A Lighting Control System in Buildings based on Fuzzy Logic

Lighting generally consumed 25%-50% of total electricity consumption in a building. Nowadays, the building lighting source is dominated by the use of fluorescent lamps. The previous technical papers by other researchers had focused on power density control of incandescent lamps, which is now rarely used, unconsidered national standard as control reference value, and required a high-cost in investment. By these reasons, this paper proposes a building lighting system based on fuzzy logic scheme to automate fluorescent lamps in order to achieve illumination according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The input variables were indoor lighting, inference from outdoor lighting, and occupancy. The output variable was the required illumination to achieve the standard. The required illumination determined the number of lamps that had to be turned on. In the experiment result, a classroom illumination of lighting without controller in workdays was about 350 lux, while with the proposed controller it varied between 250–300 lux close to the SNI, i.e. 250 lux. Meanwhile, with the proposed controller the electricity consumption for a classroom was 75% lower than the lighting without controller.

Comparative Study of Energy Savings for Various Control Strategies in the Tunnel Lighting System

Tunnel lighting is the most significant component in total energy consumption in the whole infrastructure. Hence, various lighting control strategies based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology have been investigated to conserve energy by decreasing luminaires’ operating time. In this study, four kinds of tunnel lighting control strategies and the development of their associated technologies are evaluated: no-control low-consumption lamps (LCL), time-scheduling control strategy (TSCS), daylight adaptation control strategy (DACS), and intelligent control strategy (ICS). This work investigates the relationship between initial investment and electrical costs as a function of tunnel length (L) and daily traffic volume (N) for the four control strategies. The analysis was performed using 100-day data collected in eleven Chinese tunnels. The tunnel length (L) ranged from 600 m to 3300 m and the daily traffic volume (N) ranged from 700 to 2500. The results showed that initial investment costs increase with L for all control strategies. Also, the electricity costs for the LCL, TSCS, and DACS strategies increased linearly with L, whereas the electricity cost for the ICS strategy has an exponential growth with L and N. The results showed that for a lifetime equal to or shorter than 218 days, the LCL strategy offered the best economical solution; whereas for a lifetime longer than 955 days, the ICS strategy offered the best economical solution. For a lifetime between 218 and 955 days, the most suitable strategy varies with tunnel length and traffic volume. This study’s results can guide the decision-making process during the tunnel lighting system’s design stage.Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China - LQ21E080005National Natural Science Foundation of China - 61701069 and 61971248Major Science and Technology Special Project in Jiangbei District, Ningbo City - 201901A0

Development of Fuzzy Logic Control for Indoor Lighting Using LEDs Group

This paper presents the design and the development of an indoor lighting control based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The objective of this study is to demonstrate how the FLC can optimize the lighting based on indoor and outdoor lighting environments. The FLC system uses two inputs with Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) as a sensor at indoor and outdoor lighting environments. The output is Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to provide lighting at the room automatically. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to adjust the LEDs lighting in the room. FLC has successfully demonstrated performance to control the output of LEDs as needed. If the LDR 1 input as indoor sensor shows dim, it will automatically turn on brightly. The MSE values for simulation and experiment of LDR 1 and LDR 2 were 34.42 and 30.11 respectively. The results of FLC performance in the simulation work are further validated by an experimental work. Experimental results show similarities compared to the simulation results

A Fuzzy Logic-Based Tuning Model in an Indoor Lighting System for Energy and Visual Comfort Management

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based tuning model (FLTM) for daylight-linked control of the lighting system in an office room. The proposed FLTM considered a new method of dimming levels of light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires updating process to improve the performance of the developed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in terms of energy consumption and visual comfort metric and, at the same time, fully complies with the European Standard EN 12464-1. The artificial lighting system and daylight simulation were carried out using DIALux to model artificial lighting and daylight illuminance levels matrices. The proposed FLTM was developed and simulated using MATLAB and validated and compared with other controllers, including developed FLC and artificial neural network (ANN) based control. The simulation results showed that the proposed FLTM successfully improved the performance of developed FLC in terms of a fully satisfied visual comfort set-point. It also attained higher energy savings of 2% than ANN and achieved the closest to preset visual comfort compared with other controllers. Moreover, the proposed method consumes less computational effort, and it is easy to integrate with developed FLC and daylight-linked control of the lighting system

A Fuzzy Logic-Based Tuning Model in an Indoor Lighting System for Energy and Visual Comfort Management

This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based tuning model (FLTM) for daylight-linked control of the lighting system in an office room. The proposed FLTM considered a new method of dimming levels of light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires updating process to improve the performance of the developed fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in terms of energy consumption and visual comfort metric and, at the same time, fully complies with the European Standard EN 12464-1. The artificial lighting system and daylight simulation were carried out using DIALux to model artificial lighting and daylight illuminance levels matrices. The proposed FLTM was developed and simulated using MATLAB and validated and compared with other controllers, including developed FLC and artificial neural network (ANN) based control. The simulation results showed that the proposed FLTM successfully improved the performance of developed FLC in terms of a fully satisfied visual comfort set-point. It also attained higher energy savings of 2% than ANN and achieved the closest to preset visual comfort compared with other controllers. Moreover, the proposed method consumes less computational effort, and it is easy to integrate with developed FLC and daylight-linked control of the lighting system

Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups in Hill Areas Using Photovoltaic Systems

