An Extension of the Fluctuation Theorem

Heat fluctuations are studied in a dissipative system with both mechanical and stochastic components for a simple model: a Brownian particle dragged through water by a moving potential. An extended stationary state fluctuation theorem is derived. For infinite time, this reduces to the conventional fluctuation theorem only for small fluctuations; for large fluctuations, it gives a much larger ratio of the probabilities of the particle to absorb rather than supply heat. This persists for finite times and should be observable in experiments similar to a recent one of Wang et al.Comment: 12 pages, 1 eps figure in color (though intelligible in black and white

A general conservative extension theorem in process algebras with inequalities

We prove a general conservative extension theorem for transition system based process theories with easy-to-check and reasonable conditions. The core of this result is another general theorem which gives sufficient conditions for a system of operational rules and an extension of it in order to ensure conservativity, that is, provable transitions from an original term in the extension are the same as in the original system. As a simple corollary of the conservative extension theorem we prove a completeness theorem. We also prove a general theorem giving sufficient conditions to reduce the question of ground confluence modulo some equations for a large term rewriting system associated with an equational process theory to a small term rewriting system under the condition that the large system is a conservative extension of the small one. We provide many applications to show that our results are useful. The applications include (but are not limited to) various real and discrete time settings in ACP, ATP, and CCS and the notions projection, renaming, stage operator, priority, recursion, the silent step, autonomous actions, the empty process, divergence, etc

Maharam Extension for Nonsingular Group Actions

We establish a generalization of the Maharam Extension Theorem to nonsingular group actions. We also present an extension of Krengel Representation Theorem of dissipative transformations to nonsingular actions

Arveson's extension theorem in *-algebras

Arveson's extension theorem asserts that B(H) is an injective object in the category of operator systems. Calling every self adjoint unital subspace of a unital *-algebra, a quasi operator system, we show that Arveson's theorem remains valid in the much larger category of quasi operator systems. This shows that Arveson's theorem as a non commutative extension of Hahn-Banach theorem, is of purely algebraic nature.Comment: 21 page

Some applications of Ball's extension theorem

We present two applications of Ball's extension theorem. First we observe that Ball's extension theorem, together with the recent solution of Ball's Markov type 2 problem due to Naor, Peres, Schramm and Sheffield, imply a generalization, and an alternative proof of, the Johnson-Lindenstrauss extension theorem. Second, we prove that the distortion required to embed the integer lattice {0,1,...,m}^n, equipped with the ℓ_p^n metric, in any 2-uniformly convex Banach space is of order min {n^(1/2 1/p),m^(1-2/p)}