297 research outputs found
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Deliverable 6.1: Radio spectrum, traffic engineering and resource management
New Media Technologies in Europe: the Politics of Satellite, HDTV and DAB
It has been lhe tradition in Europe to develop media technologies at national level with close cooperation between the state and the private sector, and frequently with competition between different states and their industrial Infrastructures. The creation of new technologies mostly occurred within lhe electric, and later the electronics industry and included studio equipment, transmitters and receivers; it also included those industries supplying equipment to areas such as telecommunications. optics and the aerospace indus try. The state has always provided some of the central players. for example, Post Office administrations (Telecoms), research ministries, the military sector and in particular, the public service broadcasters
The space operations at CNES
This paper presents an overview of current space operations performed by the French space agency at the Toulouse Space Center. The missions are briefly presented and a description of the architecture of the ground facilities involved in the space operations is provided. The improvements subject to current activity are presented and the associated methods and tools are listed
Television and the Integration of Europe in the Era of Satellite Communications
The role television played in the integration of Europe through 1987 is examined in an analysis focusing on historical trends, integration theory, and the effect of satellite technology on the political environment in Europe. Television remained under the jurisdiction of national governments since its inception, satellite communications challenged the system of national control of television and changed television\u27s role in Europe by introducing a revolutionary new delivery system. Integration theorists are cited to define the integration process and provide a foundation for a study of television\u27s impact on European integration. Television policies in each nation are examined to document their past nationalistic nature. Intergovernmental organizations are surveyed to understand their function in the formulation of European television policies. The private sector\u27s use of satellites is cited to document how its actions encouraged integration in the marketplace. It is shown that the integration of the television market will precede European integration and that satellite television provided the communication tool that will stimulate this integration
The Pursuit of Pluralism: The Lessons from the New French Audiovisual Communications Law
Electronic mass communications, which have become increasingly influential over the past quarter century, have also undergone rapid and profound technological change. Constitutional governments around the world have struggled to apply their fundamental legal principals to the electronic media through sensible and balanced regulation. Perhaps the central problem in such regulation is to protect truth in the media, mainly by encouraging diversity, without allowing the regulators themselves to exert undue influence over what is disseminated over the airwaves and cables of a country\u27s communications infrastructure. The following article traces the history of France\u27s attempts to solve this problem in its electronic media law, analyzes the most recent reform of French law and suggests some possibilities for applying the lessons of the French experience to U.S. regulation of electronic media
The Pursuit of Pluralism: The Lessons from the New French Audiovisual Communications Law
Electronic mass communications, which have become increasingly influential over the past quarter century, have also undergone rapid and profound technological change. Constitutional governments around the world have struggled to apply their fundamental legal principals to the electronic media through sensible and balanced regulation. Perhaps the central problem in such regulation is to protect truth in the media, mainly by encouraging diversity, without allowing the regulators themselves to exert undue influence over what is disseminated over the airwaves and cables of a country\u27s communications infrastructure. The following article traces the history of France\u27s attempts to solve this problem in its electronic media law, analyzes the most recent reform of French law and suggests some possibilities for applying the lessons of the French experience to U.S. regulation of electronic media
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