Complexities of Technology Integration in the Elementary Classroom Context: A Structural Equation Model Study

Effectively integrating technology into classroom instruction presents teachers with several dilemmas about their understanding of how students learn, their approach to designing learning activities, and their conceptualization of their role as teachers (Windschitl, 2002). Using the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model (Koehler & Mishra, 2005, 2009; Mishra & Koehler, 2006) as the conceptual model undergirding the research, this study was designed to build evidence towards establishing the validity and reliability of a measurement instrument employed to assess the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge teachers utilize, as well as gain an understanding of how this knowledge is affected by teacher beliefs about technology use in classroom practice. Three contextual factors were also investigated, namely leadership support for technology, teaching self-efficacy, and traditional beliefs about children. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was selected for analyzing data gathered in this research design. The relationships among four latent factors and three latent variables were examined using measurement models to determine a final structural model. Results (N = 75) suggest that the TPACK-deep scale has potential as a measure of teachers’ beliefs about their technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge. The findings yielded by the present exploratory study pertain to Design, Exertion, Ethics, and Proficiency—which are considered the four factors of the TPACK-deep scale (Kabakci-Yurdakul et al., 2012). Furthermore, this study’s findings indicate positive predictive relationships between leadership support for technology and teachers’ beliefs about using technology in their classrooms. While positive predictive relationships between teachers’ teaching self-efficacy and their beliefs about technology integration in classroom practice were found, no statistically significant association between teachers’ beliefs about using technology and their traditional beliefs about children could be established for three (Design, Exertion, Ethics) of the four TPACK-deep factors under investigation

Headmaster Technology Leadership in Malaysia Elementary Schools

Headmaster technology leadership increasingly important in education today. This leadership, providing various positive effects to the headmaster, teachers, students and schools. Therefore, headmaster need to master this leadership to take up the leadership role of technology in schools. Based on the Headmaster Technology Leadership Model by Chang (2003), a study based on interviews conducted on 6 headmasters serving in Johor, Malaysia. This study aims to review i) the role of the headmaster in Johor as a technology leader in school ii) the challenges faced by headmaster to serve as a technology leader. Analysis of the findings from interviews found the headmaster in Johor play a role as a technology leader in the school. However, the findings have found the effort in ICT development by the headmaster in schools is different based on the needs of the school. Therefore, there is no single fixed pattern headmaster role as a technology leader. In addition, the role of the headmaster as a technology leader is not comprehensive of the five dimensions as suggested by Chang (2003). Headmaster of Johor advised to make improvements to the school led to the transformation of technology-based education

Indicators of Digital Leadership in the Context of K-12 Education

International Society for Technology in Education Standards for Administrators (ISTE-A, 2009) has been published for six years and but few studies have been done to indicate digital leadership indicators. This qualitative study aims to explore digital leadership indicators in the context of K-12 education based on ISTE-A standards. Results show that visionary leadership is indicated as integrated technology vision and technology plan support by all stakeholders. Indicators of digital age learning culture include sufficient devices, technology modeling, and effective technology utilization. Digital learning opportunities and digital learning community are indicators of professional development. Indicators of systemic improvement include maximized learning achievement, competed personnel, and strategic partnership. Digital citizenship is indicated as digital filter

Kepimpinan teknologi pengetua dan pengintegrasian teknologi guru di sekolah menengah kebangsaan di negeri Kedah

The Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013-2025) demands that ICT integration in schools be implemented based on the standards proposed by International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). Previous studies only researched the relationship between Principals’ Technology Leadership (as a whole) and Teachers’ Technology Integration. Furthermore, almost no studies have been conducted to see the effect of the five ISTE-Standards for Administrators (2014) constructs separately on Teachers’ Technology Integration in classrooms. In addition, Professional Development needs of principals in ICT have not been emphasized in previous studies. This research measures the level, effect and relationship between Principals’ Technology Leadership and Teachers Technology Integration. Besides this, the effect of each construct of ISTE towards Teachers Technology Intergration is also measured. This quantitative research used three standard instruments. The Principals Technology Leadership Assessment based on ISTE-Standards for Administrators (2014) and Survey of Technology Experiences' were used for principals’ while the Learning with ICT instruments: Measuring ICT Use in the Curriculum was used for teachers. In this cross sectional survey, a total of 88 principals and 645 teachers were selected through systematic random sampling from the same national secondary schools in Kedah. Findings showed that Principals’ Technology Leadership and Teachers’ Technology Integration were at high levels. Nevertheless, the relationships of the five constructs of the ISTE-Standards for Administrators (2014), which are Visionary Leadership, Digital Age Learning Culture, Excellence in Professional Practice, Systematic Improvement and Digital Citizenship with Teachers’ Technology Integration were insignificant. Principals’ Professional Development did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between the five constructs of Principals Technology Integration and Teachers’ Technology Integration. This study will contribute to the education system by suggesting that the Ministry of Education designs a standard for education technology so that it can be a reference for technology leaders in schools. This study will contribute to the education system by suggesting that the Ministry of Education designs a standard for education technology so that it can be a reference for technology leaders in schools. Further studies on effective Professional Development for school technology leaders should be carried out. The findings contribute to the development of the Transformational Theory and the Anderson and Dexter’s Model

Living and Leading in a Digital Age: A Narrative Study of the Attitudes and Perceptions of School Leaders about Media Literacy

