The Effects of International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption on SMES Performance: A Case Study Mombasa – Central Business District (CBD)

The world over, SMEs contribute 90% of the sector production and they are prime source of new jobs in developing countries and play a crucial role in income generation especially for the poor. For their progress, SMEs are required to keep books of accounts and several companies irrespective of their size are bound by statutory rules of a particular country in which they operate to prepare financial reports that conform to specialized set of accounting principles. In July 2009, the IASB published the IFRS for SMEs. The IFRS for SMEs is intended to be applied to the general purpose financial statements that do not have public accountability. The essence of this study is to identify the effects of IFRS adoption by SMEs on their performance. The sampling procedure used was stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaire and it was purely quantitative. Data collected was analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) and Regression analysis. Finally the findings of the study are presented in bar graphs, diagrams and figures. Tables are used to summarize responses for further analysis and facilitate comparison hence see if the objectives are achieved from conducting the study. The research study sought to evaluate the effects of international financial reporting standard on SMEs performance in Mombasa CBD, Specifically the study explored the objectives provided in chapter one. The study employed descriptive data analysis. The sample under study comprises 39 respondents. The study used primary and secondary data that was collected using questionnaires that was served on the respondents and findings presented using tables. The first part of the objective was to investigate the effect of accessibility of capital on SMEs performance. Majority of the respondents agreed that accessibility of capital had a high effect on performance since in improved on service delivery and production. The second part of analysis was to evaluate the effect of comparability of financial statements on SMEs performance in Mombasa CBD. Majority of the respondents agreed that it has great effect that they were able to their SWOT analysis with accuracy. The third part of the analysis was to investigate the effect of governance on performance. There was high level of acceptance that it reduced levels of fraud and management of resources. The last part of the analysis was to examine the effect of information asymmetry on SME performance. Majority of the respondents agreed that it helped stakeholders in making informed decisions. In investigating the effect of accessibility of capital on SMEs performance, it can be concluded that it had great effect in improving SMEs service delivery and production of goods. The issue of governance has helped in proper utilization of resources and to a great extends reduced levels of fraud. Comparability of financial statements has helped the SMEs in having easy access to financial institutions and being to do accurate SWOT analysis thus giving them a competitive edge. Information asymmetry improved the levels of investment and enabling stakeholder’s make informed economic decisions. In conclusion is apparent that international financial reporting standards are an important component in the performance of SMEs

the case of Southern African Development Community (2000-2020)

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022The paper assesses tax revenue performance in the Southern African Development Community by empirically estimating the member countries’ tax capacity and tax effort to determine member states that are near or far from their tax capacity using the standard regression approach. Tax revenue mobilization is of paramount importance for a country’s development and subsequent regional socioeconomic development; therefore, it is imperative to heighten the understanding of whether the current tax systems in the region provide enough tax revenue to meet public expenditure needs. Literature suggests that several economic, demographic, and institutional aspects restrict tax collections. In this regard, the study finds that the level of economic growth, financial deepening, and trade openness positively and significantly influence tax revenue mobilization. On the other side, urbanization, the share of agriculture in GDP, and the size of the shadow economy are negatively and significantly impacting on tax capacity. More so, the low levels of governance quality are having detrimental effects on tax collection and the effect is larger compared to other determinants. Overall low tax collection in the region is attributable to both low tax capacity and administrative inefficiencies. It is also established in the study that the impact of changes in tax structure and systems and external shocks should not be overlooked. The ranking of member countries into different groups of performers has assisted in providing broad guidance for tax policy design and reforms. However, the cross-cutting issue is the need for improving governance to build effective and efficient systems.1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 2 OVERVIEW OF SADC TAX STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS 3 SCHOLARHIP REVIEW 4 METHODS, DATA, AND DATA SOURCES 5 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6 CONCLUSION, POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND AREAS FOR FURTHER STUDYmasterpublishedKlery CHIKWED

