What impressions do users have after a ride in an automated shuttle? An interview study

In the future, automated shuttles may provide on-demand transport and serve as feeders to public transport systems. However, automated shuttles will only become widely used if they are accepted by the public. This paper presents results of an interview study with 30 users of an automated shuttle on the EUREF (Europäisches Energieforum) campus in Berlin-Schöneberg to obtain in-depth understanding of the acceptance of automated shuttles as feeders to public transport systems. From the interviews, we identified 340 quotes, which were classified into six categories: (1) expectations about the capabilities of the automated shuttle (10% of quotes), (2) evaluation of the shuttle performance (10%), (3) service quality (34%), (4) risk and benefit perception (15%), (5) travel purpose (25%), and (6) trust (6%). The quotes indicated that respondents had idealized expectations about the technological capabilities of the automated shuttle, which may have been fostered by the media. Respondents were positive about the idea of using automated shuttles as feeders to public transport systems but did not believe that the shuttle will allow them to engage in cognitively demanding activities such as working. Furthermore, 20% of respondents indicated to prefer supervision of shuttles via an external control room or steward on board over unsupervised automation. In conclusion, even though the current automated shuttle did not live up to the respondents’ expectations, respondents still perceived automated shuttles as a viable option for feeders to public transport systems.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and PlanningHuman-Robot InteractionIntelligent VehiclesTransport and Plannin

Occupational Cultures as a Challenge to Technological Innovation

This paper explains conflict over technological process innovation in cultural terms, drawing primarily on a case study of electric power distribution and strategies to automate its operation

Making sense of service recovery in higher education institutions : exploring the relationship between perceived justice and recovery satisfaction

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the relationship between perceived justice and recovery satisfaction in higher education institutions. Design/Methodology/Approach: Responses were collected from a purposive sample of 430 full-time students across three public higher education institutions in South Africa using a self-administered questionnaire. Findings: Based on the data collected, perceived justice viz. interactional and distributive justice is found to have a significant and positive correlation with recovery satisfaction whereas procedural justice has an insignificant and positive correlation with recovery satisfaction. Practical Implications: The results of this study could prove useful to higher education institutions to ensure that fairness is provided to students during the service recovery process. Furthermore, it offers an opportunity for higher education institutional management to review policies and procedures so that they are responsive to the various needs of students. Originality/Value: This study makes the first attempt to model perceived justice and recovery satisfaction in the South African higher education sector.peer-reviewe

The Effects of Automation Expertise, System Confidence, and Image Quality on Trust, Compliance, and Performance

This study examined the effects of automation expertise, system confidence, and image quality on automation trust, compliance, and detection performance. One hundred and fifteen participants completed a simulated military target detection task while receiving advice from an imperfect diagnostic aid that varied in expertise (expert vs. novice) and confidence (75% vs. 50% vs. 25% vs. no aid). The task required participants to detect covert enemy targets in simulated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Participants reported whether a target was present or absent, their decision-confidence, and their trust in the diagnostic system\u27s advice. Results indicated that system confidence and automation expertise influenced automation trust, compliance, and measures of detection performance, particularly when image quality was poor. Results also highlighted several incurred costs of system confidence and automation expertise. Participants were more apt to generate false alarms as system confidence increased and when receiving diagnostic advice from the expert system. Data also suggest participants adopted an analogical trust tuning strategy rather than an analytical strategy when evaluating system confidence ratings. This resulted in inappropriate trust when system confidence was low. Theoretical and practical implications regarding the effects of system confidence and automation expertise on automation trust and the design of diagnostic automation are discussed

The Impact of Automation Etiquette on User Performance and Trust in Non-Personified Technology

