On the use of stabilization techniques in the Cartesian grid finite element method framework for iterative solvers

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Navarro-Jiménez, José Manuel, Enrique Nadal, Manuel Tur, José Martínez-Casas, and Juan José Ródenas. 2020. "On the Use of Stabilization Techniques in the Cartesian Grid Finite Element Method Framework for Iterative Solvers." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 121 (13). Wiley: 3004-20. doi:10.1002/nme.6344, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6344. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Fictitious domain methods, like the Cartesian grid finite element method (cgFEM), are based on the use of unfitted meshes that must be intersected. This may yield to ill-conditioned systems of equations since the stiffness associated with a node could be small, thus poorly contributing to the energy of the problem. This issue complicates the use of iterative solvers for large problems. In this work, we present a new stabilization technique that, in the case of cgFEM, preserves the Cartesian structure of the mesh. The formulation consists in penalizing the free movement of those nodes by a smooth extension of the solution from the interior of the domain, through a postprocess of the solution via a displacement recovery technique. The numerical results show an improvement of the condition number and a decrease in the number of iterations of the iterative solver while preserving the problem accuracy.The authors wish to thank the Spanish "Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad," the "Generalitat Valenciana," and the "Universitat Politècnica de València" for their financial support received through the projects DPI2017-89816-R, Prometeo 2016/007 and the FPI2015 program, respectively.Navarro-Jiménez, J.; Nadal, E.; Tur Valiente, M.; Martínez Casas, J.; Ródenas, JJ. (2020). On the use of stabilization techniques in the Cartesian grid finite element method framework for iterative solvers. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 121(13):3004-3020. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.6344S3004302012113Burman, E., & Hansbo, P. (2010). Fictitious domain finite element methods using cut elements: I. A stabilized Lagrange multiplier method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199(41-44), 2680-2686. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2010.05.011Ruiz-Gironés, E., & Sarrate, J. (2010). Generation of structured hexahedral meshes in volumes with holes. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 46(10), 792-804. doi:10.1016/j.finel.2010.04.005Geuzaine, C., & Remacle, J.-F. (2009). Gmsh: A 3-D finite element mesh generator with built-in pre- and post-processing facilities. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 79(11), 1309-1331. doi:10.1002/nme.2579Parvizian, J., Düster, A., & Rank, E. (2007). Finite cell method. Computational Mechanics, 41(1), 121-133. doi:10.1007/s00466-007-0173-yDüster, A., Parvizian, J., Yang, Z., & Rank, E. (2008). The finite cell method for three-dimensional problems of solid mechanics. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197(45-48), 3768-3782. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2008.02.036Nadal, E., Ródenas, J. J., Albelda, J., Tur, M., Tarancón, J. E., & Fuenmayor, F. J. (2013). Efficient Finite Element Methodology Based on Cartesian Grids: Application to Structural Shape Optimization. Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2013, 1-19. doi:10.1155/2013/953786Nadal, E., Ródenas, J. J., Sánchez-Orgaz, E. M., López-Real, S., & Martí-Pellicer, J. (2014). Sobre la utilización de códigos de elementos finitos basados en mallados cartesianos en optimización estructural. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería, 30(3), 155-165. doi:10.1016/j.rimni.2013.04.009Giovannelli, L., Ródenas, J. J., Navarro-Jiménez, J. M., & Tur, M. (2017). Direct medical image-based Finite Element modelling for patient-specific simulation of future implants. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 136, 37-57. doi:10.1016/j.finel.2017.07.010Schillinger, D., & Ruess, M. (2014). The Finite Cell Method: A Review in the Context of Higher-Order Structural Analysis of CAD and Image-Based Geometric Models. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 22(3), 391-455. doi:10.1007/s11831-014-9115-yBurman, E., Claus, S., Hansbo, P., Larson, M. G., & Massing, A. (2014). CutFEM: Discretizing geometry and partial differential equations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 104(7), 472-501. doi:10.1002/nme.4823Tur, M., Albelda, J., Marco, O., & Ródenas, J. J. (2015). Stabilized method of imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions using a recovered stress field. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 296, 352-375. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2015.08.001Tur, M., Albelda, J., Nadal, E., & Ródenas, J. J. (2014). Imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions in hierarchical Cartesian meshes by means of stabilized Lagrange multipliers. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 98(6), 399-417. doi:10.1002/nme.4629De Prenter, F., Verhoosel, C. V., van Zwieten, G. J., & van Brummelen, E. H. (2017). Condition number analysis and preconditioning of the finite cell method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 316, 297-327. