The Silent Arms Race: The Role of the Supercomputer During the Cold War, 1947-1963

One of the central features of the Cold War is the Arms Race. The United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist republics vied for supremacy over the globe for a fifty-year period in which there were several arms races; atomic weapons, thermonuclear weapons and various kinds of conventional weapons. However, there is another arms race that goes unsung during this period of history and that is in the area of supercomputing. The other types of arms races are taken for granted by historians and others, but the technological competition between the superpowers would have been impossible without the historically silent arms race in the area of supercomputers. The construction of missiles, jets as well as the testing of nuclear weapons had serious implications for international relations. Often perception is more important than fact. Perceived power maintained a deterrent effect on the two superpowers. If one superpower suspected that they, in fact, had an advantage over the other then the balance of power would be upset and more aggressive measures might have been taken in various fronts of the conflict, perhaps leading to war. Due to this, it was necessary to maintain a balance of power not only in weapons but in supercomputing as well. Considering the role that the computers played, it is time for closer historical scrutiny

Dictionary-based Data Generation for Fine-Tuning Bert for Adverbial Paraphrasing Tasks

Recent advances in natural language processing technology have led to the emergence of large and deep pre-trained neural networks. The use and focus of these networks are on transfer learning. More specifically, retraining or fine-tuning such pre-trained networks to achieve state of the art performance in a variety of challenging natural language processing/understanding (NLP/NLU) tasks. In this thesis, we focus on identifying paraphrases at the sentence level using the network Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). It is well understood that in deep learning the volume and quality of training data is a determining factor of performance. The objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology for algorithmic generation of high-quality training data for paraphrasing task, an important NLU task, as well as the evaluation of the resulting training data on fine-tuning BERT to identify paraphrases. Here we will focus on elementary adverbial paraphrases, but the methodology extends to the general case. In this work, training data for adverbial paraphrasing was generated utilizing an Oxfordiii synonym dictionary, and we used the generated data to re-train BERT for the paraphrasing task with strong results, achieving a validation accuracy of 96.875%

Highway Research

The Division of Research is responsible for: Developing and carrying out a comprehensive research program on all aspects of transportation engineering and operations. Maintaining lateral communication and coordination with other segments of the Department of Transportation regarding the development and conduct of research studies and special investigations of various operational and engineering problems. Maintaining relations and cooperating with universities, professional organizations, and other transportation agencies; evaluating and reporting the research experiences of those agencies; and utilizing their findings directly or with further research for the benefit of the Kentucky Department of Transportation. Maintaining an up-to-date library of research findings on various transportation activities throughout the world. Reporting and documenting pertinent data and performance of experimental designs and construction features undertaken by other divisions and offices in the Department

Application of solar energy to air conditioning systems

The results of a survey of solar energy system applications of air conditioning are summarized. Techniques discussed are both solar powered (absorption cycle and the heat engine/Rankine cycle) and solar related (heat pump). Brief descriptions of the physical implications of various air conditioning techniques, discussions of status, proposed technological improvements, methods of utilization and simulation models are presented, along with an extensive bibliography of related literature

Working Papers as Federal Records: The Need for New Legislation to Preserve the History of National Policy

This article deals with policy records at the front end of their lives; that is, preserving them from destruction by federal agencies in the decades immediately after their creation. It does not deal with the destruction of archived documents by Archives officials themselves. It discusses only in passing the related question of how long a policy record should be sealed off from public inspection; the literature includes a variety of opinions on that subject. The author is content to leave to others the problem of just where to draw the balance between making historical documentation available soon enough so that it can offer relevant lessons to citizens, but not so soon as to discourage officials from putting their candid thoughts and recommendations on paper or disk, for fear of public exposure and pressure. He focuses, instead, on the preservation of governmental records, and particularly of drafts, comments, and other working papers. Of course the issues of preservation and access are intimately linked: if records are routinely destroyed as soon as they are no longer needed by their creators, public access-even much delayed public access-becomes altogether impossible

REVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF AUTOMATIC MACHINE TRANSLATION

Automatsko strojno prevođenje postalo je nezamjenjiv dio velikog broja organizacija koje posluju u međunarodnom okruženju i koje imaju potrebu generirati velike količine prijevoda za svoju dokumentaciju. Strojno prevođenje danas se smatra jednom od neizostavnih disruptivnih tehnologija koja uvelike doprinose cjelovitoj transformaciji poslovnih procesa u segmentu prevođenja tekstova napisanih na prirodnom jeziku. Ideja iza strojnog prevođenje je omogućiti automatizaciju barem dijela procesa prevođenja, posebno kada je riječ o velikoj količini podataka, ne bi li se ubrzalo cjelokupno poslovanje jedne organizacije i time se ostvarila konkurentska prednost na tržištu koje se brzo mijenja i kojemu se brzo treba prilagoditi. No, razvoj tehnologije automatskog strojnog prevođenja nije tekao tako glatko. Naime, razvoj je popraćen nizom uspona i padova, a upravo je cilj ovog znanstvenog rada dati kritičan i sistematiziran pregled svih ključnih faza razvoja navedene tehnologije, i to u kontekstu svjetskih, ali i domaćih istraživanja u tom području.Automatic machine translation has become a truly irreplaceable part of a large number of organizations that operate in an international environment and in need of generating large amounts of translations for their documentation. Today, machine translation is considered one of the indispensable disruptive technologies that greatly contribute to the complete transformation of business processes in the segment of translating texts written in natural language. The idea behind machine translation is to enable the automation of at least part of the translation process, especially when it comes to a large amount of data, in order to speed up the overall business of an organization and thus gain a competitive advantage in a rapidly changing market, to which one needs to adapt quickly. But the development of automatic machine translation technology did not go so smoothly. Namely, the development is accompanied by a series of ups and downs, and the aim of this very research paper is to give a critical and systematic overview of all key stages of development of this technology, in the context of global and domestic research in this area

Catalyst for Change: Mutual Funds in Canada

The growth of the mutual funds industry in the last thirty years has been spectacular, both in the United States and in Canada. Although a superficial comparison of the industries in these countries might indicate a high degree of similarity, the industry in Canada operates \u27within a surprisingly different framework, both from the standpoint of regulation and taxation. The effect of this framework on fund behavior, however, is not easily predictable. This in-depth examination of the Canadian mutual funds industry describes the framework \u27within which that industry operates and the resulting effects on fund behavior. In doing so, it provides the basis for a comparison between the mutual funds industry of Canada and that of the United States which, at least by inference, suggests that certain patterns of fund behavior may be endemic to the industry, whether it be Canadian or American, and, accordingly, in regulating that industry that there are certain factors worthy of consideration, no matter where in North America the industry is operating

Clemson Catalog, 1961-1962, Volume 37

https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/clemson_catalog/1117/thumbnail.jp