328,428 research outputs found
Matching bias in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a dual-process account from response times and confidence ratings
We examined matching bias in syllogistic reasoning by analysing response times, confidence ratings, and individual differences. Robertsâ (2005) ânegations paradigmâ was used to generate conflict between the surface features of problems and the logical status of conclusions. The experiment replicated matching bias effects in conclusion evaluation (Stupple & Waterhouse, 2009), revealing increased processing times for matching/logic âconflict problemsâ. Results paralleled chronometric evidence from the belief bias paradigm indicating that logic/belief conflict problems take longer to process than non-conflict problems (Stupple, Ball, Evans, & Kamal-Smith, 2011). Individualsâ response times for conflict problems also showed patterns of association with the degree of overall normative responding. Acceptance rates, response times, metacognitive confidence judgements, and individual differences all converged in supporting dual-process theory. This is noteworthy because dual-process predictions about heuristic/analytic conflict in syllogistic reasoning generalised from the belief bias paradigm to a situation where matching features of conclusions, rather than beliefs, were set in opposition to logic
A haptic-enabled multimodal interface for the planning of hip arthroplasty
Multimodal environments help fuse a diverse range of sensory modalities, which is particularly important when integrating the complex data involved in surgical preoperative planning. The authors apply a multimodal interface for preoperative planning of hip arthroplasty with a user interface that integrates immersive stereo displays and haptic modalities. This article overviews this multimodal application framework and discusses the benefits of incorporating the haptic modality in this area
Disentangling the Dynamical Mechanisms for Cluster Galaxy Evolution
The determination of the dynamical causes of the morphological Butcher-Oemler
(BO) effect, or the rapid transformation of a large population of late-type
galaxies to earlier Hubble types in the rich cluster environment between
intermediate redshifts and the local universe, has been an important unsolved
problem which is central to our understanding of the general problems of galaxy
formation and evolution. In this article, we survey the existing proposed
mechanisms for cluster galaxy transformation, and discuss their relevance and
limitations to the explanation of the morphological BO effect. A new infrared
diagnostic approach is devised to disentangle the relative importance of
several major physical mechanisms to account for the BO effect, and an example
of the first application of this procedure to a single rich, intermediate
redshift galaxy cluster is given to demonstrate the viability of this approach.
The preliminary result of this analysis favors the interaction-enhanced secular
evolution process as the major cause of the cluster-galaxy morphological
transformation. This conclusion is also supported by a wide range of other
published results which are assembled here to highlight their implications on a
coherent physical origin for the morphological BO effect.Comment: Accepted for publication in the PAS
Single-hit criterion in DAMA/LIBRA DM search and daemons - they are anything but weakly interacting
Our prediction that the more massive DAMA/LIBRA detector would detect a
smaller number of events per unit of mass and time than the DAMA/NaI system has
got confirmation. This is easy to understand, because DM objects are by far not
the WIMPs of the Galactic halo that interact only weakly with matter but are
apparently instead electrically charged Planckian objects, i.e., daemons which
fall from Earth-crossing orbits with V = 30-50 km/s and undergo multiple
interaction with condensed matter already in its outer layers, on a path of a
few tens of cm. Therefore, one should use not compact massive detectors but
rather systems with a large surface area, as we did to detect daemons with thin
ZnS(Ag) scintillators. There are grounds to believe that correct use of the
single-hit criterion in LIBRA should reveal DM particles with V = 30-50 km/s,
and subsequently, with V = 10-15 km/s as well.Comment: 8 page
Investigation of the neurovascular coupling in positive and negative BOLD responses in human brain at 7T
Decreases in stimulus-dependent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal and their underlying neurovascular origins have recently gained considerable interest. In this study a multi-echo, BOLD-corrected vascular space occupancy (VASO) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique was used to investigate neurovascular responses during stimuli that elicit positive and negative BOLD responses in human brain at 7 T. Stimulus-induced BOLD, cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes were measured and analyzed in âarterialâ and âvenousâ blood compartments in macro- and microvasculature. We found that the overall interplay of mean CBV, CBF and BOLD responses is similar for tasks inducing positive and negative BOLD responses. Some aspects of the neurovascular coupling however, such as the temporal response, cortical depth dependence, and the weighting between âarterialâ and âvenousâ contributions, are significantly different for the different task conditions. Namely, while for excitatory tasks the BOLD response peaks at the cortical surface, and the CBV change is similar in cortex and pial vasculature, inhibitory tasks are associated with a maximum negative BOLD response in deeper layers, with CBV showing strong constriction of surface arteries and a faster return to baseline. The different interplays of CBV, CBF and BOLD during excitatory and inhibitory responses suggests different underlying hemodynamic mechanisms
Modelling virtual urban environments
In this paper, we explore the way in which virtual reality (VR) systems are being broadened to encompass a wide array of virtual worlds, many of which have immediate applicability to understanding urban issues through geocomputation. Wesketch distinctions between immersive, semi-immersive and remote environments in which single and multiple users interact in a variety of ways. We show how suchenvironments might be modelled in terms of ways of navigating within, processes of decision-making which link users to one another, analytic functions that users have to make sense of the environment, and functions through which users can manipulate, change, or design their world. We illustrate these ideas using four exemplars that we have under construction: a multi-user internet GIS for Londonwith extensive links to 3-d, video, text and related media, an exploration of optimal retail location using a semi-immersive visualisation in which experts can explore such problems, a virtual urban world in which remote users as avatars can manipulate urban designs, and an approach to simulating such virtual worlds through morphological modelling based on the digital record of the entire decision-making process through which such worlds are built
High order elastic terms, boojums and general paradigm of the elastic interaction between colloidal particles in the nematic liquid crystals
Theoretical description of the elastic interaction between colloidal
particles in NLC with incorporation of the higher order elastic terms beyond
the limit of dipole and qudrupole interactions is proposed. The expression for
the elastic interaction potential between axially symmetric colloidal
particles, taking into account of the high order elastic terms, is obtained.
The general paradigm of the elastic interaction between colloidal particles in
NLC is proposed so that every particle with strong anchoring and radius has
three zones surrounding itself. The first zone for is the
zone of topological defects; the second zone at the approximate distance range
is the zone where crossover from
topological defects to the main multipole moment takes place. The higher order
elastic terms are essential nere (from 10% to 60% of the total deformation).
The third zone is the zone of the main multipole moment, where higher order
terms make a contribution of less than 10%. This zone extends to distances
.
The case of spherical particles with planar anchoring conditions and boojums
at the poles is considered as an example. It is found that boojums can be
described analitically via multipole expansion with accuracy up to
and the whole spherical particle can be effectively considered as the multipole
of the order 6 with multipolarity equal . The correspondent elastic
interaction with higher order elastic terms gives the angle
of minimum energy between two contact beads which
is close to the experimental value of .Comment: 9 pages, 13 figure
Superquadrics for segmentation and modeling range data
We present a novel approach to reliable and efficient recovery of part-descriptions in terms of superquadric models from range data. We show that superquadrics can directly be recovered from unsegmented data, thus avoiding any presegmentation steps (e.g., in terms of surfaces). The approach is based on the recover-andselect paradigm. We present several experiments on real and synthetic range images, where we demonstrate the stability of the results with respect to viewpoint and noise
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