Quantifying the resource of sharing a reference frame

We define a new quantity called refbit, which allows one to quantify the resource of sharing a reference frame in quantum communication protocols. By considering both asymptotic and nonasymptotic protocols we find relations between refbits and other communication resources. We also consider the same resources in encoded, reference-frame independent, form. This allows one to rephrase and unify previous work on phase references, reference frames, and superselection rules.Comment: Updated title as PRA did not accept the word "refbit" in the title: PRA accepts neither neologisms (="a meaningless word coined by a psychotic", according to Webster), nor novophasm

A novel method for unambiguous ion identification in mixed ion beams extracted from an EBIT

A novel technique to identify small fluxes of mixed highly charged ion beams extracted from an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) is presented and practically demonstrated. The method exploits projectile charge state dependent potential emission of electrons as induced by ion impact on a metal surface to separate ions with identical or very similar mass-to-charge ratio.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Sustainable typography

We need to radically re-think typography for text-rich business documents & publications (not referring to books). Most designers assume people have time to read. In reality the following occurs: Observations: 1) We browse/forage (71%) then read (11%) 2) People have different time tolerances and requirements for detail i.e. the same information is required to different levels of detailing dependent on the time the reader can allocate to it (Senior directors will have less time than juniors). 3) People want choice as to whether they wish to view information on paper, i-phone, PowerPoint or via web/screen. 4) Most publications do not follow the cognitive principles of how we are Œwired‚ to interpret visual signals. Message-based Design & Message-based Writing (MBD/MBW) is a system that addresses these 4 points and allows key messages to be understood prior to reading simply by scanning the page with its embedded Œvisual hooks‚ to draw the reader in. Thus it overcomes Œfilter failure‚ a phrase coined and first used by Clay Shirky at the Web 2.0 Expo. It collapses to a summary and exploits the way we are wired. Additionally it caters for up to 4 time tolerances of readers and morphs‚ from paper to screen effortlessly

When only two thirds of the entanglement can be distilled

We provide an example of distillable bipartite mixed state such that, even in the asymptotic limit, more pure-state entanglement is required to create it than can be distilled from it. Thus, we show that the irreversibility in the processes of formation and distillation of bipartite states, recently proved in [G. Vidal, J.I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, (2001) 5803-5806], is not limited to bound-entangled states.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, 1 figur

A Corporate Finance Cash Flow model with Float

In this paper we introduce a Cash Flow Model with Float so as to overcome apparent shortcomings that pervade the Standard Cash Flow Model. We deploy the complex structure the float exhibits and this allows not only for strategic financial decision making but a much more sensible use of sources and applications of expected future cash flows, as well. Furthermore, it provides with a method for building up floats. It is a distinguishing feature in this model that uncovers agency problems and costs. Besides, it gives grounds for a quantitative approach to free cash flows analysis. Prior to introducing the model, however, we derive both the Statement of Cash Flows and the Standard Cash Flow Model so as to weigh up their qualifications against the model with float.Cash Flow, Float, Corporate Finance, Corporate Governance