1,178 research outputs found

    Web Supervision System of a Freight Elevator

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    Nowadays, automation and industrial control is an area in which there are innovations ev- ery day in terms of process digitalization, equipment interconnection and human-machine interaction, which results in a constant learning and adaptation to new technologies and methodologies developed. With this comes the responsibility to keep systems robust and prepared for eventual failures, while moving towards an increasing dependence on remote communication between different controllers and different processes. This fact leads to the need to create supervision and monitoring tools capable of detecting and transmitting existing failures, while ensuring that the system continues to operate with the same stability and performance. Therefore, in this work it is proposed the development of a supervisory tool based on industrial automation that has a fault detection component and a human-machine interface in order to incorporate all the essential features of an industrial supervisor. Using industrial programming languages for Programmable Logic Controllers, it was possible to develop an algorithm that is based on inference mechanisms to identify potential faults in the system, which are then transmitted to the user in an interface that can be accessed either locally or remotely via the Web.Nos dias de hoje, a automação e controlo industrial é uma área onde existe todos os dias inovações ao nível da digitalização de processos, da interconexão de equipamentos e na interação Homem-máquina, o que resulta numa constante aprendizagem e adaptação às novas tecnologias e metodologias desenvolvidas. Com isto, vem a responsabilidade de manter os sistemas robustos e preparados para eventuais falhas, ao mesmo tempo que se avança no sentido da cada vez maior dependência da comunicação remota entre diferentes controladores e diferentes processos. Este facto leva a que tenham de ser criadas ferramentas de supervisão e monitorização capazes de detetar e transmitir as falhas existentes, enquanto se garante que o sistema continua em funcionamento garantindo a mesma estabilidade e performance. Assim, neste trabalho é proposto o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta de supervisão baseada em automação industrial que possua uma componente de deteção de falhas e uma interface Homem-máquina de forma a incorporar todas as funcionalidades essenciais de um supervisor industrial. Recorrendo a linguagens de programação industrial para controladores lógicos programáveis, foi possível desenvolver um algoritmo que se baseia em mecanismos de inferência para identificar potenciais avarias no sistema que são posteriormente transmitidas ao utilizador numa interface que pode ser acedida quer localmente, quer remotamente via Web

    Digital Triplet Approach for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of an Elevator Security System

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    As Digital Twins gain more traction and their adoption in industry increases, there is a need to integrate such technology with machine learning features to enhance functionality and enable decision making tasks. This has lead to the emergence of a concept known as Digital Triplet; an enhancement of Digital Twin technology through the addition of an ’intelligent activity layer’. This is a relatively new technology in Industrie 4.0 and research efforts are geared towards exploring its applicability, development and testing of means for implementation and quick adoption. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Digital Triplet for a three-floor elevator system. It demonstrates the integration of a machine learning (ML) object detection model and the system Digital Twin. This was done to introduce an additional security feature that enabled the system to make a decision, based on objects detected and take preliminary security measures. The virtual model was designed in Siemens NX and programmed via Total Integrated Automation (TIA) portal software. The corresponding physical model was fabricated and controlled using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) S7 1200. A control program was developed to mimic the general operations of a typical elevator system used in a commercial building setting. Communication, between the physical and virtual models, was enabled using the OPC-Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) protocol. Object recognition using “You only look once” (YOLOV3) based machine learning algorithm was incorporated. The Digital Triplet’s functionality was tested, ensuring the virtual system duplicated actual operations of the physical counterpart through the use of sensor data. Performance testing was done to determine the impact of the ML module on the real-time functionality aspect of the system. Experiment results showed the object recognition contributed an average of 1.083s to an overall signal travel time of 1.338 s

    Centralized Control System for Cement Plant

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    Centralised Control System for Cement Plant is a control system with multiple Siemens PLC CPUs, each CPU has its own control station called Field Control Station (FCS). There are 3 FCS altogether communicating each other and sharing data through Ethernet communication system as defined in its sharing Data Block (DB). Each FCS has multiple I/O cards (Digital Input, Digital Output, Analog Input, Analog Output) and CPU. Cement plant has different manufacturing stages, first one is Limestone Crusher which is getting controlled by FCS named FCS01, second is Raw Mill Grinding (RMG) for grinding limestone with different impurities and its using FCS02. Third stage 5 is Kiln system for burning the grinded feed to make the Clinker (Cement) and its using FCS03. Each FCS is at some meter distance from each other. All the FCS are communicating through Ethernet and fibre optics communication. It can share any data up to 400 bytes at a time. In this project I am sharing 20 bytes to demonstrate the communication. Some of the data are binary control signal and some of them are analogue parameters, PLCs will take decision depends on the data they receive from other PLC. Due to unavailability of physical PLC, I am simulating my project on Siemens simulator, here I have used Siemens PLC CPU S7 -400 CPUs with each FCS and each FCS has 32 input DI card, 32 output DO card and different AI/AO card with respect to the requirement. I have used Simatic Step7 to program the multiple PLCs and using WinCC to design mimic on the screen. I have made one screen with multiple tabs to access particular FCS data. Operator who is sitting in Common Control Room (CCR) can see all the data (Analog, Digital) in the CCR. Each Motor circuit has multiple parameters and control signals that operator can see in CCR and can give start/stop command to any motor from the mimic in the CCR. These control signals come from the electrical cabinets to the PLC and I have designed the PLC in a way that if all control signals fulfil its condition then PLC with accept operator command or else PLC will notify operator about any particular signal missing or not available. After taking command, if any control signal malfunctioned then PLC will trip the motor and will generate an alarm to notify operator why it happened. This control system is also logging all the analogue parameters for nearly up to 3 months and if operator wanted to see any analogue parameters activity can see by going into the trend window and there, operator needs to put the particular date and time to see the graphical representation. This system also logs all the alarms for up to 1000 alarms and if operator want then he can go in alarm list and see how many times alarm occurred and even he can search any particular alarm in the list with alarm number

