Mimics of isolated cervical dystonia are rare. A high degree of suspicion and proper diligent clinical assessment assists management and prognostication

Upper and lower limb strength and body posture in children with congenital hypothyroidism: An observational case-control study

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an endocrine disease with a precocious significant impairment of growth and neuromotor development. Thyroid hormones are essential for central nervous system development, maturation, and myelination. Furthermore, thyroid hormone deficiency affects the function of several systems, including the musculoskeletal system. The disease has a significant incidence in the general population (1:3000–1:2000newbornsinItaly). The aim of the present study was to evaluate any differences in upper and lower limb strength, body sway, and plantar loading distribution in children with CH compared to healthy children. Methods: In this study, the case group was composed of children with CH (CHG), while the control group included healthy children (CG).Both groups comprised 19 children (CHG: female =12; CG: female=9). The maximum isometric hand grip strength and explosive-elastic lower limb strength were assessed with the hand grip test and the Sargent test, respectively. The stabilometric and baropodometric analyses were used to measure the Center of Pressure displacements and the plantar loading distribution between feet, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by a univariate analysis of covariance using as covariates weight and height with the significant level set at < 0.05. Results: We found that CHG children were shorter and thinner than CG ones (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the upper and lower limb strength was found between groups. CHG exhibited a significant greater Sway Path Length (p < 0.01) and Ellipse Surface (p < 0.05) than CG. Moreover, CHG displayed an asymmetric plantar loading distribution with a significant lower percentage in the right than in the left foot (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant lower plantar loading percentage in the right foot of CHG than in the right foot of CG was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings seem to suggest that CH does not affect muscle strength in early treated children. However, these patients show poor postural control ability and asymmetric plantar loading distribution. Increasing the physical activity in these children could improve their body posture