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2016.07.006Berger-Vergiat, L., Waisman, H., Hiriyur, B., Tuminaro, R., & Keyes, D. (2011). Inexact Schwarz-algebraic multigrid preconditioners for crack problems modeled by extended finite element methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 90(3), 311-328. doi:10.1002/nme.3318Menk, A., & Bordas, S. P. A. (2010). A robust preconditioning technique for the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 85(13), 1609-1632. doi:10.1002/nme.3032Dauge, M., Düster, A., & Rank, E. (2015). Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Finite Cell Method. Journal of Scientific Computing, 65(3), 1039-1064. doi:10.1007/s10915-015-9997-3Elfverson, D., Larson, M. G., & Larsson, K. (2018). CutIGA with basis function removal. Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences, 5(1). doi:10.1186/s40323-018-0099-2Verhoosel, C. V., van Zwieten, G. J., van Rietbergen, B., & de Borst, R. (2015). Image-based goal-oriented adaptive isogeometric analysis with application to the micro-mechanical modeling of trabecular bone. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 284, 138-164. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2014.07.009Burman, E. (2010). Ghost penalty. Comptes Rendus Mathematique, 348(21-22), 1217-1220. doi:10.1016/j.crma.2010.10.006BadiaS VerdugoF MartínAF. The aggregated unfitted finite element method for elliptic problems;2017.Jomo, J. N., de Prenter, F., Elhaddad, M., D’Angella, D., Verhoosel, C. V., Kollmannsberger, S., … Rank, E. (2019). Robust and parallel scalable iterative solutions for large-scale finite cell analyses. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 163, 14-30. doi:10.1016/j.finel.2019.01.009Béchet, É., Moës, N., & Wohlmuth, B. (2008). A stable Lagrange multiplier space for stiff interface conditions within the extended finite element method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 78(8), 931-954. doi:10.1002/nme.2515Hautefeuille, M., Annavarapu, C., & Dolbow, J. E. (2011). Robust imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions on embedded surfaces. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 90(1), 40-64. doi:10.1002/nme.3306Hansbo, P., Lovadina, C., Perugia, I., & Sangalli, G. (2005). A Lagrange multiplier method for the finite element solution of elliptic interface problems using non-matching meshes. Numerische Mathematik, 100(1), 91-115. doi:10.1007/s00211-005-0587-4Burman, E., & Hansbo, P. (2012). Fictitious domain finite element methods using cut elements: II. A stabilized Nitsche method. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 62(4), 328-341. doi:10.1016/j.apnum.2011.01.008Gerstenberger, A., & Wall, W. A. (2008). An eXtended Finite Element Method/Lagrange multiplier based approach for fluid–structure interaction. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 197(19-20), 1699-1714. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2007.07.002AxelssonO. Iterative solution methods;1994.Stenberg, R. (1995). On some techniques for approximating boundary conditions in the finite element method. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 63(1-3), 139-148. doi:10.1016/0377-0427(95)00057-7Zienkiewicz, O. C., & Zhu, J. Z. (1987). A simple error estimator and adaptive procedure for practical engineerng analysis. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 24(2), 337-357. doi:10.1002/nme.1620240206Zienkiewicz, O. C., & Zhu, J. Z. (1992). The superconvergent patch recovery anda posteriori error estimates. Part 1: The recovery technique. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 33(7), 1331-1364. doi:10.1002/nme.1620330702Blacker, T., & Belytschko, T. (1994). Superconvergent patch recovery with equilibrium and conjoint interpolant enhancements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 37(3), 517-536. doi:10.1002/nme.1620370309Díez, P., José Ródenas, J., & Zienkiewicz, O. C. (2007). Equilibrated patch recovery error estimates: simple and accurate upper bounds of the error. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 69(10), 2075-2098. doi:10.1002/nme.1837Xiao, Q. Z., & Karihaloo, B. L. (s. f.). Statically Admissible Stress Recovery using the Moving Least Squares Technique. Progress in Computational Structures Technology, 111-138. doi:10.4203/csets.11.5Ródenas, J. J., Tur, M., Fuenmayor, F. J., & Vercher, A. (2007). Improvement of the superconvergent patch recovery technique by the use of constraint equations: the SPR-C technique. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 70(6), 705-727. doi:10.1002/nme.1903Zhang, Z. (2001). Advances in Computational Mathematics, 15(1/4), 363-374. doi:10.1023/a:1014221409940González-Estrada, O. A., Nadal, E., Ródenas, J. J., Kerfriden, P., Bordas, S. P. A., & Fuenmayor, F. J. (2013). Mesh adaptivity driven by goal-oriented locally equilibrated superconvergent patch recovery. Computational Mechanics, 53(5), 957-976. doi:10.1007/s00466-013-0942-8Nadal, E., Díez, P., Ródenas, J. J., Tur, M., & Fuenmayor, F. J. (2015). A recovery-explicit error estimator in energy norm for linear elasticity. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 287, 172-190. doi:10.1016/j.cma.2015.01.013ZienkiewiczOC TaylorRL. The finite element method fifth edition volume 1: the basis.MA:Butterworth‐Heinemann;2000.Brenner, S. C., & Scott, L. R. (1994). The Mathematical Theory of Finite Element Methods. Texts in Applied Mathematics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-4338-