School Accountability and Administrator Incentives in California

Examines the impact of the No Child Left Behind Act's incentives for principals, superintendents, and school boards on accountability. Calls for transparency on the effectiveness of schools, districts, and interventions in improving student achievement

Regulation, governance and informality: an empirical analysis of selected countries

The Informal Economy provides employment to more than 60 per cent of the labour population in the developing world despite being a site unfettered by regulations and social norms of fairness governing pay and work conditions. In assessing the factors behind an informal agent’s decision to formalize, it is asserted that rigidity in regulatory mechanism is the primary cause that impedes the process of formalization. However whether flexible regulations can encourage formalization by making gains of formalization more accessible and certain remains a question. In this paper we argue that flexible regulations does not necessarily manifest into the incentives that are essential for formalization. Reducing rigidities in regulation has a significant pay off only in the ambit of good governance. More specifically we hypothesise that degree of intensity of regulation will hardly matter in containing informality; rather what matters is the quality of governance and capability of the institutions to put the regulations into effect. Using secondary data for 46 countries over the period between 1980 and 2008, we empirically investigate into the linkages between governance, regulation and informal employment by developing static and dynamic panel data models and establish that in curbing informality what turns out to be crucial is the interaction between quality of governance and regulation

Corporate Boards and Ownership Structure as Antecedents of Corporate Governance Disclosure in Saudi Arabian Publicly Listed Corporations

We investigate whether and to what extent publicly listed corporations voluntarily comply with and disclose recommended good corporate governance (CG) practices, and distinctively examine whether the observed cross-sectional differences in such CG disclosures can be explained by ownership and board mechanisms with specific focus on Saudi Arabia. Our results suggest that corporations with larger boards, a big-four auditor, higher government ownership, a CG committee and higher institutional ownership disclose considerably more than those that are not. By contrast, we find that an increase in block ownership significantly reduces CG disclosure. Our results are generally robust to a number of econometric models that control for different types of disclosure indices, firm-specific characteristics and firm-level fixed-effects. Our results have important implications for policy-makers, practitioners and regulatory authorities, especially those in developing countries across the globe

Development Through Empowerment: Delivering Effective Public Services - A Literature Review

This paper reviews the channels through which empowerment may improve the efficiency and quality of public service delivery, particularly in developing Asia. Departing from a macro perspective, we focus and revisit microeconomic evidence for three broad measures aimed at empowering the poor: empowerment through voice, empowerment through exit, and empowerment through information

Current policy issues in the governance of the European patent system

The European Parliament has been working towards building a discussion platform and a resource for further policy actions in the field of intellectual property rights. The Science and Technology Options Assessment Panel has set the goal of further enlarging the area of investigation in light of recent policy developments at the European level. In particular, the current study covers current policy issues in the governance of the European patent system, such as the backlog issue, the enhancement of patent awareness within the European Parliament, patent enforcement, the regional dimension of intellectual property in Europe, patents and standardisation, the use of existing patents, and patents and competition. These issues were discussed in the conference with stakeholders from European to national patent offices, from private to public sector actors. As a result of the conference, it was stated the need for an IP strategy for Europ

Count on Your Subordinates: Young Managers and Innovation Efficiency

We investigate the relationship between executives’ horizons and firms’ innovation efficiency. Motivated by Acharya, Myers, and Rajan’s (2011, JF) theory, we devise a measure of internal governance based on the difference in expected horizons between a CEO and her subordinates. Consistent with our conjecture, we find robust evidence that subordinate managers with longer horizon compared to the CEO can improve firm’s innovation efficiency. Internal governance has a stronger effect on innovation efficiency for firms with elder, generalist CEOs and when the number of subordinates on the board is higher. However, while the presence of powerful CEOs attenuates the effect, overconfident CEOs do not negate the internal governance effect. Our proposed internal governance mechanism seems to be able to address the managerial myopia issue in corporate settings