Sofie: Smart Operating System For Internet Of Everything

The proliferation of Internet of Things and the success of rich cloud services have pushed the horizon of a new computing paradigm, Edge computing, which calls for processing the data at the edge of the network. Applications such as cloud offloading, smart home, and smart city are idea area for Edge computing to achieve better performance than cloud computing. Edge computing has the potential to address the concerns of response time requirement, battery life constraint, bandwidth cost saving, as well as data safety and privacy. However, there are still some challenges for applying Edge computing in our daily life. The missing of the specialized operating system for Edge computing is holding back the flourish of Edge computing applications. Service management, device management, component selection as well as data privacy and security is also not well supported yet in the current computing structure. To address the challenges for Edge computing systems and applications in these aspects, we have planned a series of empirical and theoretical research. We propose SOFIE: Smart Operating System For Internet Of Everything. SOFIE is the operating system specialized for Edge computing running on the Edge gateway. SOFIE could establish and maintain a reliable connection between cloud and Edge device to handle the data transportation between gateway and Edge devices; to provide service management and data management for Edge applications; to protect data privacy and security for Edge users; to guarantee the wellness of the Edge devices. Moreover, SOFIE also provide a naming mechanism to connect Edge device more efficiently. To solve the component selection problem in Edge computing paradigm, SOFIE also include our previous work, SURF, as a model to optimize the performance of the system. Finally, we deployed the design of SOFIE on an IoT/M2M system and support semantics with access control

Development of the future generation of smart high voltage connectors and related components for substations, with energy autonomy and wireless data transmission capability

The increased dependency on electricity of modern society, makes reliability of power transmission systems a key point. This goal can be achieved by continuously monitoring power grid parameters, so possible failure modes can be predicted beforehand. It can be done using existing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Internet of Things (10T) technologies that include instrumentation and wireless communication systems, thus forming a wireless sensor network (WSN). Electrical connectors are among the most critical parts of any electrical system and hence, they can act as nodes of such WSN. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this thesis is the design, development and experimental validation of a self-powered IOT solution for real-time monitoring of the health status of a high-voltage substation connector and related components of the electrical substation. This new family of power connectors is called SmartConnector and incorporates a thermal energy harvesting system powering a microcontroller that controls a transmitter and several electronic sensors to measure the temperature, current and the electrical contact resistance (ECR) of the connector. These measurements are sent remotely via a Bluetooth 5 wireless communication module to a local gateway, which further transfers the measured data to a database server for storage as well as further analysis and visualization. By this way, after suitable data processing, the health status of the connector can be available in real-time, allowing different appealing functions, such as assessing the correct installation of the connector, the current health status or its remaining useful life (RUL) in real-time. The same principal can also be used for other components of substation like spacers, insulators, conductors, etc. Hence, to prove universality of this novel approach, a similar strategy is applied to a spacer which is capable of measuring uneven current distribution in three closely placed conductors. This novel IOT device is called as SmartSpacer. Care has to be taken that this technical and scientific development has to be compatible with existing substation bus bars and conductors, and especially to be compatible with the high operating voltages, i.e., from tens to hundreds of kilo-Volts (kV), and with currents in the order of some kilo-pm peres (kA). Although some electrical utilities and manufacturers have progressed in the development of such technologies, including smart meters and smart sensors, electrical device manufacturers such as of substation connectors manufacturers have not yet undertaken the technological advancement required for the development of such a new family of smart components involved in power transmission, which are designed to meet the future needs.La mayor dependencia de la electricidad de la sociedad moderna hace que la fiabilidad de los sistemas de transmisión de energía sea un punto clave. Este objetivo se puede lograr mediante la supervisión continua de los parámetros de la red eléctrica, por lo que los posibles modos de fallo se pueden predecir de antemano. Se puede hacer utilizando las tecnologías existentes de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (1CT) e Internet de las cosas (lo T) que incluyen sistemas de instrumentación y comunicación inalámbrica, formando así una red de sensores inalámbricos (WSN). Los conectores eléctricos se encuentran entre las partes más críticas de cualquier sistema eléctrico y, por lo tanto, pueden actuar como nodos de dicho VVSN. Por lo tanto, el objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es el diseño, desarrollo y validación experimental de una solución IOT autoalimentada para la supervisión en tiempo real del estado de salud de un conector de subestación de alta tensión y componentes relacionados de la subestación eléctrica. Esta nueva familia de conectores de alimentación se llama SmartConnector e incorpora un sistema de recolección de energía térmica que alimenta un microcontrolador que controla un transmisor y varios sensores electrónicos para medir la temperatura, la corriente y la resistencia del contacto eléctrico (ECR) del conector. Esta nueva familia de conectores de alimentación se llama SmartConnector e incorpora un sistema de recolección de energía térmica que alimenta un microcontrolador que controla un transmisor y varios sensores electrónicos para medir la temperatura, la corriente y la resistencia al contacto eléctrico (ECR) del conector. De esta manera, después del procesamiento de datos adecuado, el estado de salud del conector puede estar disponible en tiempo real, permitiendo diferentes funciones atractivas, como evaluar la correcta instalación del conector, el estado de salud actual o su vida útil restante (RUL) en tiempo real. El mismo principio también se puede utilizar para otros componentes de la subestación como espaciadores, aislantes, conductores, etc. Por lo tanto, para demostrar la universalidad de este enfoque novedoso, se aplica una estrategia similar a un espaciador, que es capaz de medir la distribución de corriente desigual en tres conductores estrechamente situados. Hay que tener cuidado de que este desarrollo técnico y científico tenga que sea compatible con las barras y "busbars" de subestación existentes, y sobre todo para ser compatible con las altas tensiones de funcionamiento, es decir, de decenas a cientos de kilovoltios (kV), y con corrientes en el orden de algunos kilo-Amperes (kA). Aunque algunas empresas eléctricas y fabricantes han progresado en el desarrollo de este tipo de tecnologías, incluidos medidores inteligentes y sensores inteligentes, los fabricantes de dispositivos eléctricos, como los fabricantes de conectores de subestación, aún no han emprendido el avance tecnológico necesario para el desarrollo de una nueva familia de componentes intel

