The Impact Of Design Patterns In Refactoring Technique To Measure Performance Efficiency

Designing and developing software application has never been an easy task. The process is often time consuming and requires interaction between several different aspects. It will be harder in re-engineering the legacy system through refactoring technique, especially when consider to achieve software standard quality. Performance is one of the essential a quality attribute of software quality. Many studies in the literature have premise that design patterns improve the quality of object-oriented software systems but some studies suggest that the use of design patterns do not always result in appropriate designs. There are remaining question issues on negative or positive impacts of pattern refactoring in performance. In practice, refactoring in any part or structure of the system may take effect to another related part or structure. Effect of the process using refactoring technique and design patterns may improve software quality by making it more performable efficiency. Considerable research has been devoted in re-designing the system to improve software quality as maintainability and reliability. Less attention has been paid in measuring impact of performance efficiency quality factor. The main idea of this thesis is to investigate the impact, demonstrate how design patterns can be used to refactor the legacy software application in term of performance efficiency. It is therefore beneficial to investigate whether design patterns may influence performance of applications. In the thesis, an enterprise project named SIA (Sistem Informasi Akademik) is designed by applying Java EE platform. Some issues related to design patterns are addressed. The selection of design pattern is based on the application context issue. There are three kind of parameters measure, time behavior, resource utilization and capacity measures that based on standard guideline. We use tools support in experimentation as Apache JMeter and Java Mission Control. These tools provide convenient and generate appropriate result of performance measurement. The experiment results shown that the comparison between the legacy and refactored system that implemented design pattern indicates influence on application quality, especially on performance efficiency. ================================================================================================== Merancang dan mengembangkan aplikasi perangkat lunak bukan merupakan pekerjaan yang mudah karena membutuhkan waktu dan interaksi antara beberapa aspek. Proses desain pada rekayasa ulang akan lebih sulit meskipun melalui teknik refactoring, terutama untuk mencapai standar kualitas perangkat lunak. Kinerja merupakan salah satu atribut terpenting kualitas perangkat lunak. Banyak penelitian menjelaskan pola desain memperbaiki kualitas sistem perangkat lunak berorientasi objek, namun beberapa penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pola desain tidak selalu menghasilkan desain yang sesuai. Masih ada pertanyaan tentang dampak negatif atau positif dari kinerja pola refactoring. Pada praktiknya, melakukan refactoring pada suatu bagian atau struktur sistem akan berpengaruh pada bagian atau struktur lain yang terkait. Penggunaan teknik refactoring dan pola desain dapat meningkatkan kualitas perangkat lunak dengan kinerja lebih efisien. Sudah banyak penelitian yang berfokus untuk merancang ulang sistem untuk meningkatkan kualitas perangkat lunak sebagai kemampuan rawatan dan keandalan. Tetapi masih kurang penelitian perhatian dalam mengukur dampak faktor kualitas efisiensi kinerja. Tujuan utama dalam tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampaknya, menunjukkan bagaimana pola desain dapat digunakan untuk refactor aplikasi perangkat lunak terdahulu dalam hal efisiensi kinerja. Oleh karena itu, akan bermanfaat untuk menyelidiki apakah pola desain dapat mempengaruhi kinerja aplikasi. Dalam tesis ini, sebuah proyek perusahaan bernama SIA (Sistem Informasi Akademik) dirancang dengan menerapkan platform Java EE. Beberapa masalah yang terkait dengan pola desain diketahui. Pemilihan pola desain berdasarkan pada isu konteks aplikasi. Tiga jenis ukuran parameter dipakai untuk penilitian ini, perilaku waktu, pemanfaatan sumber daya dan ukuran kapasitas yang berdasarkan pada pedoman standar. Kami menggunakan Apache JMeter dan Java Mission Control sebagai alat bantu dalam eksperimen. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan antara sistem terdahulu dengan penelitian ini yang menerapkan pola desain menunjukkan bahwa hasilnya berpengaruh terhadap kualitas aplikasi terutama pada efisiensi kinerja

キョジュウチ オープン スペース ニ タイスル ジュウミン ノ シコウセイ ト コウドウ ノ タヨウセイ ノ ハアク シュホウ

The rapid urbanization of Chinese cities has been resulting to the degradation of urban residential environments. As a representative of green areas, residential open spaces play key roles to balance the needs for both conservation and development. To provide insights for satisfactory planning of open space, the translation of intangible recreational value of open space into concrete value is necessary. In order to achieve the goal of public benefits, this study attempts to integrate public preference from residents to reflect the demands of the community that is the main stakeholders, who consume open space service in the form of recreational opportunities and amenities. Study of behavior and evaluation of residents may lead for action to interrelate the local view into planning process. Moreover, the relationship between spatial features and subjective perception was also examined based on the case study of Hangzhou City. Human perception to the surrounding environment is diverse, and consequently the expression of residents deriving from perception can be observed through their behavior mode. As a result, this reaction of stimulus and feedback produces a new concept of interrelationship among subjective evaluation, behavior and human socio-demographic attributes. Herein the concept was concluded as lifestyle concerning residential open space. With consideration of its complexity, it is significant to classify the typical variations of residents’ lifestyle in residential open space. The study concentrated on the satisfaction indices and the preference ranking that influence the behavior of residents. The new quantification framework was developed through the interaction of behavior approaches together with subjective evaluation approaches by proposing a method to explore the interaction between residents’ opinion and behavioral dynamics. As to behavior approaches, this study established an unconventional determinant factor to enable the examination of temporal regulation, spatial distribution and activit