    Analysis and full automation of an industrial system: functional optimization and vertical integration

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    This final project describes the entire automation procedure for a power & free conveyor and a double level conveyor belt. After a detailed description of both systems under mechanical and electrical perspectives, the thesis explains the implementation of an operating mode that complies with safety rules and ensures power saving as much as possible. Complete but intuitive HMI are realized; in addition, according to vertical integration, alarm diagnostic and database management are provide

    Elevator controller based on implementing a random access memory in FPGA

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    Previous techniques of elevator controllers suffer from two main challenges: processing time, and software size. In this work these challenges have been overcame by implementing a controller random access memory (RAM) in a fast FPGA for a proto-type of two-floors elevator, as known the RAM and FPGA are fast devices. A look-up-table LUT (which is fast technique) has been proposed for this work, this LUT has represented a proposed relation between 10 and 7 lines, the states of the sensors and switches have been represented by the 10 input lines, and the commands for the motors of slide door and traction machine have been represented by the 7 output lines. The proposed LUT has been schematically realize by a (10×7) bits RAM which has been implemented in field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The proposed system has been performed using 'ISE Design Suit' software package and FPGA Spartan6 SP-605 evaluation kit, the clock frequency of this FPGA is 200 MHz which is respectively high. The processing time and software size of the proposed controller had reached to 20ns and 3.75 MB, which they are less than that obtained from the results of previous techniques

    VIRTUAL PLC PLATFORM FOR SECURITY AND FORENSICS OF INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

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    Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are vital in managing critical infrastructures, including nuclear power plants and electric grids. With the advent of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), these systems have been integrated into broader networks, enhancing efficiency but also becoming targets for cyberattacks. Central to ICS are Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), which bridge the physical and cyber worlds and are often exploited by attackers. There\u27s a critical need for tools to analyze cyberattacks on PLCs, uncover vulnerabilities, and improve ICS security. Existing tools are hindered by the proprietary nature of PLC software, limiting scalability and efficiency. To overcome these challenges, I developed a Virtual PLC Platform (VPP) for forensic analyses of ICS attacks and vulnerability identification. The VPP employs the packet replay technique, using network traffic to create a PLC template. This template guides the virtual PLC in network communication, mimicking real PLCs. A Protocol Reverse Engineering Engine (PREE) module assists in reverse-engineering ICS protocols and discovering vulnerabilities. The VPP is automated, supporting PLCs from various vendors, and eliminates manual reverse engineering. This dissertation highlights the architecture and applications of the VPP in forensic analysis, reverse engineering, vulnerability discovery, and threat intelligence gathering, all crucial to bolstering the security and integrity of critical infrastructure

    Wall Climbing Robot

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    This report basically discusses the preliminary research done and basic understanding of the chosen topic, which is Wall Climbing Robots. Theobjective of this project is to develop of robot manipulator capable of ascending glass wall to do cleaning duties. The operation of the wall climbing robot in this project will be based on the pneumatic conceptthat is the suction of air to make robot can move along the vertical glass. This project will require a program using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to be the controller to its movement. The PLC ladder program will execute a sequence automatically according to the pre defined sequence of robot motion

    Comparing Elevator Strategies for a Parking Lot

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    In this paper, we compare elevator strategies for a parking garage. It is assumed that the parking garage has several floors and there is an elevator which can stop on each floor. We begin by considering 4 strategies detailed in page 23. For each strategy, we loop the program 100 times, and get 100 mean values for wait times. Welch\u27s test confirms highly significant differences among the 4 strategies. Repeating the analysis multiple times we see that the best of the 4 strategies is strategy 2, which places the elevator on floor 2 (the median floor) after use

    Design and Implementation of a Networked Control System

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    Development of a mine hoist and ore pass research facility

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    "A hoisting and ore pass research facility was developed at the Spokane Research Center, Washington to assess methods for improving the safety of mine shaft and ore pass vertical movement operations. The technology available, including equipment used and sensor availability were assessed. The performance of hoist control equipment (hoist room controls, motors and gearboxes, and winders) and infrastructure (support frameworks, guides, wire ropes, and skips and cages), conveyance monitoring processes, and elevator control systems were also assessed. The information gathered contributed to the development of a new hoisting and ore pass testing facility, and improvements to the design of monitoring and data collection equipment. Critical hoist operating parameters such as conveyance position, conveyance speed and acceleration, load, rope tension, and shaft guide misalignment could be monitored and assessed. It was also possible to investigate the causes of ore pass blockages and to increase safety by detecting blockages and improving hang up removal methods." - NIOSHTIC-2Includes bibliographical references
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