78,515 research outputs found
Difference and Diversity. (Review Article)
Review of Piper, H and Stronach I (eds) 2004 Educational Research: Difference and Diversity (Cardiff Papers in Qualitative Research) Aldershot: Ashgate Publishers. Ā£45.00. IBSN 0754633551
This collection of papers on educational methodology are drawn from two conferences, āRealism, Relativism or Post-Modernismā (1997) and āFeminism and Educational Research Methodologiesā (1999), suitably updated and with additional material. The overview and introduction are given in the final chapter, with separate text from each editor side by side in two columns. This overview is critical, even ārudeā (Piperās word) so as not to seem to be 'sycophantic'..
Crime applications and social machines: crowdsourcing sensitive data
The authors explore some issues with the United Kingdom (U.K.) crime reporting and recording systems which currently produce Open Crime Data. The availability of Open Crime Data seems to create a potential data ecosystem which would encourage crowdsourcing, or the creation of social machines, in order to counter some of these issues. While such solutions are enticing, we suggest that in fact the theoretical solution brings to light fairly compelling problems, which highlight some limitations of crowdsourcing as a means of addressing Berners-Leeās āsocial constraint.ā The authors present a thought experiment ā a Gendankenexperiment - in order to explore the implications, both good and bad, of a social machine in such a sensitive space and suggest a Web Science perspective to pick apart the ramifications of this thought experiment as a theoretical approach to the characterisation of social machine
Forest People or Village People: Whose voice will be heard?'
With reference to the current situation of the Mbendjele Yaka in northern Congo (Brazzaville) this paper summarises some of the problems facing them as outside interest in their forest increases. Issues relating to traditional and modern land ownership, international forest exploitation by both commercial loggers and wildlife protectionists, and representation are raised in the Mbendjele context. Mbendjele conceptualisations of themselves as āforest peopleā, as opposed to āvillage peopleā, are considered from the point of view of the contemporary indigenous peoples and minority rights movements. This offers an interesting analysis that highlights some of the challenges to be overcome in coming years. In effect, āforest peopleā are currently marginalized from these processes by the āvillage peopleā character of international procedural forms and structures within which they are expected to represent themselves
Brazil, the bomb and the poet: Cecilia Meireles and the Gandhian Seminar (1953)
In 1953, a group of nine delegates (from non-communist countries)
met in New Delhi to discuss Gandhiās āoutlooks and techniquesā as a creative
means to resolve Cold War nuclear tensions. This article mainly focuses on the
politics and lyrical impressions as observed by the Brazilian poet CecĆlia
Meireles in the Seminar proceedings and the DiĆ”rio de NotĆcias. As the only
Latin American delegate to attend the Seminar, she sheds new light on the ways
emerging countries such as India and Brazil cope with racism, war, hunger, and
violence. One pressing Gandhian issue Meireles and other delegates address is
the ethical role of āmachinesā in modern society. Problems faced by postcolonial cultures, such as industrialization, poverty, and racial strife, seem to
take a different (and more dangerous) perspective when thought of in terms of
machines and progress. To elucidate this āmachine-likeā rhetoric, the ideas of
Deleuze and Guattari have been applied throughout. Other participant comments
such as those by Ralph Bunche and John Boyd Orr allow for additional insight
into topics still relevant today
Multimodal Polynomial Fusion for Detecting Driver Distraction
Distracted driving is deadly, claiming 3,477 lives in the U.S. in 2015 alone.
Although there has been a considerable amount of research on modeling the
distracted behavior of drivers under various conditions, accurate automatic
detection using multiple modalities and especially the contribution of using
the speech modality to improve accuracy has received little attention. This
paper introduces a new multimodal dataset for distracted driving behavior and
discusses automatic distraction detection using features from three modalities:
facial expression, speech and car signals. Detailed multimodal feature analysis
shows that adding more modalities monotonically increases the predictive
accuracy of the model. Finally, a simple and effective multimodal fusion
technique using a polynomial fusion layer shows superior distraction detection
results compared to the baseline SVM and neural network models.Comment: INTERSPEECH 201
Do Chatbots Dream of Androids? Prospects for the Technological Development of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
The article discusses the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence systems and robotics (AI&R). The main question that is considered in this context is whether artificial systems are going to become more and more anthropomorphic, both intellectually and physically. In the current article, the author analyzes the current state and prospects of technological development of artificial intelligence and robotics, and also determines the main aspects of the impact of these technologies on society and economy, indicating the geopolitical strategic nature of this influence. The author considers various approaches to the definition of artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing on the subject-oriented and functional ones. It also compares AI&R abilities and human abilities in areas such as categorization, pattern recognition, planning and decision making, etc. Based on this comparison, we investigate in which areas AI&Rās performance is inferior to a human, and in which cases it is superior to one. The modern achievements in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence create the necessary basis for further discussion of the applicability of goal setting in engineering, in the form of a Turing test. It is shown that development of AI&R is associated with certain contradictions that impede the application of Turingās methodology in its usual format. The basic contradictions in the development of AI&R technologies imply that there is to be a transition to a post-Turing methodology for assessing engineering implementations of artificial intelligence and robotics. In such implementations, on the one hand, the āTuring wallā is removed, and on the other hand, artificial intelligence gets its physical implementation
Enkinaesthetic polyphony: the underpinning for first-order languaging
We contest two claims: (1) that language, understood as the processing of abstract symbolic forms, is an instrument of cognition and rational thought, and (2) that conventional notions of turn-taking, exchange structure, and move analysis, are satisfactory as a basis for theorizing communication between living, feeling agents. We offer an enkinaesthetic theory describing the reciprocal affective neuro-muscular dynamical flows and tensions of co- agential dialogical sense-making relations. This āenkinaesthetic dialogueā is characterised by a preconceptual experientially recursive temporal dynamics forming the deep extended melodies of relationships in time. An understanding of how those relationships work, when we understand and are ourselves understood, when communication falters and conflict arises, will depend on a grasp of our enkinaesthetic intersubjectivity
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