Testing the Iron Deficiency Anemia Hypothesis using p-XRF

One controversy within the field of bioarchaeology revolves around theories that describe what environmental factors and illnesses could be causing cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH). These two pathological conditions, which are identified by porosities on the human cranium, are used by bioarchaeologists to estimate the health of archaeological remains. In the past, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was widely believed to be causing these conditions. A range of factors, such as parasitic infections and lack of iron through dietary consumption, cause IDA. Because of the hypothesis connecting CO and PH to IDA, archaeological remains with visible porosities have had their life history inferred upon through our understanding of IDA. Recent research has refuted the IDA hypothesis and has shown support for other anemia types like megaloblastic anemia. These two conditions have been used and will be used in future research to estimate life history, therefore it is crucial to understand what factors indeed cause these conditions. Bioarchaeologists use invaluable samples from the archaeological record, and current research methods used to assess the IDA hypothesis destroy samples. However, given its multiple positive characteristics, p-XRF has the capability of expanding research, while keeping samples intact. P-XRF uses photons to measure naturally occurring electron volt differences found between elements. To test the applicability of p-XRF in this context, a visual analysis will first score the degree of each condition found on sample crania using standard methods, while p-XRF technology will directly determine if iron element concentration differences exist between samples. Data will be analyzed through a T-test to assess the probability of a difference in element concentrations being found within our samples while coinciding with pathology and its degree. Results will support or refute the IDA hypothesis, and the effectiveness of this research method for future use evaluating the IDA anemia hypothesis

REDISCOVERING CIVIL WAR CLASSICS:Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and Women

LET US NOW PRAISE FAMOUS MEN AND WOMEN Let us now praise famous women. Ida Tarbell, one of the most famous women of the early twentieth century, was praised as a muckraker and garnered fame for her 1904 expose of Standard Oil, two years before a famous man, Upton Sinclair, earned praise f...

Vulnerability Assessment of Building Frames Subjected to Progressive Collapse Caused by Earthquake

Progressive collapse is an initial local failure of the structural component and leading to the additional collapse of the building frames. This study investigated the vulnerability of four- and six-storey moment resisting concrete frame (MRCF) buildings subjected to progressive collapse. The four- and six-storey MRCF buildings were designed based on British Standard (BS) and Eurocode (EC). The differences between these two codes were investigated. Nonlinear static analysis, which is also known as pushover analysis (POA), and nonlinear dynamic analysis or incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), were performed for each model to obtain capacity curve and explore vulnerability measures. IDA was conducted using a sample of ground motion from an earthquake that occurred in Ranau, Sabah in 2015. The four-storey building was more vulnerable than the six-storey building

Rotating Black Holes at Future Colliders. III. Determination of Black Hole Evolution

TeV scale gravity scenario predicts that the black hole production dominates over all other interactions above the scale and that the Large Hadron Collider will be a black hole factory. Such higher dimensional black holes mainly decay into the standard model fields via the Hawking radiation whose spectrum can be computed from the greybody factor. Here we complete the series of our work by showing the greybody factors and the resultant spectra for the brane localized spinor and vector field emissions for arbitrary frequencies. Combining these results with the previous works, we determine the complete radiation spectra and the subsequent time evolution of the black hole. We find that, for a typical event, well more than half a black hole mass is emitted when the hole is still highly rotating, confirming our previous claim that it is important to take into account the angular momentum of black holes.Comment: typoes in eqs(82)-(84) corrected; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D; references and a footnote added; same manuscript with high resolution embedded figures available on http://www.gakushuin.ac.jp/univ/sci/phys/ida/paper

Motivational engagement in first-time hearing aid users: a feasibility study

Objective: To assess (1) the feasibility of incorporating the Ida Institute’s Motivation Tools into a UK audiology service, (2) the potential benefits of motivational engagement in first-time hearing aid users, and (3) predictors of hearing aid and general health outcome measures. Design: A feasibility study using a single-centre, prospective, quasi-randomized controlled design with two arms. The Ida Institute’s Motivation Tools formed the basis for motivational engagement. Study sample: First-time hearing aid users were recruited at the initial hearing assessment appointment. The intervention arm underwent motivational engagement (M+, n = 32), and a control arm (M-, n = 36) received standard care only. Results: The M+ group showed greater self-efficacy, reduced anxiety, and greater engagement with the audiologist at assessment and fitting appointments. However, there were no significant between-group differences 10-weeks post-fitting. Hearing-related communication scores predicted anxiety, and social isolation scores predicted depression for the M+ group. Readiness to address hearing difficulties predicted hearing aid outcomes for the M- group. Hearing sensitivity was not a predictor of outcomes. Conclusions: There were some positive results from motivational engagement early in the patient journey. Future research should consider using qualitative methods to explore whether there are longer-term benefits of motivational engagement in hearing aid users