A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Ubiquitous Paprika Growth Management System

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology can facilitate advances in productivity, safety and human quality of life through its applications in various industries. In particular, the application of WSN technology to the agricultural area, which is labor-intensive compared to other industries, and in addition is typically lacking in IT technology applications, adds value and can increase the agricultural productivity. This study attempts to establish a ubiquitous agricultural environment and improve the productivity of farms that grow paprika by suggesting a ‘Ubiquitous Paprika Greenhouse Management System’ using WSN technology. The proposed system can collect and monitor information related to the growth environment of crops outside and inside paprika greenhouses by installing WSN sensors and monitoring images captured by CCTV cameras. In addition, the system provides a paprika greenhouse environment control facility for manual and automatic control from a distance, improves the convenience and productivity of users, and facilitates an optimized environment to grow paprika based on the growth environment data acquired by operating the system

A Review of Wireless Sensor Technologies and Applications in Agriculture and Food Industry: State of the Art and Current Trends

The aim of the present paper is to review the technical and scientific state of the art of wireless sensor technologies and standards for wireless communications in the Agri-Food sector. These technologies are very promising in several fields such as environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, cold chain control or traceability. The paper focuses on WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), presenting the different systems available, recent developments and examples of applications, including ZigBee based WSN and passive, semi-passive and active RFID. Future trends of wireless communications in agriculture and food industry are also discussed

IoT oriented SIEM tools

openNowadays, most devices can connect and communicate data. One example is IoT devices, technological devices that can communicate information gathered from the environment with a high degree of automation, communicating the data through networks. New IoT devices and increasingly reliable and fast wireless networks make it easy to collect large amounts of data with high accuracy. The introduction of these new technologies has created new vulnerabilities in complex systems, allowing an attacker to breach them more easily. Attackers use these devices, which generally lack important protections because they are composed of minimal hardware. Generally, the attackers' goal is to capture data, create malfunctions, steal sensitive and personal information and more. In order to protect and limit the actions of possible attackers, new software has been developed to neutralise or reduce vulnerabilities in a complex system. An example of software that belongs to this category is SIEM which is analysed in this thesis. They make it possible to analyse real-time data and logs to understand the system situation. They give the possibility of creating a history of the information collected by the system, indexing the data allowing efficient and fast analysis. In addition, they make it possible to visualise the collected data in a user-friendly way. The introduction of artificial intelligence has made these tools more precise, allowing the automatic creation of thresholds that generate alerts in critical situations if exceeded. These tools may also be able to autonomously analyse the environment, identify any vulnerability in the system, and respond to certain situations autonomously. In this thesis, SIEM and IoT are combined. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool in protecting a complex system that also consists of IoT devices. Greenhouse sensors are simulated communicating data using the MQTT protocol. DoS attacks are performed in the system and the network status is collected using SIEM. With the use of the SIEM, user-friendly visualisations are made available to the security teams to easily analyse and evaluate the status of the system. In conclusion, the combination of IoT devices and SIEM is effective and easy to implement, thanks in part to the use of the MQTT data protocol. This provides end-users with a tool that allows them to easily detect and resolve vulnerabilities that may be present within a complex system, relating to security, authentication and authorisation. They can also evaluate the information collected by the sensors. Thanks to the low cost of implementation, and ease and intuitiveness of deployment, this combination can also be easily used by end-users without high economic means and in any field, becoming a tool accessible to anyone.Nowadays, most devices can connect and communicate data. One example is IoT devices, technological devices that can communicate information gathered from the environment with a high degree of automation, communicating the data through networks. New IoT devices and increasingly reliable and fast wireless networks make it easy to collect large amounts of data with high accuracy. The introduction of these new technologies has created new vulnerabilities in complex systems, allowing an attacker to breach them more easily. Attackers use these devices, which generally lack important protections because they are composed of minimal hardware. Generally, the attackers' goal is to capture data, create malfunctions, steal sensitive and personal information and more. In order to protect and limit the actions of possible attackers, new software has been developed to neutralise or reduce vulnerabilities in a complex system. An example of software that belongs to this category is SIEM which is analysed in this thesis. They make it possible to analyse real-time data and logs to understand the system situation. They give the possibility of creating a history of the information collected by the system, indexing the data allowing efficient and fast analysis. In addition, they make it possible to visualise the collected data in a user-friendly way. The introduction of artificial intelligence has made these tools more precise, allowing the automatic creation of thresholds that generate alerts in critical situations if exceeded. These tools may also be able to autonomously analyse the environment, identify any vulnerability in the system, and respond to certain situations autonomously. In this thesis, SIEM and IoT are combined. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the tool in protecting a complex system that also consists of IoT devices. Greenhouse sensors are simulated communicating data using the MQTT protocol. DoS attacks are performed in the system and the network status is collected using SIEM. With the use of the SIEM, user-friendly visualisations are made available to the security teams to easily analyse and evaluate the status of the system. In conclusion, the combination of IoT devices and SIEM is effective and easy to implement, thanks in part to the use of the MQTT data protocol. This provides end-users with a tool that allows them to easily detect and resolve vulnerabilities that may be present within a complex system, relating to security, authentication and authorisation. They can also evaluate the information collected by the sensors. Thanks to the low cost of implementation, and ease and intuitiveness of deployment, this combination can also be easily used by end-users without high economic means and in any field, becoming a tool accessible to anyone