12,856 research outputs found
Federated Embedded Systems – a review of the literature in related fields
This report is concerned with the vision of smart interconnected objects, a vision that has attracted much attention lately. In this paper, embedded, interconnected, open, and heterogeneous control systems are in focus, formally referred to as Federated Embedded Systems. To place FES into a context, a review of some related research directions is presented. This review includes such concepts as systems of systems, cyber-physical systems, ubiquitous
computing, internet of things, and multi-agent systems. Interestingly, the reviewed fields seem to overlap with each other in an increasing number of ways
Design Criteria to Architect Continuous Experimentation for Self-Driving Vehicles
The software powering today's vehicles surpasses mechatronics as the
dominating engineering challenge due to its fast evolving and innovative
nature. In addition, the software and system architecture for upcoming vehicles
with automated driving functionality is already processing ~750MB/s -
corresponding to over 180 simultaneous 4K-video streams from popular
video-on-demand services. Hence, self-driving cars will run so much software to
resemble "small data centers on wheels" rather than just transportation
vehicles. Continuous Integration, Deployment, and Experimentation have been
successfully adopted for software-only products as enabling methodology for
feedback-based software development. For example, a popular search engine
conducts ~250 experiments each day to improve the software based on its users'
behavior. This work investigates design criteria for the software architecture
and the corresponding software development and deployment process for complex
cyber-physical systems, with the goal of enabling Continuous Experimentation as
a way to achieve continuous software evolution. Our research involved reviewing
related literature on the topic to extract relevant design requirements. The
study is concluded by describing the software development and deployment
process and software architecture adopted by our self-driving vehicle
laboratory, both based on the extracted criteria.Comment: Copyright 2017 IEEE. Paper submitted and accepted at the 2017 IEEE
International Conference on Software Architecture. 8 pages, 2 figures.
Published in IEEE Xplore Digital Library, URL:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7930218
Satellite Navigation for the Age of Autonomy
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) brought navigation to the masses.
Coupled with smartphones, the blue dot in the palm of our hands has forever
changed the way we interact with the world. Looking forward, cyber-physical
systems such as self-driving cars and aerial mobility are pushing the limits of
what localization technologies including GNSS can provide. This autonomous
revolution requires a solution that supports safety-critical operation,
centimeter positioning, and cyber-security for millions of users. To meet these
demands, we propose a navigation service from Low Earth Orbiting (LEO)
satellites which deliver precision in-part through faster motion, higher power
signals for added robustness to interference, constellation autonomous
integrity monitoring for integrity, and encryption / authentication for
resistance to spoofing attacks. This paradigm is enabled by the 'New Space'
movement, where highly capable satellites and components are now built on
assembly lines and launch costs have decreased by more than tenfold. Such a
ubiquitous positioning service enables a consistent and secure standard where
trustworthy information can be validated and shared, extending the electronic
horizon from sensor line of sight to an entire city. This enables the
situational awareness needed for true safe operation to support autonomy at
scale.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation
Symposium (PLANS
Will Cyber Autonomy Undercut Democratic Accountability?
In recent years, legislative bodies such as the U.S. Congress and the U.K. Parliament have struggled to maintain a role for themselves in government decisions to conduct military operations against foreign adversaries. Some of these challenges arise from constitutional structures, but they are also due to the changing nature of conflict: a shift away from large-scale kinetic operations and toward smaller-scale operations—including cyber operations—that are less visible and that do not require robust legislative support. These modern operations leave legislatures to engage in ex post and sometimes ineffective efforts to hold their executive branches accountable for international uses of force and related military operations.
Because the use of increasingly autonomous cyber systems may draw States into hostilities without advance notice, these capabilities have the potential to further alter the existing relationships between executive branches and legislatures in making use of force decisions. Further, a State’s capacity to conduct autonomous cyber operations may alter the dynamics among different actors within executive branches themselves—by, for instance, diverting opportunities for deliberative input and oversight away from foreign, intelligence, and justice ministry officials and toward defense officials in the lead-up to conflict.
This article explores how the use of increasingly autonomous cyber capabilities may alter the current state of legislative oversight and internal executive decision making about sensitive cyber operations; illustrates how these changes may impact international peace and security; and identifies ways in which States may prevent a further loss of democratic accountability for significant cyber-related operations
Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Power from a Strategic Perspective
Artificial intelligence can outperform humans at narrowly defined tasks and will enable a new generation of autonomous weapon systems. Cyberspace will play a crucial role in future conflicts due to the integration of digital infrastructure in society and the expected prevalence of autonomous systems on the battlefield. AI cyber weapons create a dangerous class of persistent threats that can actively and quickly adjust tactics as they relentlessly and independently probe and attack networks
The Future of Wars: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS)
Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) are a special class of weapons systems that, once activated, can identify and engage a target without further human intervention. Semi-autonomous weapons are currently in use today, but the transfer of the decision to kill to machines inevitably raises novel ethical, legal, and political concerns. This paper examines the current ethical debate concerning LAWS use during wartime and outlines the potential security benefits and risks associated with the development of LAWS and other autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Allowing moral considerations to play a role in the development of AI weapons systems is crucial to upholding the principles of international humanitarian law. Depending on the degree of autonomy that a weapon has, it can pose distinct advantages and disadvantages that must be considered prior to deployment of the technology in dynamic combat settings. The transformative potential of LAWS in warfare cannot be ignored
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