Methods for Utilizing Connected Vehicle Data in Support of Traffic Bottleneck Management

The decision to select the best Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies from available options has always been a challenging task. The availability of connected vehicle/automated vehicle (CV/AV) technologies in the near future is expected to add to the complexity of the ITS investment decision-making process. The goal of this research is to develop a multi-criteria decision-making analysis (MCDA) framework to support traffic agencies’ decision-making process with consideration of CV/AV technologies. The decision to select between technology alternatives is based on identified performance measures and criteria, and constraints associated with each technology. Methods inspired by the literature were developed for incident/bottleneck detection and back-of-queue (BOQ) estimation and warning based on connected vehicle (CV) technologies. The mobility benefits of incident/bottleneck detection with different technologies were assessed using microscopic simulation. The performance of technology alternatives was assessed using simulated CV and traffic detector data in a microscopic simulation environment to be used in the proposed MCDA method for the purpose of alternative selection. In addition to assessing performance measures, there are a number of constraints and risks that need to be assessed in the alternative selection process. Traditional alternative analyses based on deterministic return on investment analysis are unable to capture the risks and uncertainties associated with the investment problem. This research utilizes a combination of a stochastic return on investment and a multi-criteria decision analysis method referred to as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select between ITS deployment alternatives considering emerging technologies. The approach is applied to an ITS investment case study to support freeway bottleneck management. The results of this dissertation indicate that utilizing CV data for freeway segments is significantly more cost-effective than using point detectors in detecting incidents and providing travel time estimates one year after CV technology becomes mandatory for all new vehicles and for corridors with moderate to heavy traffic. However, for corridors with light, there is a probability of CV deployment not being effective in the first few years due to low measurement reliability of travel times and high latency of incident detection, associated with smaller sample sizes of the collected data

Almost Rerere: Learning to resolve conflicts in distributed projects

The concurrent development of applications requires reconciling conflicting code updates by different developers. Recent research on the nature of merge conflicts in open source projects shows that a significant fraction of merge conflicts have limited size (one or two lines of code) and are resolved with simple strategies that use code present in the merged versions. Thus the opportunity arises of supporting the resolution of merge conflicts automatically by learning the way in which developers fix them. In this paper we propose a framework for automating the resolution of merge conflicts which learns from the resolutions made by developers and encodes such knowledge into conflict resolution rules applicable to conflicts not seen before. The proposed approach is text-based, does not depend on the programming languages of the merged files and exploits a well-known and general language (search and replacement regular expressions) to encode the conflict resolution rules. Evaluation results on 14,872 conflicts from 25 projects show that the system can synthesize a resolution for 49% of the conflicts occurred during the merge process (89% if one considers conflicts that have at least one similar conflict in the data set) and can reproduce exactly the same solution that human developers have applied in 55% of the cases (62% for single line conflicts)