Previous research has shown that good automation etiquette can yield positive effects on user performance, trust, satisfaction, and motivation. Automation etiquette is especially influential in personified technologies – users have increased etiquette expectations from technology that has human characteristics. Designers deliberately integrate etiquette into personified technologies to account for users’ anthropomorphization and meet user needs. The current study examined the impact of etiquette in non-personified technologies. The study aimed to demonstrate that automation etiquette also affects performance, trust, perceived workload, and motivation in technologies that possess little to no human characteristics. The study used a computer-based automation task to examine good and bad etiquette models and different domain-based perceived task-importance, or “criticality” levels (between-subjects) that contained various stages of automation and automation reliability levels (within-subjects). The study found that bad etiquette automation produced better performance in certain conditions. Confirming previous research, we found that users trust good etiquette automation more than bad etiquette automation in some trust categories. This study provides evidence that automation complexity correlates with automation etiquette’s impact – as automation complexity increases, so does automation etiquette’s impact on performance and in some cases trust. We found that bad automation etiquette can increase user’s subjective workload. Last, we confirmed that our domain-based task criticality manipulation was effective. Future research should examine additional domains, tasks, etiquette delivery mechanisms, and etiquette scales coupled with varied degrees of automation complexity to better understand etiquette’s role in human-automation interaction

See No Evil, Hear No Evil: How Users Blindly Overrely on Robots with Automation Bias

Recent developments in generative artificial intelligence show how quickly users carelessly adhere to intelligent systems, ignoring systems\u27 vulnerabilities and focusing on their superior capabilities. This is detrimental when system failures are ignored. This paper investigates this mindless overreliance on systems, defined as automation bias (AB), in human-robot interaction. We conducted two experimental studies (N1 = 210, N2 = 438) with social robots in a corporate setting to investigate psychological mechanisms and influencing factors of AB. Particularly, users experience perceptual and behavioral AB with the robot that is enhanced by robot competence depending on task complexity and is even stronger for emotional than analytical tasks. Surprisingly, robot reliability negatively affected AB. We also found a negative indirect-only mediation of AB on robot satisfaction. Finally, we provide implications for the appropriate use of robots to prevent employees from using them as a self-sufficient system instead of a supporting system

INTRODUCTION

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70110/2/PFLDAS-12-5-iii-1.pd

Student Pilot Situational Awareness: The Effects of Trust in Technology

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the general level of trust in technology in student pilots and then to determine the relationship between pilots\u27 trust and their situational awareness during simulated flight. A literature review revealed that the Jian Trust Scale was based on empirical observations and had precedence in the literature so it was selected. Since excessive reliance on technology can make the operator passive and unquestioning, ultimately loss of situational awareness may result. The main hypothesis tested was to establish the relationship between measurements of trust on the ground and situational awareness in simulated flight; pilots who had lower-trust in technology were expected to have to maintain higher levels of situational awareness. Conversely, higher-trust pilots were expected to have lower situational awareness due to an over reliance on the equipment. Instructor pilots rated the 30 students in simulated flight using a modified Situation Awareness Global Assessment Techniques (SAGAT) score and this was compared to their Trust score derived from ground based testing. The results were opposite from those expected but significant facts were discovered. The pilots with the highest trust scores showed the best situational awareness. This study concludes that the trust is not blind in ERAU pilots, they seem to trust the instruments and yet also maintain good situational awareness. The results were not as clear for the middle trust scoring pilots and suggests that trust and situational awareness are not as related. The need for monitoring situational awareness is discussed and the use of a simple and rapid ground based trust score may indicate which students would most benefit from improving their situational awareness would be the middle scorers on a trust scale. The simplicity of this approach to identifying those in need of improving situational awareness and the successful prediction of high trusting pilots and good situational awareness, suggests that a better trust scale, one geared specifically for general aviation, would be useful

Principles in Patterns (PiP) : Project Evaluation Synthesis

Evaluation activity found the technology-supported approach to curriculum design and approval developed by PiP to demonstrate high levels of user acceptance, promote improvements to the quality of curriculum designs, render more transparent and efficient aspects of the curriculum approval and quality monitoring process, demonstrate process efficacy and resolve a number of chronic information management difficulties which pervaded the previous state. The creation of a central repository of curriculum designs as the basis for their management as "knowledge assets", thus facilitating re-use and sharing of designs and exposure of tacit curriculum design practice, was also found to be highly advantageous. However, further process improvements remain possible and evidence of system resistance was found in some stakeholder groups. Recommendations arising from the findings and conclusions include the need to improve data collection surrounding the curriculum approval process so that the process and human impact of C-CAP can be monitored and observed. Strategies for improving C-CAP acceptance among the "late majority", the need for C-CAP best practice guidance, and suggested protocols on the knowledge management of curriculum designs are proposed. Opportunities for further process improvements in institutional curriculum approval, including a re-engineering of post-faculty approval processes, are also recommended