There is large potential for generating solar power in Uttarakhand (India) endowed with natural resources. The extensive use of solar energy through solar PV panels in Distributed and Renewable Electricity Generation is significant to utilize multi climatic zones of hilly areas. In this regard, UREDA (Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency) targets to achieve a huge boost of solar PV battery backup with approved subsidy budget of INR 6 billion to 50 billion by 2019/20 under JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission). This investment will increase productivity, enhance employment opportunities and improve quality of education. However, maximization of power output from panels used for same is achieved through use of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Trackers). The commercially installed solar power systems can be made to accomplish higher efficiency by implementing MPPT systems in start ups. In this paper, the effort is made to use MPPT system designed by intelligent controller for implementation in PV based utility systems. The regulated voltage output from MPPT system is obtained irrespective of fluctuations in environment. These variations are tested for changing temperature and irradiance due to shading or partial unavailability of sun. The results of same have been optimized through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model designed is intended to be a beneficial source for PV engineers and researchers to provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT

Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups in Hill Areas Using Photovoltaic Systems

There is large potential for generating solar power in Uttarakhand (India) endowed with natural resources. The extensive use of solar energy through solar PV panels in Distributed and Renewable Electricity Generation is significant to utilize multi climatic zones of hilly areas. In this regard, UREDA (Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency) targets to achieve a huge boost of solar PV battery backup with approved subsidy budget of INR 6 billion to 50 billion by 2019/20 under JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission). This investment will increase productivity, enhance employment opportunities and improve quality of education. However, maximization of power output from panels used for same is achieved through use of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Trackers). The commercially installed solar power systems can be made to accomplish higher efficiency by implementing MPPT systems in start ups. In this paper, the effort is made to use MPPT system designed by intelligent controller for implementation in PV based utility systems. The regulated voltage output from MPPT system is obtained irrespective of fluctuations in environment. These variations are tested for changing temperature and irradiance due to shading or partial unavailability of sun. The results of same have been optimized through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model designed is intended to be a beneficial source for PV engineers and researchers to provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT

Mobile Application to Support Intelligent Supervision System for Service Buildings

The work developed and described in this dissertation is part of the Ambiosensing project, developed under the Portugal 2020 program. This project aims to design and develop a tool for the energy management of buildings, considering low implementation costs, adaptability, versatility, and easy maintenance in line with the premises of Industry 4.0. One of the main requirements of the project is related to the intelligent supervision of equipment, adaptability and optimization of energy efficiency and quality of comfort ofthe occupants of buildings.In this way, the problem that this dissertation addresses is related to the comfort of the occupants within a service building. For that purpose,an application for mobile devices was designed and developed complementing the Intelligent Supervision system developed in the project. This application makes it possibleto view the values of the registered environmental variables and allows the users of the spaces to leave their feedback regarding their feeling considering the presented values, in order to improve the performance of the supervision system. In addition toallowing the connection between the user and the system improving not only the system's performance, but the application also improves the user's experience inside the building.O trabalho desenvolvido e descrito nesta dissertação está integrado no projeto Ambiosensing, desenvolvido no âmbito do programa Portugal 2020. Este projeto tem como objectivo a concepção e desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para a gestão energética de edifícios, considerando baixos custos de implementação, adaptabilidade, versatilidade e fácil manutenção alinhado com as premissas da Indústria 4.0. Um dos principais requisitos do projecto está relacionado com a supervisão inteligente dos equipamentos, adaptabilidade e optimização de eficiência energética e qualidade de conforto dos ocupantes dos edifícios. Desta forma, o problema que esta dissertação aborda está relacionado com o conforto dos ocupantes dentro de um edifício de serviços e para tal foi desenhada e desenvolvida uma aplicação para dispositivos moveis que serve de complemento ao sistema de Supervisão Inteligente desenvolvido no projecto. Esta aplicação possibilita a visualização dos valores das variáveis ambientais registados permite que os utilizadores dos espaços deixem o seu feedback em relação à sua sensibilidade sobre os valores apresentados, com o intuito de melhorar a performance do sistema de supervisão.Além de permitir a ligação entre o utilizador e o sistema melhorando,não só a performance do mesmo, a aplicação permite também melhorar a experiência do utilizador no interior do edifício

Power quality and electromagnetic compatibility: special report, session 2

The scope of Session 2 (S2) has been defined as follows by the Session Advisory Group and the Technical Committee: Power Quality (PQ), with the more general concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and with some related safety problems in electricity distribution systems. Special focus is put on voltage continuity (supply reliability, problem of outages) and voltage quality (voltage level, flicker, unbalance, harmonics). This session will also look at electromagnetic compatibility (mains frequency to 150 kHz), electromagnetic interferences and electric and magnetic fields issues. Also addressed in this session are electrical safety and immunity concerns (lightning issues, step, touch and transferred voltages). The aim of this special report is to present a synthesis of the present concerns in PQ&EMC, based on all selected papers of session 2 and related papers from other sessions, (152 papers in total). The report is divided in the following 4 blocks: Block 1: Electric and Magnetic Fields, EMC, Earthing systems Block 2: Harmonics Block 3: Voltage Variation Block 4: Power Quality Monitoring Two Round Tables will be organised: - Power quality and EMC in the Future Grid (CIGRE/CIRED WG C4.24, RT 13) - Reliability Benchmarking - why we should do it? What should be done in future? (RT 15