Molekylære studier av Yersinia ruckeri i norsk akvakultur

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of yersinosis in fish, a haemorrhagic septicaemia occurring predominantly in farmed species of salmonids. In Norway, yersiniosis has been regarded as a regionally limited disease of minor concern, associated with sustained low levels of mortality and occasional acute outbreaks in Atlantic salmon hatcheries and smolts newly transferred to sea. This situation has changed in recent years, with an increasing occurrence of acute outbreaks also affecting quite large fish at sea with high mortalities. The situation has now been ameliorated to a significant degree by introduction and broad adoption of yersiniosis vaccines administered by injection. Acute yersiniosis in Norwegian aquaculture is associated with a distinct genetic lineage known as Y. ruckeri CC1 which is exclusive to Norway. In the work presented here, qPCR assays specific to Y. ruckeri and Y. ruckeri CC1 respectively were developed for screening purposes. While the virulent CC1 was identified in acute outbreaks of yersiniosis, samples from the environment were found to be frequently positive for other, putatively avirulent strains Y. ruckeri. Shedding of virulent Y. ruckeri from subclinically infected fish was found to occur during thermal delousing in the field. This phenomenon was then replicated and confirmed experimentally. Comparative genomic analysis of virulent and avirulent Y. ruckeri enabled identification of accessory genetic determinants associated with virulence, one of which, the inverseautotransporter putative invasin yrIlm, correlated fully with the virulent phenotype. Virulent isolates from Norway display duplication of this gene over time, with a single copy in isolates from the 1980s and contemporary isolates carrying two or three copies. The emergence of non-motile strains of Y. ruckeri has been associated with vaccine failure and virulence internationally. Only seven non-motile isolates were identified amongst 263 Norwegian isolates collected between 1985 and 2019. Three belong to the currently dominating virulent clone and four from a different virulent lineage which has not been identified since the early 1990s. Thus, while loss of motility was revealed in the dominant virulent lineage in Norway, the low frequency identified indicates that the escalating yersiniosis situation in recent years cannot be associated with an emergence of the non-motile phenotype. Rather, dissemination of the currently dominating virulent clone, and genetic changes in this clone, i.e. yrIlm duplication, and likely increasing stresses in the lifecycle of farmed fish seem to be the main contributing factors.Yersinia ruckeri forårsaker yersinose hos fisk, en hemorragisk septikemi som opptrer primært i laksefisk i oppdrett. Sykdommen ble påvist i Norge for første gang i 1985 og har siden vært assosiert med kroniske tilstander og tidvis akutte utbrudd i klekkerier for Atlantisk laks, men ansett som et regionalt problem av mindre betydning for norsk akvakultur som helhet. Dette har dog endret seg i senere år med stadig økende forekomst av akutte utbrudd langs norskekysten fra omkring 2010 og fremover, som også har rammet stor fisk i sjøfasen i økende grad. Omkring 2017 ble det tatt i bruk injeksjonsvaksiner mot yersiniose langs store deler av kysten for å forhindre ytterligere eskalering. Akutt yersiniose i norsk akvakultur er assosiert med en bestemt genetisk variant, kjent som Y. ruckeri CC1, som forekommer kun i Norge. I arbeidet som presenteres her ble det utviklet qPCR assay for spesifikk deteksjon av henholdsvis Y. ruckeri og Y. ruckeri CC1 for målrettet screening. Den virulente varianten ble påvist ved akutte utbrudd av yersiniose, men ved screening av miljøprøver ble det funnet at disse ofte inneholdt Y. ruckeri, men andre, trolig avirulente stammer. Screening ved termisk avlusing i felt fant utskilling av virulent Y. ruckeri i behandlingsvannet. Det samme ble observert i dyreforsøk med subklinisk infisert fisk utsatt for termisk stress. En rekke virulens-assosierte genetiske faktorer ble identifisert ved komparativ genomisk analyse av virulente og avirulente Y. ruckeri. En av disse, det invasin-lignende yrIlm, korrelerte med en virulent fenotype. I virulente isolater fra Norge er dette genet duplisert over tid, hvor isolater fra 1980-tallet har en enkelt kopi, og isolat fra 2000 og fremover har to eller tre kopier. Y. ruckeri er beskrevet som bevegelig, men stadig økende forekomst av ikke-bevegelige isolater som mangler flagell har vært assosiert med virulens og vaksinesvikt internasjonalt. Syv ikke-bevegelige isolater ble funnet blant 263 undersøkte norske isolater. Kun tre av disse tilhører den dominerende virulente varianten. Tap av bevegelighet forekommer dermed også i den virulente varianten i norsk akvakultur, men den lave frekvensen tyder på at økende problemer med yersiniose i senere år ikke kan tilskrives utbredelse av denne ikke-bevegelige fenotypen. Derimot, spredning av den dominerende virulente varianten og andre genetiske endringer i denne, som duplisering av yrIlm, samt økt forekomst av stress, hvor ikke-medikamentell avlusing utmerker seg i høy grad, later til å være betydelige bidragsytere til økt omfang og alvorlighetsgrad av akutt yersiniose i norsk akvakultur i senere år