The utilization of artificial intelligence in online advertising and its perceived effectiveness

This study explores the utilization of Artificial Intelligence in online advertising process and the impact of using AI each stage in that process with the overall perceived effectiveness. It also provides a better understanding of the magnitude of using AI in the four stages of advertising online: namely consumer insights, ad creation, media planning and buying, and finally ad evaluation. Process model of AI utilization in online advertising is the conceptual model of the study, which is developed from the previous literature. A triangulation methodology is implemented to enhance the credibility of the research study and leads to a more comprehensive understanding of the topic. Online survey is conducted with digital advertisers worldwide from both agency and client side. Nonrandom sampling (N=60) was implemented to test 5 constructs from the perspective of the respondents. Three in-depth interviews were also conducted before and after the online questionnaire to analyze the findings and results and demonstrate insights on the five proposed research questions. Findings of the study showed beyond doubt that AI is stepping strongly and progressively in the four stages of the data-based online advertising process. Moreover, it significantly showed that there is a relationship between AI utilization in each stage and the following one. Finally, results indicated that using AI in each advertising stage promotes the perceived effectiveness of the overall online ad process

Using bad smell-driven code refactorings in mobile applications to reduce battery usage

Mobile devices are the most popular kind of computational device in the world. These devices have more limited resources than personal computers, and more importantly, battery consumption is always an issue since mobile devices rely on their battery as energy supply. On the other hand, to date, many applications are developed using the object-oriented (OO) paradigm, which has some inherent features, such as object creation, that inherently consume energy in the context of mobile development. These features at the same time enable for maintainability, flexibility, among other software quality-related advantages. Moreover, known code refactorings driven by bad smells can be applied to mobile applications to produce good OO designs, at the expense of potentially consuming more energy. Then, this paper presents an analysis to evaluate the preliminary trade-off between OO design purity and battery consumption.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

Assessment of Octave’s OO features based on GoF patterns

This thesis aims to evaluate the object-oriented (OO) features of the Octave programming language, through the implementation of the popular Gang-of-Four (GoF) design patterns. The study explores the fundamental principles of OO, including modularity, inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction, and investigates how these concepts are supported by Octave. This research is conducted through the implementation of two complete collections of the GoF patterns originally coded in Java and the subsequent analysis of the quality of the implementations thus derived. This evaluation is based on comparisons with their Java counterparts as regards modularity and flexible module composition. To our knowledge, no study of this nature has been made on Octave. This thesis is intended to contribute to a better understanding of Octave’s current OO capabilities and limitations as well as its potential as a tool for developing complex software systems.Esta tese visa avaliar as características orientadas a objetos (OO) da linguagem de programação Octave, através da implementação dos populares design patterns dos Gang-of-Four (GoF). O estudo explora alguns princípios fundamentais de OO, incluindo modularidade, herança, encapsulamento, polimorfismo e abstração, e investiga o suporte de Octave a estes conceitos. Esta investigação é conduzida através da implementação de duas coleções completas dos padrões GoF originalmente desenvolvidos em Java e da análise subsequente à qualidade das implementações assim derivadas. Esta avaliação é baseada em comparações com os seus equivalentes Java no que diz respeito à modularidade e composição de módulos flexível. Segundo a nossa pesquisa, ainda não foi feito qualquer estudo desta natureza em Octave. Esta tese destina-se a contribuir para uma melhor compreensão das atuais capacidades e limitações do paradigma OO em Octave, bem como do seu potencial como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software complexos

Using bad smell-driven code refactorings in mobile applications to reduce battery usage

Mobile devices are the most popular kind of computational device in the world. These devices have more limited resources than personal computers, and more importantly, battery consumption is always an issue since mobile devices rely on their battery as energy supply. On the other hand, to date, many applications are developed using the object-oriented (OO) paradigm, which has some inherent features, such as object creation, that inherently consume energy in the context of mobile development. These features at the same time enable for maintainability, flexibility, among other software quality-related advantages. Moreover, known code refactorings driven by bad smells can be applied to mobile applications to produce good OO designs, at the expense of potentially consuming more energy. Then, this paper presents an analysis to evaluate the preliminary trade-off between OO design purity and battery consumption.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO