Proposing the Multimotive Information Systems Continuance Model (MISC) to Better Explain End-User System Evaluations and Continuance Intentions

To ensure that users want to continue using a system, information system designers must consider the influence of users’ intrinsic motivations in addition to commonly studied extrinsic motivations. In an attempt to address this need, several studies have extended models of extrinsic motivation to include intrinsic variables. However, these studies largely downplay the role of users’ intrinsic motivations in predicting system use and how this role differs from that of extrinsic motivation. The role of met and unmet expectations related to system use is often excluded from extant models, and their function as cocreators in user evaluations has not been sufficiently explained. Even though expectations are a firmly established consequence of motivations and an antecedent of interaction evaluations, this area remains understudied. Our paper addresses these gaps by developing and testing a comprehensive model—the multimotive information systems continuance model (MISC)—that (1) explains more accurately and thoroughly the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, (2) explains how the fulfillment of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations affects systems-use outcome variables differently through met expectations, and (3) accounts for the effects of key design constructs

How to Achieve Goals in Digital Games: An Empirical Test of a Goal-Oriented Model in Pokemon GO

To effectively design digital games and gamified systems, it is important to properly understand the psychological and behavioral processes that players use to reach goals. Although numerous prior studies have examined individual adoption, use, and continued use of digital games, few attempts have been made to understand how people desire and strive to achieve goals. The objective of this study is to develop and test a model of individual achievement of goals in digital gaming. Drawing upon theories of goal-directed behavior, we propose a conceptual model describing goal setting, goal striving, goal attainment, and feedback evaluations in the context of mobile gaming. To empirically test the proposed model, we collected two sets of (cross-sectional and longitudinal) data from 407 users of Pokemon GO. The results generally indicate that goal-directed effort plays an important role in translating goal desire into goal attainment. In addition, we found prior game points and goal desire have interaction effects on goal-directed effort and the subsequent acquisition of game points. Finally, this study shows that action strategies such as in-game payment and deliberate planning have differential effects on goal-directed effort and satisfying experiences. Overall, our findings provide empirical support for the efficacy of our goal-oriented model as a theoretical tool for explaining the process of goal striving to obtain game points. Our findings not only have important implications for digital gaming but also contribute to emerging research on gamified systems

Customer loyalty through gamification: MB Way case study

Gamification has been applied in various contexts, following evolving technology and innovation trends. This study aims to investigate gamification's impact on customer loyalty through an analysis of the MB WAY Challenge. Due to the current pandemic, the population has been adapting its behaviour towards payment methods, increasing financial transactions through their smartphones. As such, this case study of the MB WAY Challenge has been following this trend, providing game components to its side to reach new users. The literature review provides an overview of the main concepts to be addressed: gamification, enjoyment, engagement, behaviour intention, and customer loyalty. The framework was developed based on the literature review and other models developed by other authors. The empirical part of the present study was conducted through an online survey distributed through several channels to obtain as many respondents as possible. Partial Least Squares (PLS) were used to evaluate the research. The results revealed that gamification significantly impacts customer loyalty through user behaviour intention, while engagement intention does not influence consumer loyalty. Other conclusions were drawn, having specific implications that may contribute to future studies making conscious decisions when determining the antecedents for a more complex analysis of gamification's impact on customer loyalty.A gamificação tem vindo a ser aplicada em diversos contextos, acompanhando a tendência de evolução da tecnologia e inovação. O propósito deste estudo é investigar o impacto que a gamificação tem na fidelização dos clientes, através de uma análise ao MB WAY Challenge. Devido à atual pandemia com que nos deparamos, a população tem vindo a adaptar o seu comportamento face aos métodos de pagamento, aumentando as transações financeiras através dos seus smartphones. Como tal, o presente caso de estudo do MB WAY Challenge tem vindo a acompanhar esta tendência, proporcionando componentes de jogo à sua vertente, para alcançar novos utilizadores. A revisão de literatura serve para dar um overview dos principais conceitos a serem abordados, nomeadamente, gamificação, prazer, engajamento, intenção de comportamento, e fidelização de clientes. O enquadramento foi desenvolvido com base na revisão de literatura e noutros modelos desenvolvidos por outros autores. A parte empírica do presente estudo foi realizada através de um questionário online, que foi distribuído por diversos canais para obter o maior número de respondentes possíveis. O Partial Least Squares (PLS) foi utilizado para avaliar a investigação. Os resultados revelaram que a gamificação tem um impacto positivo significativo na fidelização de clientes, através da intenção de comportamento do utilizador, enquanto a intenção de engajamento não influencia a fidelização dos consumidores. Outras conclusões foram retiradas, tendo certas implicações que podem contribuir para que estudos futuros possam realizar decisões conscientes quando determinarem os antecedentes para uma análise mais complexa do impacto da gamificação na fidelização de clientes

A literature meta-analysis and integrative model

Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2019). Gamification and serious games: A literature meta-analysis and integrative model. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 306-315. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.030In recent years we have witnessed a growing number of companies and institutions embedding game mechanics and game design techniques in all types of information systems, applications, and services. Following this trend, it is possible to find an increasing number of publications studying these subjects. With this meta-analysis we synthesise and integrate all the earlier literature and information available on gamification and serious games, assessing the current state-of-the-art in the field, filling a literature gap on this subject. We calculated meta-analysis effects from a total of 54 studies and 59 datasets collected from the literature. Attitude, enjoyment, and usefulness are the most relevant predictors of intention to use gamification. Intention, enjoyment, and usefulness are the most relevant predictors of the brand attitude towards gamification. Our results allow us to present a theoretical model that will be of value to future gamification studies.authorsversionpublishe

User Acceptance of Virtual Worlds: Towards an Integrative Framework

As a relatively new research area, inquiries into understanding factors which influence the user acceptance of virtual worlds remains an important undertaking. Initial research efforts have been informed largely by theories or frameworks from a rational or utilitarian perspective, such as the technology acceptance model. While results indicate support for the predictive influence of utilitarian factors such as the perceived ease of use in the virtual world context, there is growing recognition that virtual worlds are multi-faceted environments which encompass both utilitarian and hedonic content. This recognition along with the explosive subscriber growth in hedonic virtual worlds such as massively multiplayer online games begs for congruence between the theories and frameworks utilized and the context(s) studied. Drawing from the information systems, marketing, consumer behavior, and gaming literature, we identify 29 factors which may be used to study the user acceptance of virtual worlds. Lastly, we describe a pilot study which investigates the relative predictive power of both utilitarian and hedonic factors with regards to encouraging prospective user participation in virtual worlds. It is hoped that these results will help guide efforts to develop of an integrated framework which provides a richer understanding of the user acceptance of virtual worlds

Understanding hotel visitors’ motives to use hotel gamified applications

While hospitality has been one of the industries that have been keen to adopt and use various technologies, the proliferation of gamification application is still to materialise. It is therefore very interesting to investigate the potential benefits of gamified applications in the area of the hospitality industry by identifying the motives of individuals’ when they use a hotel-gamified application. Hospitality industry is becoming more and more competitive and surviving and marketing a destination has become a challenge, so in order to gain a competitive advantage, the use of modern technology is crucial for many destination-marketing organizations. Gamification can be applied in technology-mediated and non-technology-mediated contexts. Within technology-mediated contexts, gamification is more applicable due to the favourable environment that such context offers. Recent evolutions indicate that mobile devices are becoming travel buddies and their use is profoundly influencing the different phases of a travellers’ journey. Hence, it could be assumed, that a mobile hotel gamified application is now easier than ever to develop and succeed. Since fun has become the requirement to ensure continuous demands for many products or services, companies and organizations feel the need to involve fun in their offerings to secure continuity in consumption and use. Therefore, this study aims to understand the meaning of fun for individuals when they will use a hotel-gamified application, using visual material so the interviewees would have an idea of how a hotel-gamified application would look if it was in existence today based on the current definitions of gamification

THE ROLES OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND PERCEIVED COMPETENCE IN ENHANCING SYSTEM USE AND PERFORMANCE