Abstract State Machines 1988-1998: Commented ASM Bibliography

An annotated bibliography of papers which deal with or use Abstract State Machines (ASMs), as of January 1998.Comment: Also maintained as a BibTeX file at http://www.eecs.umich.edu/gasm

Physicality in Australian patent law

It is generally understood that the patent system exists to encourage the conception and disclosure of new and useful inventions embodied in machines and other physical devices, along with new methods that physically transform matter from one state to another. What is not well understood is whether, and to what extent, the patent system is to encourage and protect the conception and disclosure of inventions that are non-physical methods – namely those that do not result in a physical transformation of matter. This issue was considered in Grant v Commissioner of Patents. In that case the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia held that an invention must involve a physical effect or transformation to be patentable subject matter. In doing so, it introduced a physicality requirement into Australian law. What this article seeks to establish is whether the court’s decision is consistent with the case law on point. It does so by examining the key common law cases that followed the High Court’s watershed decision in National Research Development Corporation v Commissioner of Patents, the undisputed authoritative statement of principle in regard to the patentable subject matter standard in Australia. This is done with a view to determining whether there is anything in those cases that supports the view that the Australian patentable subject matter test contains a physicality requirement

A History of Cluster Analysis Using the Classification Society's Bibliography Over Four Decades

The Classification Literature Automated Search Service, an annual bibliography based on citation of one or more of a set of around 80 book or journal publications, ran from 1972 to 2012. We analyze here the years 1994 to 2011. The Classification Society's Service, as it was termed, has been produced by the Classification Society. In earlier decades it was distributed as a diskette or CD with the Journal of Classification. Among our findings are the following: an enormous increase in scholarly production post approximately 2000; a very major increase in quantity, coupled with work in different disciplines, from approximately 2004; and a major shift also from cluster analysis in earlier times having mathematics and psychology as disciplines of the journals published in, and affiliations of authors, contrasted with, in more recent times, a "centre of gravity" in management and engineering.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figure

A Survey on Continuous Time Computations

We provide an overview of theories of continuous time computation. These theories allow us to understand both the hardness of questions related to continuous time dynamical systems and the computational power of continuous time analog models. We survey the existing models, summarizing results, and point to relevant references in the literature

A review of data visualization: opportunities in manufacturing sequence management.

Data visualization now benefits from developments in technologies that offer innovative ways of presenting complex data. Potentially these have widespread application in communicating the complex information domains typical of manufacturing sequence management environments for global enterprises. In this paper the authors review the visualization functionalities, techniques and applications reported in literature, map these to manufacturing sequence information presentation requirements and identify the opportunities available and likely development paths. Current leading-edge practice in dynamic updating and communication with suppliers is not being exploited in manufacturing sequence management; it could provide significant benefits to manufacturing business. In the context of global manufacturing operations and broad-based user communities with differing needs served by common data sets, tool functionality is generally ahead of user application