Students graduating from K-12 education need media literacy skills to engage, participate, and learn in a world in which literacy must keep pace with rapidly changing technologies. Given the significant roles school administrators play in providing leadership and vision to their schools, this narrative study addresses the research question: What are school administrators’ perceptions of, and attitudes about, media literacy? Through the stories of six K-12 school administrators, we highlight the connections of their experiences and attitudes to the actions they take to support media literacy learning, and their visions for technology, instruction, and learning in their schools

Technology Leadership in Malaysia's High Performance School

Headmaster as leader of the school also plays a role as a technology leader. This applies to the high performance schools (HPS) headmaster as well. The HPS excel in all aspects of education. In this study, researcher is interested in examining the role of the headmaster as a technology leader through interviews with three headmasters of high performance schools. Various topics related to technology leadership among headmaster have been discussed based on National Educational Technology Standards for Administrators (NETS-A) 2009 recommended by International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). From the conversation, the headmaster of HPS have played their leadership role of technology in schools by meeting the various components of NETS-A. In terms of challenges, the online internet is a major obstacle to promoting the use of ICT in the school. The hard work and effort by the headmaster of HPS in the field of ICT has shown a good result and outcome. The headmaster of other schools should have to emulate the great efforts HPS headmasters to create a generation of young literates

ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines

Purpose - The paper aims highlight the state of ICT integration to the educational system of the Philippines, including the challenges, efforts, and possible solutions.   Design/Methodology/Approach - The study is a review of two scholarly works focusing on the case of ICT integration in the educational system of Philippines. The paper reviewed were the paper of Kubota, Yamamoto, and Morioka (2018) entitled, Promoting ICT education in developing countries: Case Study in the Philippine and the  research work of Bonifacio (2013) entitled, Developing Information Communication Technology (ICT) Curriculum Standards for K-12 Schools in the Philippines. Findings - The critical analysis of the reviewed papers revealed several policy actions to fully integrate ICT in education in the case of Philippines such as added trainings for teachers, provision of computer infrastructures, integration of ICT in the curriculum in a strategized manner, and lastly a strong leadership. Originality - The paper provided a lens both on the problematic situation on the actual school set-ups and also the possible key steps to be undertaken for improvement. It is a review of the selected academic papers which delves into the ICT-Integration in the Educational System of Philippines. The formal efforts of the government were also highlighted including the prime importance of ICT in education. The paper does not only embolden a problem of the inadequacy of the school facilities but it highlights how this problem affects the competitiveness of Filipinos in the job market and the backwardness of the standing of the country in technological advancement

Elementary Principalas Technology Leadership Dispositions

This qualitative study examined the reported technology dispositions that a group of elementary principals in a South Texas public school district possess as technology leaders as aligned to the 2009 National Technology Standards for Administrators NETS-A An online questionnaire and open-ended audio recorded interviews were utilized to determine technology dispositions of the participants Findings included the following five dispositions 1 Technology s usefulness 2 Risk taking 3 Self-reliance 4 Encouragement and 5 Role mode

Kepimpinan teknologi : amalan ICT dan keberkesanan pengurusan guru di sekolah

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an important element in the development of an organization. Leaders play an important role in ensuring effective application of ICT in the organization, particularly in schools. Review of previous studies more engaged to the level of technology leadership and the characteristics of technological leadership practiced by leaders in the school, while the factors of a more comprehensive which include facilities for ICT, competence and commitment of teachers in the practices of applying ICT in the management which contribute a grant impact on the management duties of teachers in schools has not been studied in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to identify whether there is a positive relationship between technology leadership, ICT facilities, competence, commitment and practice of applying ICT teachers with effective management duties of teachers in schools using ICT. This quantitative study involves 370 teachers in secondary schools in the Kedah state which were selected randomly. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between technology leadership, ICT facilities, competence and commitment of teachers to use ICT and the effectiveness of management duties of teachers using ICT in school. Data were analyzed using the software Smart-PLS where value oft> 1.96, while R²<0.50. The role of teacher practices using ICT to be used as a moderator has positive correlation with ICT facilities. Based on the findings, the factor of technology leadership, ICT facilities, competence and commitment to apply ICT has important relationship with the effectiveness of management duties of teachers using ICT in schools. Further studies can be conducted using larger samples and other methods to test and strengthen the findings

The Impact of School Heads’ Technology Leadership on Teachers’ Technological Proficiency and Academic Optimism

The adoption, integration, and use of technology in the classroom should be planned by school leaders and teachers, who should also arm themselves with the newest technological developments. This study was designed to determine the impact of school heads’ technology leadership to teachers’ instructional innovation and academic optimism during the COVID-19 period. The study utilized a quantitative research design and a descriptive-correlational research method and was confined among 31 school heads and 651 teachers in Candelaria East and West Districts during the S.Y. 2021-2022. The survey-questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher and validated by research practitioners and experts, was the primary data gathering tool. From the findings, it was deduced that there is no significant difference between the perception of the elementary and secondary teachers on the school head’s technology leadership, teachers’ technological proficiency, and teachers’ academic optimism. It revealed that the social, legal, and ethical issues; and the leadership and vision significantly predict the teachers’ technological proficiency while the social, legal, and ethical issues; leadership and vision; productivity and professional practice and support; and management, operations, and finance significantly predict the teachers’ academic optimism. In light of the findings and conclusion, the study recommends that DepEd may include the nature and concept of digital citizenship in school management and leadership