Optical data of meteoritic nano-diamonds from far-ultraviolet to far-infrared wavelengths

We have used different spectroscopic techniques to obtain a consistent quantitative absorption spectrum of a sample of meteoritic nano-diamonds in the wavelength range from the vacuum ultraviolet (0.12 $\mu$m) to the far infrared (100 $\mu$m). The nano-diamonds have been isolated by a chemical treatment from the Allende meteorite (Braatz et al.2000). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) extends the optical measurements to higher energies and allows the derivation of the optical constants (n & k) by Kramers-Kronig analysis. The results can be used to restrain observations and to improve current models of the environment where the nano-diamonds are expected to have formed. We also show that the amount of nano-diamond which can be present in space is higher than previously estimated by Lewis et al. (1989).Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Fundamental limits to optical response in absorptive systems

At visible and infrared frequencies, metals show tantalizing promise for strong subwavelength resonances, but material loss typically dampens the response. We derive fundamental limits to the optical response of absorptive systems, bounding the largest enhancements possible given intrinsic material losses. Through basic conservation-of-energy principles, we derive geometry-independent limits to per-volume absorption and scattering rates, and to local-density-of-states enhancements that represent the power radiated or expended by a dipole near a material body. We provide examples of structures that approach our absorption and scattering limits at any frequency, by contrast, we find that common "antenna" structures fall far short of our radiative LDOS bounds, suggesting the possibility for significant further improvement. Underlying the limits is a simple metric, $|\chi|^2 / \operatorname{Im} \chi$ for a material with susceptibility $\chi$, that enables broad technological evaluation of lossy materials across optical frequencies.Comment: 21 pages and 6 figures (excluding appendices, references

Far-field optical microscope with nanometer-scale resolution based on in-plane surface plasmon imaging

A new far-field optical microscopy technique capable of reaching nanometer-scale resolution has been developed recently using the in-plane image magnification by surface plasmon polaritons. This microscopy is based on the optical properties of a metal-dielectric interface that may, in principle, provide extremely large values of the effective refractive index n up to 100-1000 as seen by the surface plasmons. Thus, the theoretical diffraction limit on resolution becomes lambda/2n, and falls into the nanometer-scale range. The experimental realization of the microscope has demonstrated the optical resolution better than 50 nm for 502 nm illumination wavelength. However, the theory of such surface plasmon-based far-field microscope presented so far gives an oversimplified picture of its operation. For example, the imaginary part of the metal dielectric constant severely limits the surface-plasmon propagation and the shortest attainable wavelength in most cases, which in turn limits the microscope magnification. Here I describe how this limitation has been overcome in the experiment, and analyze the practical limits on the surface plasmon microscope resolution. In addition, I present more experimental results, which strongly support the conclusion of extremely high spatial resolution of the surface plasmon microscope.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, will be published in the topical issue on Nanostructured Optical Metamaterials of the Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, Manuscript revised in response to referees comment

The impact of personality trait on the relationship of emotional intelligence and self-esteem

Fundamental science of psychology often rooted in diversity theory that touching reality of human and humanity. Theoretical solution alone may not be able to unlock the psychological issues because it is closely related to affective, cognitive and human behaviour in the workplace. In this study, the issues in the workplace are referring to personality, emotional intelligence and self-esteem of employees. The specific purpose of this study was to test the effect of extraversion personality as a moderator towards the relationship of emotional intelligence and self-esteem of employees. A total of 196 civil servants in the Local Authority (LA) have been selected as respondents. Measurement tools that used is Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (EPQR-S), Emotional Intelligence Self-Description Inventory (EISDI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The data was analysed by using the hierarchical regression analysis. The finding shows that the two hypotheses are accepted. From this analysis as well, there was a moderating effect of extraversion personality on the relationship between emotional intelligence (perception and appraisal of emotion, and understanding emotions) with self-esteem of employees. The most important finding shows that extraversion personality serves as moderator when the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem are enhanced if extraversion were on a high level. This is compared with the low levels of extraversion personality that causing on relationship of emotional intelligence with self-esteem more weaker

Single-molecule spectroscopy near structured dielectrics

We present an analytical approach to the calculation of the linewidth and lineshift of an atom or molecule in the near field of a structured dielectric surface. For soft surface corrugations with amplitude lambda/50, we find variations of the linewidth in the ten percent region. More strikingly, the shift of the molecular resonance can reach several natural linewidths. We demonstrate that the lateral resolution is of the order of the molecule-surface distance. We give a semiquantitative explanation of the outcome of our calculations that is based on simple intuitive models.Comment: to be published in Optics Communications (16 pages, 14 PostScript figures, uses LaTeX packages amsfonts, a4, graphicx, multicol

Hypercube matrix computation task

A major objective of the Hypercube Matrix Computation effort at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is to investigate the applicability of a parallel computing architecture to the solution of large-scale electromagnetic scattering problems. Three scattering analysis codes are being implemented and assessed on a JPL/California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Mark 3 Hypercube. The codes, which utilize different underlying algorithms, give a means of evaluating the general applicability of this parallel architecture. The three analysis codes being implemented are a frequency domain method of moments code, a time domain finite difference code, and a frequency domain finite elements code. These analysis capabilities are being integrated into an electromagnetics interactive analysis workstation which can serve as a design tool for the construction of antennas and other radiating or scattering structures. The first two years of work on the Hypercube Matrix Computation effort is summarized. It includes both new developments and results as well as work previously reported in the Hypercube Matrix Computation Task: Final Report for 1986 to 1987 (JPL Publication 87-18)