30 research outputs found

    Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace

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    This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace. Over the past three decades, cyberspace developed into a crucial frontier and issue of international conflict. However, scholarly work on the relationship between AI and conflict in cyberspace has been produced along somewhat rigid disciplinary boundaries and an even more rigid sociotechnical divide – wherein technical and social scholarship are seldomly brought into a conversation. This is the first volume to address these themes through a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary approach. With the intent of exploring the question ‘what is at stake with the use of automation in international conflict in cyberspace through AI?’, the chapters in the volume focus on three broad themes, namely: (1) technical and operational, (2) strategic and geopolitical and (3) normative and legal. These also constitute the three parts in which the chapters of this volume are organised, although these thematic sections should not be considered as an analytical or a disciplinary demarcation

    An Empirical Analysis of Cyber Deception Systems

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    Data Hiding and Its Applications

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    Data hiding techniques have been widely used to provide copyright protection, data integrity, covert communication, non-repudiation, and authentication, among other applications. In the context of the increased dissemination and distribution of multimedia content over the internet, data hiding methods, such as digital watermarking and steganography, are becoming increasingly relevant in providing multimedia security. The goal of this book is to focus on the improvement of data hiding algorithms and their different applications (both traditional and emerging), bringing together researchers and practitioners from different research fields, including data hiding, signal processing, cryptography, and information theory, among others

    Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructures 2nd Volume

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    The second volume of the book contains the manuscripts that were accepted for publication in the MDPI Special Topic "Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure" after a rigorous peer-review process. Authors from academia, government and industry contributed their innovative solutions, consistent with the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity. The book contains 16 articles, including an editorial that explains the current challenges, innovative solutions and real-world experiences that include critical infrastructure and 15 original papers that present state-of-the-art innovative solutions to attacks on critical systems

    High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications

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    This open access book was prepared as a Final Publication of the COST Action IC1406 “High-Performance Modelling and Simulation for Big Data Applications (cHiPSet)“ project. Long considered important pillars of the scientific method, Modelling and Simulation have evolved from traditional discrete numerical methods to complex data-intensive continuous analytical optimisations. Resolution, scale, and accuracy have become essential to predict and analyse natural and complex systems in science and engineering. When their level of abstraction raises to have a better discernment of the domain at hand, their representation gets increasingly demanding for computational and data resources. On the other hand, High Performance Computing typically entails the effective use of parallel and distributed processing units coupled with efficient storage, communication and visualisation systems to underpin complex data-intensive applications in distinct scientific and technical domains. It is then arguably required to have a seamless interaction of High Performance Computing with Modelling and Simulation in order to store, compute, analyse, and visualise large data sets in science and engineering. Funded by the European Commission, cHiPSet has provided a dynamic trans-European forum for their members and distinguished guests to openly discuss novel perspectives and topics of interests for these two communities. This cHiPSet compendium presents a set of selected case studies related to healthcare, biological data, computational advertising, multimedia, finance, bioinformatics, and telecommunications

    Diverse Intrusion-tolerant Systems

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    Over the past 20 years, there have been indisputable advances on the development of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) replicated systems. These systems keep operational safety as long as at most f out of n replicas fail simultaneously. Therefore, in order to maintain correctness it is assumed that replicas do not suffer from common mode failures, or in other words that replicas fail independently. In an adversarial setting, this requires that replicas do not include similar vulnerabilities, or otherwise a single exploit could be employed to compromise a significant part of the system. The thesis investigates how this assumption can be substantiated in practice by exploring diversity when managing the configurations of replicas. The thesis begins with an analysis of a large dataset of vulnerability information to get evidence that diversity can contribute to failure independence. In particular, we used the data from a vulnerability database to devise strategies for building groups of n replicas with different Operating Systems (OS). Our results demonstrate that it is possible to create dependable configurations of OSes, which do not share vulnerabilities over reasonable periods of time (i.e., a few years). Then, the thesis proposes a new design for a firewall-like service that protects and regulates the access to critical systems, and that could benefit from our diversity management approach. The solution provides fault and intrusion tolerance by implementing an architecture based on two filtering layers, enabling efficient removal of invalid messages at early stages in order to decrease the costs associated with BFT replication in the later stages. The thesis also presents a novel solution for managing diverse replicas. It collects and processes data from several data sources to continuously compute a risk metric. Once the risk increases, the solution replaces a potentially vulnerable replica by another one, trying to maximize the failure independence of the replicated service. Then, the replaced replica is put on quarantine and updated with the available patches, to be prepared for later re-use. We devised various experiments that show the dependability gains and performance impact of our prototype, including key benchmarks and three BFT applications (a key-value store, our firewall-like service, and a blockchain).Unidade de investigação LASIGE (UID/CEC/00408/2019) e o projeto PTDC/EEI-SCR/1741/2041 (Abyss
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