This study builds on the extant literature on motivation and information systems by examining the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in the relationship between system type and system use, the moderating role of perceived usefulness in the effect of intrinsic motivation on system use, and the moderating role of perceived competence in the impact of system use on performance. This study manipulates three system types; that is, PATH (Principles Aren’t That Hard), Blackboard, and the traditional paper medium, and measures the participant’s intrinsic motivation, perceived usefulness, perceived competence, system use, and performance. PATH incorporates interest-enhancing features, Blackboard has limited interest-enhancing features, and the traditional paper medium does not have these attributes. A total of 173 undergraduate students enrolled in the introductory financial accounting course participated in this study. The structural equation model results provide support for the hypotheses in the research model. An important contribution of this study is development of an educational computer game, PATH, and inclusion of Blackboard and the traditional paper medium to facilitate comparison of the level of intrinsic motivation associated with each system type. Another contribution is administration of the treatment variable (i.e., system type), measurements of the key constructs, and direct assessment of the participants’ performance in the same experimental setting

Still believing in virtual worlds: A decomposed approach

siirretty Doriast

The Cost of Playing the Game: Modeling In-Game Purchase Intention and Investigating Purchase Behavior of Mobile Gamers

Free-to-play games typically have a monetization model that relies on players to purchase in-game items or virtual goods to generate revenue (Nguyen, 2015). There have been several empirical efforts to investigate purchase intention of virtual goods in video games with some focusing on quantitative models of purchase intention. Most of these studies tend to be with virtual worlds and lack the use of validated instruments to measure constructs (Hamari & Keronen, 2017). This research sought to gain a greater understanding of purchase intention of in-game content or virtual goods in mobile games through two studies. Study 1 modeled purchase intention with factors including satisfaction, addiction, attitudes of virtual goods, social motivations, continuance intention, and play characteristics. A total of 284 participants who played mobile games for at least 5 hours a week completed an online survey examining the relationships between the different constructs. Several structural equation models were generated to find the best fitting model. Results of the final model explained 66.1% of the variance in purchase intention with the factors of attitudes towards virtual goods, monetary value, addiction, enjoyment, and creative freedom. Attitudes towards virtual goods (β = .767) was the most associated factor with purchase intention in the model followed by enjoyment (β = .153), monetary value (β = .148), creative freedom (β = -.127), and addiction (β = .106). Study 2 examined purchase behavior of mobile video game players with a longitudinal diary study. Eight mobile video game players selected a game to play over the course of two weeks while logging their experience and purchases. Seven of the eight participants made a purchase of in-game content. Analyses of what game elements contributed to purchasing behavior revealed that some participants reported associated dark patterns around their purchases such as paying for enhancements, which is paying for in-game content to make characters stronger to progress in the game. Players also encountered loot boxes that provide only a chance to earn specific items in the game. These results add to Study 1 results by demonstrating that aspects of how a game is designed may impact in-game purchase intention and should be considered in future research. The combination of Studies 1 and 2 show that both psychological constructs of mobile gamers and aspects of game design may influence in-game purchase intention. Future research could replicate the model from this research in other in-game purchase intention or actual purchase behavior settings such as different types of games genres, platforms, or populations. Other areas of future research include further examination of the impact of dark game design patterns on purchase behavior in other situations (e.g., console, free to play vs. pay to play) and the development of ways to mitigate deceptive designs on player purchasing habits

Proposing a TAM-SDT-based model to examine the user acceptance of massively multiplayer online games

This study is focused on the massively multiplayer online games’ acceptance. In general, while specialized literature reveals that the online gaming industry has grown strongly in recent years, little evidence is identified on its user acceptance. In this manner, the present study is an at-tempt to fill this gap. Concretely, two aims are defined: (1) proposing an acceptance model to predict the continuance usage of massively multiplayer online games, and (2) knowing how this continuance usage encourages social well-being. The model proposed employing the structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) methodology. This PLS-SEM model has been defined using a combination of the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the self-determination theory (SDT), comprising eight constructs: (1) autonomy and competence, (2) relatedness, (3) achievement and challenge, (4) flow experience, (5) perceived enjoyment, (6) social well-being, (7) perceived ease of use, and (8) continuance intention. The findings reveal that continuance intention impacts on social well-being. Moreover, the pivotal role of flow experience for continuance intention has been demonstrated. Additionally, continuance intention has been impacted by the perceived enjoyment, showing that it is a key construct for the acceptance of massively multiplayer online games. Thus, two contributions are highlighted. First, these results provide the gaming industry and software developer companies with considerations on gamers’ motivations in the online game design, in order to stimulate and incentivize its use. Second, the present study can be useful for academicians and practitioners to understand the online gamers’ emotions and well-being, showing some light over their psychology and mental health. Finally, limitations and future directions are exposed